18 · 山风蛊

蛊卦原文

蛊。元亨，利涉大川。先甲三日，后甲三日。

象曰：山下有风，蛊。君子以振民育德。

白话文解释

蛊卦：大吉大利。利于涉水渡河，但须在甲前三日之辛日与甲后三日之丁日启程。

《象辞》说：本卦上卦为艮为山，下卦为巽为风，贤人如山居于上，宣布德教施于下，所谓山下有风，这是巽卦盼卦象。君子观此卦象，取法于吹拂万物的风，从而振救万民，施行德教。

《断易天机》解

蛊卦艮上巽下，为巽宫归魂卦。蛊是指皿中食物因腐败而生虫，筮遇此卦，半凶半吉。

北宋易学家邵雍解

三蛊在器，事物败坏；辛勤丁宁，转危为安。

得此卦者，艰难迷惑之时，事事不如意；宜大胆革新，奋发图强，艰苦努力，可转危为安。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解

时运：力图振作，可改旧观。

财运：不宜堆积，应即贩卖。

家宅：整顿家风；恐有私情；生育不顺。

身体：蛊毒之症，小心咒诅。

传统解卦

这个卦是异卦（下巽上艮）相叠，与随卦互为综卦。蛊本意为事，引申为多事、混乱。器皿久不用而生虫称“蛊”，喻天下久安而因循、腐败，必须革新创造，治理整顿，挽救危机，重振事业。

大象：风入山下，闭而不出，即物腐生虫，意气不通，因循败事。

运势：诸事不如意，艰难迷惑，宜大胆革新，否则引来内忧外患。

事业：运气处于不佳状态，或因外界条件，或因个人因素所致。唯有谨慎分析原因，找出弊端，坚决而大胆，不惜冒险，战胜阻力。这时一要头脑冷静，二要向高明的人请教，必能创造业绩。

经商：诸多不利困扰着自己，不宜继续走老路。应全面分析市场动向，当机立断，另外找寻出路。

求名：会遇到许多困难和不利，应看作是对自己的考验，要以百倍的勇气，继续奋斗。同时，虚心寻找自己的不足，加以补救。

婚恋：不顺利。双方如情投意合，则应全力以赴促成此事，夫妇应共同努力维系家庭。

决策：生不逢时，家道或事业有中落现象，个人陷入多事之秋。唯有正视现实，勤奋勉励，不屈不挠，有所作为，甚至不惜冒险，挽救败落状况。必要时还需耐心等待时机。

第十八卦的哲学含义

蛊卦卦象，山风蛊卦的象征意义

从卦象上看，艮为山，性刚，在上。巽为风，性柔，在下。这就像一座坚固高大的房子建在了柔软的地基上，是非常危险的，随时都可能倒塌。艮为山，含有止的意思，巽为风，含有顺从的意思，上止下顺从，事物肯定就会停止发展，结果会很糟。

本卦中的“蛊”是事，即“有事了”、有“麻烦了”的意思。这里是以腐败来比拟人事，指风云际会之时，也正是英雄用武之际，应以自新的精神来应对。

蛊卦除了揭示人们将陷入麻烦之中，还告诉了人们如何解决麻烦的方法 自新、自省、自察。这样做，会减少麻烦的出现，能把麻烦扼杀在萌芽之

蛊卦位于随卦之后，《序卦》这样说道：“以喜随人者必有事，故受之以蛊。”在此上承豫卦与随卦，亦即愉悦而随从别人，形成某些弊端，需要整顿修

《象》曰：山下有风，蛊；君子以振民育德。《象》解释蛊卦的卦象，认为巽（风）下艮（山）上，为山下起大风之表象，象征救弊治乱、拨乱反正。这时候，君子救济人民，培育美德，纠正时弊。

蛊卦启示了振疲起衰的道理，属于中中卦。《象》中断此卦：卦中爻象如推磨，顺当为福反为祸，心中有益且迟迟，凡事尽从忙处错。

蛊卦的卦画是三个阴爻三个阳爻，随卦的所有阳爻变为阴爻，所有阴爻变为阳交，便形成了蛊卦。可见《周易》中的蛊卦与随卦是有一定联系的。

18.山风蛊(䷑)-高岛易断

此卦《巽》下《艮》上，《艮》为山，《巽》为风，山下有风之象。风者空中之气，流通气候，往来寒暑，发育万物者也。今风入山下，闭息而不得振，风不通，则物腐而生虫。又《巽》为臭，为气，《艮》为止，为覆器，《艮》上《巽》下，是藏臭物于器中，夏从而覆之也，故腐败而生虫。一虫而化为三，愈生愈多，虫在皿中无所食，遂至同类相食，是乱之义也。“蛊”字从三虫，在一皿中，故《春秋传》曰：“皿虫为蛊”。朱子曰：“言器中聚那毒虫，教他自相并，总是败坏之意，故名此卦曰《蛊》。”《说文》，“腹中蛊，悔深所生”，故又有淫溺惑乱之义；又转训事，或为修饬之义。《序卦传》曰“蛊者事也”，《杂卦传》曰“蛊则饬也”。凡遇蛊败，必有谨饬修治之事，犹训乱为治之意。是以卦名取败坏之义，爻辞用为事之义也。

蛊：元亨，利涉大川。先甲三日，后甲三日。

▲　甲骨文蛊

蛊，坏之极也；坏极必当复治，治则必有治蛊之才，应世而出焉，得此治蛊之才，则足以致元亨矣。凡用才以图治，犹用舟揖以涉川，《书》曰“若涉大川，用汝作舟揖”。此之谓也，故曰“利涉大川”。“先甲”“后甲”，诸儒之说纷如，马氏以卦位言，子夏氏以癸丁言，卢氏以《贲》与《无妄》变卦言，郑氏取用辛用丁之义，苏氏据尽巳尽亥之说，皆各执一见。《全书》独以先三后三，为六爻已终，七日更始，取《复》卦“七日来复”之义。简端曰：甲，事之始，庚，事之变，蛊乱极而复治，故曰甲，《巽》化阴而归阳，故曰庚。此说最精确。程氏谓“先甲三日”，以穷其所以然，而处其事；“后甲三日”，以究其将然，而为之防。其说亦通。

《彖传》曰：蛊，刚上而柔下，巽而止，蛊。《蛊》元亨而天下治也。利涉大川，往有事也。先甲三日，后甲三日，终则有始，天行也。

此卦《艮》一阳在上，二阴在下，《巽》二阳在上，一阴居下，内外阴阳不交，内志不决，外行不健，因循坐误，此所以渐积而成蛊也。蛊则安得元亨？所谓“元亨”者，必使蛊之坏者复完之，蛊之塞者复通之，斯元亨而天下治矣。《序卦》曰，“蛊者事也”，饬蛊则必有事，往则不能无险，险莫如大川，以饬蛊而往涉，无不利为。“先甲三日，后甲三日”，先、后，即终始也。原其蛊之始，要其蛊之终，先不敢荒，后不敢怠，惟曰不足，终而复始，是非天行之健者不能也。此饬蛊之全功也。

以此卦拟人事，我巽而从，彼艮而止，意气两不相通。意气不通，则彼我不能合而成事，因循苟且，事必败坏，亦势所必至也。譬如木朽则生蛀，谷久则变蛊，此《蛊》之象也。《蛊》为后天之卦，《艮》《巽》与《乾》《坤》 易位，是父母老而子用事，故六爻中，五爻皆言家事。初爻干父蛊而承意；二爻干母蛊而得中；三爻干之，虽有悔而无咎；五爻干之，以“用誉”而承德；惟四爻以“裕”而“见吝”，是失于顺也。凡人事以孝为首，即家事而推之，无事不当如是也。至上爻居《蛊》之终，独善其志，而不言饬蛊，盖将守其志而治身心之蛊，扩其志而济万世之蛊，是则人事之大者也。

以此卦拟国家，上卦为政府，下卦为人民，《艮》上《巽》下，一高一低，尊卑悬殊，上下隔绝，臣下逡巡畏缩，而无振作之才，人君因循苟且，而乏有为之志，祸乱之萌，已伏治平之中，自此而百弊生，万事隳，是《蛊》之卦名所由起也。然当蛊之时，要必有干蛊之才，而蛊乃可治。《象》曰“蛊，君子以振民育德”，盖以振起其民，育养其德，为饬蛊之要道也。此卦六爻，皆言齐家，不及治国，要之齐家，即所以治国，无二道焉。初爻之干蛊“终吉”，如管仲之相齐桓，孔明之辅后主是也。二爻之干蛊得中，如周勃之事吕后，狄相之事武后是也。三爻之干蛊“无咎”，如伊尹之相太甲，终得复位是也。四爻之裕蛊“见吝”，如李勣之不谏，终至酿祸是也。五爻之干蛊“用誉”，如周公之相成王，终成兴周是也。若上爻“高尚”，则如许巢之不受天下，夷齐之不食周粟是也。后世君臣，思艰图治，所当凛“先甲”“后甲”之惧，守成始成终之道，用《震》之动，法《乾》之健，斯“元亨而天下治”矣。不然，柔顺而自安，退止而不前，蛊坏日深，虽有善者，亦难保其后矣。可不惧哉！可不慎哉！

通观此卦，艮以刚止在上，上亢而不下济，巽以柔入在下，下卑而不上承，刚柔不接，两情乖隔。下者愈卑而愈巽，逡巡不进，上者愈高而愈亢，忽略苟安。其中日积日敝，渐积渐坏，内腐而外朽，其破败有不可救药者矣。故曰“刚上而柔下，巽而止，蛊”，是自卑于内，苟止于外，所以成蛊也。古书曰：“流水之不腐，以其逝故也；户枢之不合，以其运故也。”故器欲常用，久不用则蠹生；体欲常动，久不动则疾生。则知蛊之生由于止，其所由者非朝夕矣。《象》曰“山下有风，蛊”，风欲行，遇山阻之而止，旋转于山而不能达。风字从虫，故曰蛊以风化。君子欲治其蛊，则莫如“振”，“振”者动而不止也。“振民育德”，即“明德”“新民”之道也。是以诸爻皆曰“干”。“干”者植立之谓，所以饬治而扶起之，其义与“振”同，皆反夫止而用之也，反其止则蛊治矣。若四爻之“裕”，是益其蛊也，故“吝”。五爻皆言干蛊，有子道焉。上爻居五爻之上，处一卦之极，有为父之象，故不言于蛊。以干蛊之事，属之五爻之王，诸爻之侯，而上爻不复事其事。故曰“不事王侯，高尚其事”者，谓其事更有高出王侯之上者也。是将以一言而为天下法，一行而为天下则，其不言治蛊，而所以治蛊者。其道可为万世法则，故《象》曰“志可则也”。若以“不事王侯”，谓隐居高尚者所为，仍蹈苟止卑巽之习，非饬蛊，适以滋蛊矣，于爻义未合。总之此卦，五爻所言，称“父”，称“母”，称“子”，皆家事，上爻则曰“王”，曰“侯”，乃国事。邱氏曰，“以此为子，是诤父之子；以此为臣，是诤君之臣”，此言得之矣。

《大象》曰：山下有风，蛊。君子以振民育德。

《小畜》“风行天上”，《观》“风行地上”，《涣》“风行水上”，无所阻，故皆曰“行”；《蛊》，山下有风，风遇山而止，故曰“有”。“行”在外也，“有”在内也，在内必郁而不宣，郁久则坏，语曰“蛊自内生”，此也。君子当此，以之振起其民，养育其德。《艮》之止者使之动，《巽》之入者使之出，将推己之德化民，民亦感其德，而振发有为，得以革去旧染之污，“日新其德”，此君子治蛊之能事也。如是而蛊济矣。

【占】　问时运：目下好运方来，须力图振作，可改旧观。

○　问商业：防货物堆积致坏，宜急起贩运出售。

○　问战征：屯营宜就旷地，不宜近山，防有风鹤之惊。

○　问家宅：须整肃门庭，凛诲淫蛊惑之戒。

○　问疾病：防巫蛊咒诅，或腹患蛊毒之症。

○　问讼事：想是听人蛊惑所致，急宜罢讼。

○　问婚嫁：恐有男女私情。

○　问失物：其物已坏。

○　问出行：防阻风。

○　问六甲：防有异胎。

Judgment

Legge: Successful progress is indicated for those who properly repair what has been spoiled. It is advantageous to cross the great stream. One should consider carefully the events three days before the turning point and the tasks remaining for three days afterward.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Work On What Has Been Spoiled has supreme success. It furthers one to cross the great water. Before the starting point, three days. After the starting point, three days.

Blofeld: Decay augurs sublime success and the advantage of crossing the great river (or sea). [I.e. of going on a journey or of going forward with one's plans.] What has happened once will surely happen again (literally, "three days before the commencement; three days after the commencement"). [It would have been hard to make sense of these words, were it not that the Confucian Commentary on the Text clearly explains them; hence the liberty I have taken with the Text.]

Liu: Work after spoiling. Great success. It is of benefit to cross the great water. Before starting, three days. After starting, three days. [This hexagram implies that, although conditions are bad now, improvement can be expected.]

Ritsema/Karcher: Corrupting, Spring Growing. Harvesting: wading the Great River. Before seedburst three days, after seedburst three days. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of disorder, perversion and putrefaction. It emphasizes that letting things rot away so they become obsolete is the adequate way to handle it...]

Shaughnessy: Branch: Prime auspiciousness; receipt. Beneficial to ford the great river; preceding jia by three days, following jia by three days.

Cleary (1): Correcting degeneration is greatly developmental. It is beneficial to cross great rivers. Three days before the start, three days after the start. [The way to correct degeneracy is not in empty tranquility without action;

it is necessary to work in the midst of great danger and difficulty, to act in the dragon’s pool and the tiger’s lair. Only then can one restore one’s original being, cultivating it into something indestructible.]

Cleary (2): From degeneration comes great development, etc.

Wu: Misdeeds is great and pervasive. It will be advantageous to cross the big river. It would be advisable to begin an undertaking three days before Jia and examine the ongoing progress three days thereafter.

The Image

Legge: The image of wind below the mountain forms Repair. The superior man, in accordance with this, stimulates the virtue of the people.

Wilhelm/Baynes: The wind blows low on the mountain: the image of Decay. Thus the superior man stirs up the people and strengthens their spirit.

Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes wind blowing at the foot of a mountain. The Superior Man, by stimulating people's hearts, nourishes their virtue.

Liu: Wind blowing around the foot of the mountain symbolizes Work after Spoiling. The superior man encourages people to cultivate virtue.

Ritsema/Karcher: Below mountain possessing wind. Corrupting. A chun tzu uses rousing the commoners to nurture actualizing-tao. [Actualize-tao: ...ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos...

Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]

Cleary (1): There is wind in the mountains; degeneration. Thus superior people rouse the people and nurture virtue.

Cleary (2): … Leaders thus arouse the people to nurture virtue.

Wu: There is wind at the foot of the mountain; this is Misdeeds. Thus the jun zi arouses the people and nurtures his own virtue.

COMMENTARY

Confucius/Legge: The dynamic trigram is above, and the magnetic trigram is below. Pliancy is below, and Stopping above: these suggest troubled conditions verging on ruin. But Repair brings order to all under heaven, and he who advances will encounter the business to be done. The end of confusion is the beginning of order; such is the procedure of heaven.

Legge: Repair means the performance of painful but necessary duties. It shows a situation in which things are going to ruin, as if through poison or venomous worms. In order to justify the auspice of progress and success, the duty of the figure is to rectify this and restore conditions to health. This will require a major effort, such as crossing the great stream, and the careful differentiation of the causes of the problem, as well as the measures taken to fix it. The attribute of the lower trigram is Pliancy, and the upper represents Stoppage or Arrest. Hence, the feeble pliancy of decadence is stopped cold by the immovable mountain. The three days before and after the turning point symbolize the careful attention and differentiation necessary for any rectification to succeed.

On the Image, Ch'eng-tzu says: "When the wind encounters the mountain, it is driven back, and the things about are all scattered in disorder; such is the emblem of the state denoted by Repair." The nourishing of virtue appears

especially in line six -- all the other lines belong to the helping of the people.

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES

Judgment: Repair means to set your house in order. Analyze your choices before the renovation and evaluate their consequences afterward. The Superior Man orders his thoughts and feelings, reforms old attitudes, and strengthens his will. (Psychologically, to "stimulate the virtue of the people" (Legge) is to rectify the components of a complex.) To imagine any truly objective state of perception we must include all that exists: the entire cosmos. Each differentiation of this, from atom to galaxy, is one slice out of an infinite whole. As a portion of the entirety, we are always linked with our ancestors in an infinite web of relationships which includes our family history, our racial-cultural-historical heritage and Homo sapiens as a species. Though seldom aware of them, it is useful to remember these links. Emanating from an unfathomable complexity, their karmically-charged morphogenetic fields are constantly shaping our lives. It follows that, although we perceive ourselves as separate from our ancestors, the separation is a subjective experience which is true only in a temporally limited sense. Every line of Repair, except two and six, shows a son dealing with the troubles caused by his father. This reminds us of the biblical curse: For I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me.

Exodus 20: 5 The father archetype has a wide range of meanings: this extends from the Primal Spirit ("God the Father"), to a prior cause or intent in the psyche which

has engendered a present condition. Psychologically interpreted, it is this latter reading which usually applies. If a "father" symbolizes the cause, then a "son" is the effect. If the effect is imperfect, then to rectify it is also to rectify the original intent. To a large extent our lives consist of well-intentioned but misguided choices which create less than perfect consequences. To modify our attitude or behavior so that it corrects errors in our original intent is to "deal with the troubles caused by the father."

For example: In a misconceived expression of affection, a parent allows his child unrestricted access to candy. As a consequence of this choice, the kid's teeth become rotten, and the only logical way to correct the original error is to now curtail his intake of sugar. The fact that this new choice will create stress in the relationship between parent and child is just a consequence of the original choice and has no bearing at all on what is correct in the situation. In some situations this hexagram may be interpreted as a response to a karmic chain of cause and effect: To harmonize with the Wisdom Teachings, the scripture should read that the karma of the "father" is visited upon the "child" unto the fourth incarnation, not generation. The mistakes you made in the last four incarnations may be visited upon you in the form of karma flowing out of the heart seed atom in the present incarnation. Thus what you "fathered," or created, in your last incarnation may be the source ("parent") of your karma today. You are a child of that parent today.

You have inherited from that parent -- the you of the past, not your

physical parents -- all of your characteristics, weaknesses and strengths.

Earlyne Chaney -- The Mystery of Death and Dying The interpretation of any oracle response can only be as profound as our minds are prepared to accept. As moderns we find it difficult to empathize with "ancestor worship," yet properly understood, it can provide useful insights into the Work. In the unconscious realm all time is immediate, not sequential, and the Objective Psyche consists of a non- temporal web of forces shading from personal to universal. This means that if we have a complex engendered in us by our father, for example, we can reasonably assume that he was passing on what he received from his own parents. In this way, the unresolved complexes of the ancestors shape our own personalities: they live in and through us right now, even if they had their birth in forefathers long forgotten. This is a kind of nearimmortality: individuals may die, but beliefs, attitudes, complexes live as long as they have receptive vessels to inhabit. (This is probably the engine of karma.) To the extent that an ancestral chain of causality still motivates our choices, we are totally responsible for "setting right what has been spoiled by the father."

SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION

Most people have some level of unfinished business with their parents: psychologists would have little to do if this weren't true. It can be a healing ritual to set up an altar to a deceased parent and meditate there on the stresses that still remain between you. To approach the situation without judgment, to realize (non-logically) that forces pre-existing you provoked the condition as much as your parent did, will elicit much insight. Be especially aware of the presence of the past and the illusion of linear time. (Is it possible somehow to be your own great-grandfather?) Ancestor “worship” of this sort can be profoundly therapeutic.