第 7 卦 · 地水师

师卦原文
师。贞，丈人吉，无咎。

象曰：地中有水，师。君子以容民畜众。

白话文解释
师卦：占问总指挥的军情，没有灾祸。
《象辞》说：下卦为坎，坎为水；上卦为坤，坤为地，像“地中有水”，这是师卦的卦象。君子观此卦象，取法于容纳江河的大地，收容和畜养大众。
《断易天机》解
师卦坤上坎下，为坎宫归魂卦。师即兵众，只有选择德高望重的长者来统率军队，才能吉祥无咎。

北宋易学家邵雍解
忧劳动众，变化无穷；公正无私，排除万难。
得此卦者，困难重重，忧心劳众，宜包容别人，艰苦努力，摒除一切困难。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：包容别人，修行待时。
财运：有财有库，善自珍惜。
家宅：旧亲联姻，可喜可贺。
身体：腹胀之症，调气无忧。

传统解卦
这个卦是异卦（下坎上坤）相叠。“师”指军队。坎为水、为险；坤为地、为顺，喻寓兵于农。兵凶战危，用兵乃圣人不得已而为之，但它可以顺利无阻碍地解决矛盾，因为顺乎形势，师出有名，故能化凶为吉。
大象：养兵聚众，出师攻伐之象，彼此有伤，难得安宁。
运势：困难重重，凡事以正规行事，忌独断独行、投机取巧，提防潜在敌人。
事业：阻力很大，困难很多，处于激烈的竞争状态，要与他人密切合作，谨小慎微，行为果断，切忌盲目妄动，适度即可，注意保全自己。机动灵活，严于律已。从容沉着对付一切，必能成功。
经商：已有一定的积蓄，可以从事大的营销活动，但必卷入激烈商战，以刚毅顽强的精神和高尚的商业道德，辅以灵活的方法，勿贪图小利，勿掉以轻心，加强与他人的沟通，必可摆脱困境，化险为夷。
求名：具备很好的条件，但须有正确的引导，务必严格要求自己，克服不利因素的干扰，经过扎实努力，必可名利双全。
婚恋：慎重、专注，否则会陷入“三角”纠纷。痴情追求可以达到目的。
决策：天资聪颖，性格灵活，具有坚强的意志，对事业执着追求，迎难而进。可成就大事业。喜竞争，善争辩，富有冒险精神，不免带来麻烦，务老成持重，不贪功，以中正为要。

第七卦的哲学含义

师卦，此卦是异卦相叠，下卦为坎，上卦为坤。“师”指军队。坎为水、为险；坤为地、为顺，喻寓兵于农。兵凶战危，用兵乃圣人不得已而为之，但它可以顺利无阻碍地解决矛盾，因为顺乎形势，师出有名，故能化凶为吉。占得此卦，对于军事上率师出征非常有利，必无灾祸。师卦是天马出群之卦，以寡伏众之象。
师卦位于讼卦之后，《序卦》之中这样解释道：“讼必有众起，故受之以师。师者，众也。”争讼的人越来越多，以致形成了军队。
《象》中这样解释师卦：师卦的形象，下卦“坎”为险，水；上卦“坤”为地，顺。整个卦象就是地下有水。水潜藏在地下取之不尽，也就是士兵来源于农民中间。因而，这一卦象征“师”。君子观此象，应当效法这一精神，平素能容民养民如大地蓄水。在人民当中蓄积兵众的力量，以备战时用之不竭。
师卦之象：有虎、马、牛指寅午未;将军立于台上，主掌兵权;执印者拜于地，指受赏。天马出群之卦，以寡服众象。

07.地水师(䷆)-高岛易断
“师”篆书左旁为阜；右旁为巾。巾上加一者，为能一人指挥众人也。《师》承《讼》来，《讼》必有众，《师》者，众也，故《师》继夫《讼》。顾《师》有二义，一为教导子弟，一为统领军旅，是皆有率众之象。以九二为成卦之主，统率五阴而济坎险。《坤》上《坎》下，地中有水，水依地而安居，地得水而滋润，生育万物，相助为功。水土之性，原来相亲，此卦水在地下，是至险起于至顺之下，为聚众据险，扰乱不定之象。《师》者，以一人统众而平定之也。盖未乱之先，以师道训导之，格其非心，可戡乱于未形。既乱，则统师旅以征伐之，枭其元恶，可戡乱于方作，皆为师也。此卦初爻，柔而不得其正，为起难之首；二爻在险难之中，能率众以平难，故为一卦之主。
师：贞，大人吉，无咎。
▲　金文师
▲　篆书师
爻辞皆系以军旅之义，故《彖辞》亦从之，读者当以类推。夫军旅者，起大众，动干戈，伤人命，糜国帑，国家不得已而用之也。其得已而兴者，是谓穷兵黩武，无道之甚者也，故戒之曰“师贞”。“贞”者，正也，谓师道而以正为本也。兴师动众，以毒天下，苟不以正，民不从也。“大人”，坊本误作“丈人”，独《子夏传》作“大人”，与《困》卦《彖辞》同。以大人为元帅，谓必能拨乱反正，除暴安民者也，故曰“大人吉”。兵者凶器，战者危事，本属有咎，“大人”者，应天顺民，为天下除暴，是王者之师也，纵有杀伤，亦无害天地生生之道，故吉而无咎。
《彖传》曰：师，众也，贞，正也，能以众正，可以王矣。刚中而应，行险而顺，以此毒天下，而民从之，吉，又何咎矣。
“以”，《春秋传》：“能左右之曰以”，以犹用也。元帅能以严正而用众，可谓王者之师矣。“刚中”者，谓一阳居内卦之中，上应六五之君。内卦《坎》为险，外卦《坤》为顺，故曰“行险而顺”。“毒”，马云“治也”，王云“役也”，又古毒育二字，音义通，亦作育解，盖谓以此治天下，以此役天下，于义均顺。汉儒释毒为害，是以此害天下，民必不从，何以能王？若谓以民治乱，犹以毒药攻疡，说之牵强。夫众以正举，民以顺从，顺则获吉，正则复有何咎？“吉”者主事而言，“无咎”者主理而言也。
以此卦拟人事，则《坎》为中男，宜在外而在内，《坤》为老阴，宜居内而在外，母子位置，颠倒失伦，不安之象，是必启家乱也。当于家长内得刚中者，以贞正而治之，斯家道齐矣。
以此卦拟国家，上卦为政府，得《坤》之顺，阴弱而少威严，不能箝制下民；下卦为人民，得《坎》之险，阴险而好生事，动欲上抗政府，譬如水在地下，泛滥无归，有聚众据险，扰乱不顺之象。此卦五爻皆阴，惟九二独秉阳刚，当以九二受六五之君命，膺元帅之专任，率众兴师。以此毒天下，谓之“刚中而应，行险而顺”，“而民从之，吉，又何咎矣”。
通观此卦，九二为元帅，五阴从之。初六为师众，九二为主帅，六三六四为褊裨，六五为临敌，上六为赏功之时。又以内外卦见之，九二为将帅，六五为君主，将帅承君命而出征，所谓“礼乐征伐，出白天子”。将帅者，佐主成王，相与有成者也。故“能以众正”者，属九二之将帅言之；“可以王矣”，属六五之君言之也。
《屯》以下六卦，皆圣人济险之业，天下之事，未有不先难者也。《序卦》曰：“《讼》者必有众，《师》者，众也，故受之以《师》。”以《坤》众，《履》坎险，即兵凶之象，九二一阳率五阴，行师之象。人或曰《师》《比》两卦，均是地水相遇，而爻象大异者，何也？曰：《比》者一阳在上，是人君居尊临下者也；《师》者一阳在下，是人臣奉命出征者也。《坤》卦曰战，而此曰《师》》者何也？《师》者民也，国以民为本。天道好生而不杀，圣人容保如伤，然欲恶形而相岐，五兵作而相戕，是天地之闰数，不得已而用之者也。故卫灵公问陈，孔子不对，子路问子行三军则谁与，曰“必也临事而惧，好谋而成”。曰“惧”，曰“好谋”，何等郑重！知圣人未尝轻言兴师也。此卦九二为刚中之贤将，六三贪功而取败，六四无功而守常，六五为君任将不专，挠权偾事，是卦可备观军旅之情形矣。大抵三军和，将帅贤，褊裨奉令，委任专一，班师行赏，崇德报功，是帝王之举也。要旨所归，全在“容民畜众”，以六爻不取全胜，其义可知也。
《大象》曰：地中有水，师。君子以容民畜众。
《坎》在《坤》内，故曰“地中有水”，水藏地中，无地非水，犹兵藏民中，无民非兵。藏兵于民，有兵之利，无兵之害，犹水藏于地，有水之利，无水之害也。“水在地中”，显见地能包水，有容民畜众之象。又《坤》为民，《坎》为众，“容”者，保也，“畜”者，养也，兼养育教化之义。九二将帅，德量宏大，能包容亿兆，养育众庶，故无事之日，散兵为农，有事之日，集农为兵。其不曰治民，而曰“容民”者，治之则尚严，容之则尚宽也；其不曰动众，而曰“畜众”者，动之则劳，畜之则在逸也。所谓兵可百年不用，不可一日不备，“容民畜众”，盖讲兵于平时之道也。师旅本残民害众之事，然圣人取象，曰“容民畜众”，不杀为武之意，即此可知矣。
【占】　问战征：卦以《师》名，爻义甚明，可就各爻推究，吉凶自验。
○　问营商：《坤》为财，为聚，《坎》为人，为纳，自有容保之量。坎水在地中，为地所包容，财源如水，流而不息，可知商业之富有也。吉。
○　问功名：水在地中，犹士尚伏处，未显达也，而其德量，自能包容民物，一经进用，如水之朝宗于海，敷施甚广。“君子”者，有德有位之称也。吉。
○　问婚嫁：按《坤》《坎》互用，地水相亲，是必旧亲联姻也。大吉。
○　问疾病：是必水满腹胀之症。《坎》为心，为忧，宜息心调气，解忧取乐，自愈。
○　问六甲：生男。

Judgment
Legge: Discipline indicates that with firm correctness and a leader of age and experience, there will be good fortune and no error.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The Army. The army needs perseverance and a strong man. Good fortune without blame.
Blofeld: Persistence in a righteous course brings to those in authority good fortune and freedom from error. [If the enquiry is not concerned with military affairs, we must interpret this hexagram symbolically in the sense that life is a battle.]
Liu: The Army. The army demands perseverance and a strong person (leader). Good fortune. No blame.
Ritsema/Karcher: Legions: Trial. Respectable people significant. Without fault. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of unorganized crowds or bunches of things. It emphasizes that organizing these things into functional units is the adequate way to handle it. To be in accord with the time, you are told to lead!]
Shaughnessy: The Troops: Determination for the senior man is auspicious; there is no trouble.
Cleary (1): For the leader of the army to be right, a mature person is good; then there is no error.
Wu: The Army indicates persevering. Led by the elder man, it will be auspicious.

The Image
Legge: Water in the midst of the earth -- the image of Discipline. The superior man nourishes and educates the people, and collects from among them a mighty army.
Wilhelm/Baynes: In the middle of the earth is water: the image of The Army. Thus the superior man increases his masses by generosity toward the people.
Blofeld: The symbol of water surrounded by land. The Superior Man nourishes the people and treats them with leniency.
Liu: Water in the earth symbolizes the Army. The superior man increases his followers by benevolence toward the people.
Ritsema/Karcher: Earth center possessing stream. Legions. A chun tzu uses tolerating commoners to accumulate crowds.
Cleary (1): There is water in the earth, The Army. Thus does the superior person embrace the people and nurture the masses.
Cleary (2): … Leaders develop a group by admitting people.
Wu: There is water underneath the ground; this is The Army. Thus the jun zi receives people and shelters them.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Discipline describes the masses who make up the army, and the firm correctness referred to means a morally correct intent. When the leader uses the masses with such correctness, he may fulfill the ruler's will. The focus of strength in the second line is responded to by his proper correlate in the ruler's place. Although action is dangerous, it accords with the best sentiments of men, and although the leader may distress the country the people will still follow
him -- there will be good fortune and no error.
Legge: Discipline is symbolized here by the conduct of a military expedition. The arrangement of the lines suggests the idea of a general surrounded by his troops. The dynamic yang line in the center of the lower trigram has the confidence of the magnetic ruler in the fifth place. Entire trust is reposed in him because he is strong and correct. He is referred to as an old and experienced man, hence all of his enterprises will succeed. Perilousness is the attribute of the lower trigram, and Docility or Accordance with Others, that of the upper. War is like poison to a country -painful, and potentially ruinous, and yet the people will endure it on behalf of the sovereign whom they love and respect.

In regard to the Image, Chu Hsi says: "As the water is not outside the earth, so soldiers are not outside the people. Therefore if a ruler is able to nourish the people, he can get the multitudes for his armies."
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment: Discipline directed by willpower and serious intent advances the
Work. Or: With experienced judgment and proper will and intent there will be a good outcome. The Superior Man trains and nourishes his powers to build an invincible unity. The English word "infantry," meaning foot soldiers (the backbone of any army), is derived from the French word enfant, meaning infant, or child. This ancient association was made because a good military officer was expected to
treat his soldiers as if they were his own children -- with a stern but loving discipline designed to improve their character. This concept is what the Image alludes to when it says: “The superior man nourishes and educates the people, and collects from among them a mighty army.” Psychologically interpreted the idea is that the ego-complex is the general officer in the second line that nourishes, educates and controls the other complexes within the psyche. This can only be accomplished through discipline, and thus I have chosen that name for the hexagram rather than the more usual title of The Army. With the only dynamic line of the hexagram placed in the center of the lower trigram we have an image of the position of the ego-complex in relation to the rest of the psyche. The magnetic ruler in line five represents the Self, isolated from direct physical involvement and dependent upon the dynamic ego to carry out the Work in the material dimension. The seventh hexagram, therefore, shows the Work from the ego's point of view. Hexagram number eight, Holding Together, is the inverse of this image, and shows the Work from the Self's point of view outside of spacetime.
There it is the dynamic fifth line ruler who is the focal point -- an image of the Self surrounded by its satellites. In that dimension the second line ego-complex is only another magnetic complex in the company of other magnetic complexes. Ideally, the lower complexes within the psyche should be magnetic in relation to a dynamic ego, but the ego is always magnetic in relation to the dynamic Self. From the Self's point of view all of its complexes are its magnetic "children," or "infantry." Hexagrams seven and eight should be studied together as reversed images to get a full comprehension of each. The images in the lines of Discipline all deal with the management of
forces as a coordinated whole -- as long as they are under the firm command of the ego (who is only a general carrying out the orders of the Self), things proceed

successfully. If the Discipline breaks down and the ego- general loses control, defeat is certain. Narutomi Hyogo said, "What is called winning is defeating one's allies. Defeating one's allies is defeating oneself, and defeating oneself is vigorously overcoming one's own body. It is as though a man were in the midst of ten thousand allies but not one were following him. If one hasn't previously mastered his mind and body, he will not defeat the enemy."
Yamamoto Tsunetomo -- The Book of the Samurai

周易第七卦初九爻详解
初六爻辞
初六。师出以律，否臧凶。
象曰：师出以律，失律凶也。
白话文解释
初六：整军出战全凭纪律，不遵守纪律就会有凶险。
《象辞》说：整军出战全凭纪律，失去纪律的约束就会带来凶险。

北宋易学家邵雍解
凶：得此爻者，经营得当，则财货日增。但妄动者，成少败多。不良者，多险难刑伤。做官的宜谨守正道，则会得到上级的欣赏。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：失道以求，终受其辱。
财运：海运业务，合义则吉。
家宅：治家以法，否则必凶。
身体：寒多热少，宜早医治。

初六变卦
初六爻动变得周易第19卦：地泽临。这个卦是异卦（下兑上坤）相叠。坤为地，兑为泽，地高于泽，泽容于地。喻君主亲临天下，治国安邦，上下融洽。

初九爻的哲学含义

师卦第一爻爻辞释义
律：军纪，纪律。否(仏)臧(巧叩):不好。这里指不守军纪。
本爻爻辞的意思是：出师征战必须要有严明的纪律，如果军纪混乱必然有凶
从卦象上看，初六属于阴爻居于阳位，又处于下卦坎之中，像才质柔弱、能力很差而不又归正的基层小兵一样。对于这样的小兵，必须严明军纪，严加管束，否则整个军队就会像一盘散沙，没有战斗力。
占得此卦者，如果自己是老板或领导的话，一定要注意严明纪律，人好不如制度好，如果对一切行为活动都制定了准则，并严格按此来执行，那么部下的工作就会井井有条。一定要对下面的人严格约束，不然公司或单位将面临危险。

初六：师出以律，否臧凶。
《象传》曰：师出以律，失律凶也。
此卦内《坎》外《坤》，自内而外曰出。“以”，犹用也。《坎》为律，“律”法律，即号令节制之谓也。初为爻之始，即为出师之始。所谓临事而惧，言当谨其始也。师旅之事，率大众而临危地，国家之存亡，人民之安危系焉，苟纪律不严，人心不协，三军覆败，凶莫大矣。“否”，不也；“减”，善也，与《诗”·卫风》“何用不臧”同训。盖“师出以律”，胜负尚未可预决，故不言吉；至不善用其律，则陷于危险，势必凶矣。《象传》曰“失律凶也”，“否臧”即失律之谓也。一说否，塞也，谓军心隔塞，不得和协；臧藏古字通用，臧即藏字，谓深臧不发，是畏敌也，即使纪律严明，亦必取败。况“否臧”者，必不能“以律”，其凶必矣。此说亦通。
此爻居坎险之始，故以失律为戒，所谓“作事谋始”也。此爻内卦变则为《兑》，坎水变而为泽，停止而不流，是纪律不行之象。
【占】　问功名：初爻者，初出而求名也。“出师以律”为正，犹士之以道为重，失其道，虽荣终辱，凶。
○　问营商：初爻，知为新立之业，水在地中，知为海运商务。总之谋利以义者吉，失义为凶。
○　问家宅：《师》卦内《坎》外《坤》，是宅必坐子兼丑，向午未也。宅中人口最多。出师有律，犹言治家当以法也。否不也，减善也，不善治家，家道必凶。
○　问疾病：《师》卦一阳五阴，是必寒多热少。症在初起，宜延良医调治，否则凶。
【例】　或人以有组织工业会社，募集株金，设定款，请占其社之成否。筮得《师》之《临》。
断曰：此卦九二，一阳统众阴，是必有刚健之人为社长，指挥众人之象。今定款既完全无间，即见规律整肃也。然依此爻辞，此社之盛衰，全在作事之纪律。我国方今集合株金兴会社者，皆以欧美各邦为模范，欧美各邦舟车之便，非本邦之比，是以贩运各种货物，最为适当。凡合众资，购备器械，人力既省，制费亦廉，大得胜利，至于小本营生，独立工业者，无不取败。今我国仿之，欲设立会社，然集合众资，询非易易，且役员从事营业，亦难得其人。故立会社，第一在社长得人，社长得人，则事可成，业可兴；不得其人，即成亦败。今初爻居事之始，未可以定款判吉凶，必俟社长选举既定，方可卜工业之兴废也。

Line-1
Legge: The first line, magnetic, shows the army going forth according to the rules for such a movement. If these be not good, there will be evil.
Wilhelm/Baynes: An army must set forth in proper order. If the order is not good, misfortune threatens.
Blofeld: An army is built up through discipline; without it, corruption leading to disaster occurs.
Liu: An army should be put in correct order. If not, there will be disaster.
Ritsema/Karcher: Legions issuing-forth using ordinance. Obstructing virtue: pitfall. [Ordinance, LU: Law, fixed regulation; regulate by law, divide into right and wrong.]
Shaughnessy: Troops go out in ranks; it is not good; inauspicious.
Cleary (1): The army is to go forth in an orderly manner: Otherwise, even good turns out bad.
Cleary (2): … Negating the good leads to misfortune.
Wu: The army going to war requires strict observance of discipline. When the discipline is not enforced, there will be disaster.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: If the rules aren't observed there will be evil. Wilhelm/
Baynes: Losing order is unfortunate. Blofeld: The disaster indicated in this passage results from a breakdown of discipline. Ritsema/Karcher: Letting-go ordinance: pitfall indeed. Cleary (2): If it loses order, there will be misfortune.
Wu: Lack of discipline means disaster.

Legge: The rules are twofold: First, the war must be justified, and second, that the manner of conducting it, especially at the outset, must be correct.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: At the outset, a righteous cause, as well as a proper method for conducting the war is essential for military success.
Wing: Before you take action, be certain that what you propose is worthwhile, for otherwise you cannot sustain yourself. Be sure as well that you are organized. Without order, your affairs will end in chaos and misfortune. Discipline is the key here.
Editor: There is a certain ambiguity in this line, and an implicit warning to
maintain total awareness. It doesn't tell you that you are right or wrong -- it only makes a general observation: a truism. The image portrays the necessity of a correct hierarchy of forces (ideas, concepts) to attain any goal. (If you don't know the proper sequence of numbers you cannot open a combination lock.) Crudely, make sure you thoroughly understand your situation before taking action. The implication is that you may not apprehend some crucial aspect of the matter at hand, hence need more or better data. In some contexts, "ordinances" or "law" may refer to the laws of nature. Compare with line 6. The senses of the wise man obey his mind, his mind obeys his intellect, his intellect obeys his ego, and his ego obeys the Self.
Katha Upanishad
A. Proper comprehension, organization and discipline is essential for success. Bring order to your thoughts and feelings.
B. Take no action until you are absolutely confident that your strategy is the correct one.

周易第七卦九二爻详解
九二爻辞
九二。在师中，吉无咎，王三锡命。
象曰：在师中吉，承天宠也，王三锡命，怀万邦也。
白话文解释
九二：主帅身在军中指挥，吉利，没有灾难。君王三次颁命嘉奖。
《象辞》说：主帅身在军中指挥，吉利，因为得到上天的宠爱。君王三次颁命嘉奖，因为主帅能怀徕万国。

北宋易学家邵雍解
吉：得此爻者，会遇到贵人，谋事可成。做官的会受到上级的赏识，有升迁之机会。读书人会取得佳绩。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：杰出人才，大受赏识。
财运：谋略出众，领导获利。
家宅：邻里所重；婚姻吉祥。
身体：流动血气，病即舒解。

九二变卦
九二爻动变得周易第2卦：坤为地。这个卦是同卦（下坤上坤）相叠，阴性。象征地（与乾卦相反），顺从天，承载万物，伸展无穷无尽。坤卦以雌马为象征，表明地道生育抚养万物，而又依天顺时，性情温顺。它以“先迷后得”证明“坤”顺从“乾”，依随“乾”，才能把握正确方向，遵循正道，获取吉利。

九二爻的哲学含义

王：君王。锡命：赐命，意思是下令嘉奖。
本爻的爻义是：在军中任统帅，持中不偏可得吉祥，不会有什么灾祸;君王多次赐命嘉奖。
从卦象上看，九二居下卦中位，九二与六五正应，六五为天位或天子位，对九二全力支持，所以会嘉奖九二，并会委以重任。
《象》曰：“在师中吉”，承天宠也;“王三锡命”，怀万邦也。
占得此卦者，要学习召公虎，走得正，行得端，那么就不会有什么灾难，会得到嘉奖与提升了。
九二身为三军主帅，重权在握，自然吉祥没有灾难。能够受此重任，说明天子对他的信任与宠爱。君王对他进行三次赐命，说明君王对他寄予了安邦定国的重望。九二艾与君位的六五艾相应，所以可以得到君王的赐命。在《周礼》中说:“一命受职，再命受服，三命受位。”可见这所赐三命是给予极大的权力。古人认为，这一艾指的便是武王带兵有功而受文王的奖赏，由于此时武王还没有继位，所以还不能称为“君”。

九二：在师中，吉，无咎。王三锡命。
《象传》曰：在师中吉，承天宠也。王三锡命，怀万邦也。
《师》卦，九二为五爻正应，以一阳为众阴所归，乃师中之主将，得专主战伐之权。“在师中”者，谓居军阵之中，又得中正之道；“王三赐命”者，命者恩命，谓邀荷宠遇也。“三”者，言宠赐之频也。此爻以阳居阴，在《师》之中，当互卦《震》之主爻，为居将帅之位。《坎》为智，《震》为勇，以阳爻之德居中，智勇兼备，威信并行，洵足膺元帅之任，即《彖辞》所称“大人”者是也。承六五之君命，统率师众，且得六三之同僚比亲之，初六之众庶比顺之，上下咸相比应，并为参谋，所谓战必克，攻必胜者，惟在此九二之师也。六五之君，倚任既专，宠赐又厚，九二自得专制其权，所谓阃外之事，一以委卿者。其任既隆，其令必行，故成功也易。古来权臣在内，即有坤岳之将，未能克敌者，皆由信任之不专故也。此爻曰“王三赐命”，可见任之专，宠之渥也。《象》曰“承天宠也”，“天”即王也，王而曰天，可知王之明于任贤。《象》曰“怀万邦也”，谓王之所赐命，不在用威，而在用怀，即怀保万民之意也。
此爻变则全卦为《坤》，去坎险，就坤顺，有拨乱反正之象。《地水师》忽变《坤为地》，有拓地开疆之象，此爻为成卦之主，故以《彖》辞“吉无咎”属之也。
【占】　问功名：九二以一阳统率五阴，爻曰“在师中，吉”，是鸡群一鹤，杰出之才也。“王三赐命”，谓以能授爵，显膺王命也。
○　问营商：九二为一卦之主，必其人谋为出众，在商务中称为老成练达，可举为商社之长者也。吉。
○　问家宅：曰“师中吉”，是家必为一乡之巨室，即为一乡之善士也。
○　问婚姻：九二变为《坤》，坤地道也，妻道也，水土之性相合，故吉。
○　问疾病：知为水气停积中宫，必使水气流动，中焦宽舒，病无害也。吉。
○　问六甲：生男。
【例】　明治二十五年十二月，占第五议会，筮得《师》之《坤》。
断曰：此卦九二以一阳统五阴，以人事拟之，则阳刚之教师，教导众阴之子弟，故名此卦曰《师》。以国家拟之，九二为阳刚大臣，入则为相，出则为将，国家有事，则受王命以专征伐，权无旁落，威信并行，谓之“师众也，贞，正也，能以众正，可以王矣”。《易》六十四卦，三百八十四爻中，教导人民，用其威严，保有国家，惟此一爻而已。天命所归，宜上承君令，下顺民心，正大人致身报国之时也。今筮议会，得此爻辞，亦当上承君令，下顺民心，斯议得其中矣。若其议上不能见信于君，下不能见信于民，议必不能行也。
翌二十六年十二月，议会使议长退，是二爻阳变为阴，再次有停止之命；至三次，遂有解散之命，果符此“王三赐命，怀万邦也”之占。呜呼！天命之严确如此，可不畏敬乎！

Line-2
Legge: The second line, dynamic, shows the leader in the midst of the army. There will be good fortune and no error. The king cherishes the myriad regions in his heart.
Wilhelm/Baynes: In the midst of the army. Good fortune. No blame. The king bestows a triple decoration.
Blofeld: The general in the midst of his army enjoys good fortune and is free from error. Thrice he is honored by the King.

Liu: A general works within his army. Good fortune, no blame. The king confers a triple honor.
Ritsema/Karcher: Locating Legions, centering significant. Without fault. The king three-times bestowing fate.
Shaughnessy: In the troops' midst; auspicious; there is no trouble; the king thrice awards the command.
Cleary (1): At the center of the army, good fortune, no error; the king gives orders thrice.
Cleary (2): Being in the middle of the army is lucky, blameless ... etc.
Wu: Being in the center of the army will be auspicious and blameless. The king has thrice bestowed praises upon him.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: He has received the favor of heaven. The king cherishes the myriad regions in his heart. Wilhelm/Baynes: He receives grace from heaven. He has the welfare of all countries at heart. Blofeld: It is because he is esteemed by the King that he enjoys good fortune and the protection of his army. Solicitous about the welfare of the empire, the King thrice awards him the command.
Ritsema/Karcher: Receiving heavenly favor indeed. Cherishing the myriad fiefdoms indeed. Cleary (2): One receives celestial favor. Thinking of all the provinces. Wu: Because he has the favor of the king. The king has in his heart the welfare of all his people.
Legge: The orders of the king are the general's appointment to the command of the army. "Thrice" does not mean that this appointment came three times, but that it was given exclusively to the general with the king's entire confidence. The favor of heaven means the same thing, and indicates that the ruler relies on the general to promote the welfare of all the people in the "myriad regions" of the kingdom.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The king's appointment of command is given to the general exclusively. The latter must be in touch with his troops, sharing the good as well as the ill.
Wing: You are in an excellent position to communicate with others. Because this situation is so well disposed you will meet with good fortune and win recognition from your superiors.
Editor: This is a clear image of the ego taking its proper role in the integration of
the psyche -- bringing thoughts, passions and drives under the discipline of will.

A Kabbalist might interpret the three honors bestowed by "the king" (the Self) as authority conferred in the three lower realms of sensation, emotion and thought. In large scale strategy the superior man will manage many subordinates dexterously, bear himself correctly, govern the country and foster the people, thus preserving the ruler's discipline.
Miyamoto Musashi -- A Book of Five Rings
A. An image of responsible authority -- nourish and control your forces.
B. It is the ego's role to bring autonomous forces within the psyche under the discipline of will.

周易第七卦九三爻详解详解
六三爻辞
六三。师或舆尸，凶。
象曰：师或舆尸，大无功也。
白话文解释
六三：军队出征，有人载尸而归，这是凶险之兆。
《象辞》说：军队出征，有人载尸而归，这是前方吃了败仗。

北宋易学家邵雍解
凶：得此爻者，多有悲优，或家中亲人病故。做官的会受职待缺。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：无德有位，难免于凶。
财运：物耗财损，凶险无比。
家宅：不得安宁，小心为上。
身体：可能归天。

六三变卦
六三爻动变得周易第46卦：地风升。这个卦是异卦（下巽上坤）相叠。坤为地、为顺；巽为木、为逊。大地生长树木，逐渐成长，日渐高大成材，喻事业步步高升，前程远大，故名“升”。

九三爻的哲学含义

师卦第三爻爻辞释义
舆：指车辆。舆尸：指用车辆运载尸体，兵败之状。
此爻的爻义是：不时有士兵从战场上运送战死者的尸体回来，凶险。
从卦象上看，六三属于阴爻居于阳位，才质柔弱又冒进躁动，其处于下卦坎的上端，坎卦象征危险，六三这一爻处于极端危险之中，必须谨防慎守，不可盲目冒进。可是六三却乘于九二之上，意味着不听主帅的安排，违抗军令，轻敌冒进，所以必然大败而归。
《象》曰：“师或舆尸”，大无功也。这句话的意思是说，“士兵不时运送战死者的尸体回来”，说明不能知己知彼，在敌强我弱的情况下，不自量力发动进攻，结果战败，没有任何功绩可言了。
出兵回来，结果车上拉的不是战利品，全是阵亡将士的尸体，怎么能不凶险呢?一方面，肯定是战败而归，刚经历战场上的凶险;另一方面，主帅肯定也饶不了这次出征的将领，这是回来后的凶险。

六三：师或舆尸，凶。
《象传》曰：师或舆尸，大无功也。
“舆尸”者，谓军败而战死者多，载尸于车而归也。此爻内卦变则为《巽》，《巽》为进退，有疑之象，故曰“或”。古语曰，三军之灾，生于狐疑，疑者行军之所大戒也。六三以阴居阳，不中不正，进而无所应，退而无所守，居内卦之极，对外卦之敌，正当交锋接刃之际也。三以柔居刚，如小人之才弱志刚者，窃二之权，而恃强妄进，遂致失律丧师，舆尸而归，谓之“师或舆尸，凶”。《象传》曰“大无功也”，犹曰大败也。军旅之事，信任宜专，二为主帅，三为偏稗，偏稗擅权致败，主帅亦不能辞咎，故曰‘大无功也”。如城濮之战，左师右师败，子玉不败，然子玉帅也，故败师之罪，子玉不免。盖以全卦言之，六爻皆师徒也，独以三言，内卦为先锋，外卦为敌，外卦《坤》为众，敌兵众多也。至四则又以五上为敌；五君位而非敌，是卦爻之变例也。《易》之取象，概如此，学者不可不知。
【占】　问商业：《坎》为舆，舆所以载货物也；《坎》又为陷，为破，舆而遇隘，则舆破而货覆矣。人死谓尸，犹车败物亡也。“或”者未然之辞，“大无功”者，大失利也。行商未必遇此凶险，亦不可不防此凶险也。爻象戒之如此。
○　问功名：“君子得舆”，得为德，舆所以载德而行也。君子有德位之称。或曰，“舆尸”是无德而尸位者也，故凶。
○　问家宅：阴阳家称堪舆，堪天也，舆地也，舆尸是地有尸气，安得不凶！
○　问婚嫁：三爻居《坎》之终，得乾气，《乾》下《巽》上为《小畜》，《小畜》三爻曰“舆脱辐，夫妻反目”，《象》曰“不能正室”，其凶可知。
○　问六甲：虽生男，凶。
【例】　明治三年，横滨商人三名，搭载舶来物品于蒸气船，贩赴箱馆。适际舶来物品匮乏，获利三倍，因再购巨额物品，将往得大利。其一人某氏来请占《损》《益》，筮得《师》之《升》。
断曰：此卦有自水上投土之象，例之商业，其目的未定，混杂不可言也。况今得三爻，足下等以廉价购入目下在东京横滨不通销物品，贩卖于边鄙之地，将得大利。在他商闻之，亦谋置各种物品，多欲争著先鞭。然此不适时之物品，当众人竞争贩运，转必抬价，至箱馆各自竞卖，已为彼地商人所料。将来货到不售，势必跌价，极之贱亦不售，则必转运而归。往复装运，费耗殊大，及至售得，不特无利，反致伤本。其舆物而返，恰如载尸而归也，故不如止。
某氏闻之，大感，遂止北地之行，后果如此占。他商人赴箱馆者，皆多损失。

Line-3
Legge: The third line, magnetic, shows how the army may possibly have many inefficient leaders. There will be evil.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Perchance the army carries corpses in the wagon. Misfortune.
Blofeld: The army carries wagon-loads of corpses -- disaster!
Liu: The army carries corpses. Misfortune. [This is a time of sudden mourning.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Legions maybe carting corpses. Pitfall.
Shaughnessy: Of the troops some join with the corpses; inauspicious.
Cleary (1): The army has casualties; bad luck.
Cleary (2): The army may have casualties; misfortune.
Wu: The army may have to cart back corpses. This will be foreboding.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Possibly the army has idle leaders -- great will be its want of success. Wilhelm/Baynes: This is quite without merit. Blofeld: This indicates a serious defeat. Ritsema/Karcher: The great without achievement indeed. Cleary (2): When the army has casualties, that is a great lack of success.
Wu: Despite its large number, it does not succeed.
Legge: Canon McClatchie translates this as: "Represents soldiers as it were lying dead in their baggage carts, and is unlucky." Line two is the only legitimate leader of the army. Line three is magnetic in a dynamic place, as if she

had jumped over the leader and perched herself above him to take command. In military operations there must be one ruling will and mind. A divided authority is sure to bring failure.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Defeat ensues when others interfere with the authority of the chosen ruler. Divided command is often fatal.
Wing: There is an absence of vision and leadership. Whether it is a matter of divergent goals or whether the acting leader is simply inept, the result is the same: misfortune.
Editor: Psychologically interpreted, this line describes one of the most
fundamental, yet least recognized truths of human consciousness -- the fact that "unity" of awareness is mostly illusory. Indeed, the whole goal of the Work is to actually attain this unity which we think we already possess. Legge's metaphorical equation of "corpses" with "inefficient leaders" is not always apt -in its most neutral interpretation, the line can depict a situation of (as Liu says) "sudden mourning" or overwhelming grief. Man has no individual I. But there are, instead, hundreds and thousands of separate small I's, very often entirely unknown to one another, never coming into contact, or, on the contrary, hostile to each other, mutually exclusive and incompatible ... And each separate small I is able to call itself by the name of the whole, to act in the name of the whole, to agree or disagree, to give promises, to make decisions, with which another I or the whole will have to deal. – Gurdjieff
A. Are you in charge of your thoughts and feelings, or do they make your choices for you?
B. Be on guard against inferior elements within yourself or the situation.
C. Suggests dead weight, useless baggage (beliefs, etc.)

周易第七卦九四爻详解详解
六四爻辞
六四。师左次，无咎。
象曰：左次无咎，未失常也。
白话文解释
六四：军队在左边扎营，没有危险。
《象辞》说：军队在左边扎营，没有危险，因为军队驻扎或左或右，唯视地理环境、敌我形势而定，并没有违背行军常道。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，安居乐业，无妄动之灾。做官的官运不济，不宜妄想。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：官运不济，不宜妄想。
财运：次级货物，尚可获利。
家宅：近东，朝西南吉；入赘无咎。
身体：春生气来，疾病可愈。

六四变卦
六四爻动变得周易第40卦：雷水解。这个卦是异卦（下坎上震）相叠。震为雷、为动；坎为水、为险。险在内，动在外。严冬天地闭塞，静极而动。万象更新，冬去春来，一切消除，是为解。

九四爻的哲学含义

师卦第四爻爻义释义
左：在古代的军队中崇尚右，右是前进，而左则撤退。次：是指驻扎两天以上。《左传》中有这样一句话：“凡师，一宿为舍，再宿为信，过信为次。”这就是对“次”的解释。
这句爻辞的辞义是：率军暂时撤退，免得遭受损失。
我们来看六四这一爻，属于阴爻居于柔位，所以有退避之象。
《象》中对此爻的解释是：“左次无咎”，示失常也。
占得此卦者，应该根据客观情况，及时调整自己的部署，最好能暂时退一退，这是为了更好地实现自己的目标。
这里是告诉人们，打仗不一定非得求胜，当不能取胜时，要懂得退避以保持实力。只有这样，才不会有大的灾难。毛泽东倡导的游击战便体现出这一含义。敌进我退，敌退我扰的战略方针，既保存了自己的战斗实力，又有效地消灭了敌人。古语云，胜败乃兵家常事。但败仗中要懂得保全实力，减少损失。比如诸葛壳六出岐山，都打了败仗，但撤退时巧妙布局，并没有造成大的人员伤亡，保存了战斗力，所以诸葛亮的六出岐山虽然是打了六次败仗，却仍然没有减损诸葛亮用兵如神的光辉形象。

六四：师左次，无咎。
《象传》曰：左次，无咎，未失常也。
左者右之对，不用之地。人手右为便，左为僻，故称不正之术，曰左道，称谪官曰左迁，划策不适，曰左计。“左次”者，谓退舍也。左氏曰“不进曰次”，又曰“凡军三宿为次”，又《易》阳为右，阴为左，六四以爻位俱阴曰左。此爻阴柔而不中，志弱而不能克敌者也。自知不能克敌，量宜而退，克保全师，愈于三爻之覆败者远矣，故“无咎”也。《象传》曰“未失常也”，谓不违“左次”之常道。古语所谓见可而进，知难而退，军政之善也。若可进而退，何得无咎？《易》之发此义，为后世行军不量力而妄进者戒。
【占】　问家宅：四出《坎》历《坤》，《坤》西南，是宅必朝西南。吉事尚左，是宅逼近东方，青龙主喜，吉无咎也。
○　问功名：凡官职下降称左，所谓左迁是也。曰“左次”，不吉。
○　问营商：有高左下，次亦为下，占此爻，知其货财必非高品。然货虽次，尚可获利，故曰“未失常也”。
○　问婚姻：男尚有，女尚左，爻曰“左次”，或者入赘于女家乎？然赘亦无咎。
○　问疾病：按春生于左，得其生气，疾必无咎。
○　问六甲：生女。
【例】　余在热海，会陆军中将某，陆军少将某来游，为亩傍舰归港过迟，占其吉凶如何，筮得《师》之《解》。
断曰：《师》者以一阳统五阴，众阴从一阳之卦也，故曰《师》。六四以在阴位，退避战地而休息，爻曰“无咎”，《象传》曰“未失常也”者，谓其如平常而无事也。今占亩傍舰得此爻，《师》即军舰，“左次”者，有暂退航路之外，而休泊之象；“无咎”者，补过之义，谓修缮舰体，想是此舰，现在碇泊而修理舰体也，不可不速探而谋救助。来月为第五爻之时，其辞曰“长子帅师，弟子舆尸”，长子即大夫，可保无事，弟子谓舰中杂役，恐有灾害。又此爻外卦变则为《震》，坎水之上，见《震》木之浮，亦可知舰体之无事也。
此占一时流传于世，其后以不得该舰踪迹，政府定为沉没者，征保险金百三十万元于法国保险会社，以救恤金给我海军士官及水夫等同舰者之遗族。
余占往往历数年而经验，百占百中，未尝或失。惟《易》三百八十四爻之活断中，独水雷屯之上爻，尝不用辞，用变而偶误也。又此爻虽受不中之评，或由探索之未至邪？又两月间无事，而其后遭遇事变，亦不可知，故此占尚在中不中之间。如此爻，非当今浅学之士所可容喙，后世有笃志《易》学如余者出，始可判断其是非矣。

Line-4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows the army in retreat. There is no error.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The army retreats. No blame.
Blofeld: The army retreats and halts -- no error!
Liu: The army retreats at the proper time. No blame.

Ritsema/Karcher: Legions: the left resting. Without fault.
Shaughnessy: The troops camp on the left; there is no trouble.
Cleary (1): The army retreats and camps, there is no error.
Wu: The army halts its advance and chooses to camp. It will be blameless.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: There has been no failure in the regular course. Wilhelm/
Baynes: It does not deviate from the usual way. Blofeld: No error is involved because retreating and halting are a normal part of military activity. Ritsema/
Karcher: Not-yet letting-go the rules indeed. Cleary (2): One has not lost the constant. Wu: It does not violate the normal course of action.
Legge: Line four is magnetic and not central. Therefore to retreat is natural to her. Since the place is proper for a yielding line, the retreat is correct under the circumstances. Retreat is no evidence of failure in a campaign. When advance would lead to defeat, retreat is the regular course to pursue.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is confronted by a superior enemy. Orderly retreat to preserve the army is his correct course of action.
Wing: The obstacles ahead are insurmountable. Struggling against them is useless. Therefore the intelligent maneuver is retreat.
Editor: Regarded objectively, any withdrawal from an incorrect position can only be a strategy for success. But even when these forces within ourselves are temporarily stronger, when the conscious personality is at first overwhelmed by their violence, the vigilant self is never really conquered. It can retire to an inner fortress and there prepare for and await the favorable moment in which to counter-attack. It may lose some of the battles, but if it does not give up its arms and surrender, the ultimate issue is not compromised, and it will achieve victory in the end.
Roberto Assagioli -- Psychosynthesis
A. Strategic withdrawal is not surrender.

周易第七卦九五爻详解详解
六五爻辞
六五。田有禽，利执言，无咎。长子帅师，弟子舆尸，贞凶。
象曰：长子帅师，以中行也；弟子舆尸，使不当也。
白话文解释
六五：打猎时获得猎物，作战中捕获俘虏，没有灾祸。长子指挥军队，次子战败阵亡，这是凶险的贞兆。
《象辞》说：以长子指挥军队，这是依正道行事。次子战败阵亡，这是因为差遣不当。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，财富日增，若用人得当，则谋望可成，但须谨防小人之危。做官的或有实权，或因为谏言而地位高显。读书人会取得佳绩。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：德胜于才，否则凶险。
财运：老成练达，有利可图。
家宅：利于长子；媒妁而成。
身体：跑步健身。

六五变卦
六五爻动变得周易第29卦：坎为水。这个卦是同卦（下坎上坎）相叠。坎为水、为险，两坎相重，险上加险，险阻重重。一阳陷二阴。所幸阴虚阳实，诚信可豁然贯通。虽险难重重，却方能显人性光彩。

九五爻的哲学含义

师卦第五爻爻辞释义
利执言：是猎捕的说词，田中有野兽，也代指国家有叛乱生事的人，这些是出师的理由，所以把这些理由跟人们说清楚，属于出师有名，这样是没有灾难
从卦象上看，六五爻属于阴爻居于君位，居中不正。阴爻在君位，一般会缺阳刚之气而具备阴柔之德，不会主动发动进攻，主张和平正义，而且对待臣子很谦和，礼贤下士。在这一卦之中，肯定是有敌人来犯，所以属于正义战争。臣子们非常拥护六五，作战热情很高。这里关键的就是六五能不能知人善任了。
对于六五的爻辞，《象》是这样的解释的：“长子帅师”，以中行也;“弟子舆尸”，使不当也。我们看整个爻辞，前面说的是出师有名，是没有灾难的。

六五：田有禽，利执言，无咎。长子帅师，弟子舆尸，贞凶。
《象传》曰：长子帅师，以中行也；弟子舆尸，使不当也。
“田”者，艺禾之地；禽者，鸟兽之总称。“田有禽”者，谓有禽兽来害稼，犹言寇贼来害人民也，故驱逐之，捕获之，不可以不保持防御也。此爻五居尊位，其德柔顺，见有寇贼来犯，执言下命，委任将帅，以主征伐，故曰“利执言”。此爻互卦，变则为艮，艮为手，又为执，即执言之象。九二秉刚中之德，上承天宠，奉辞讨罪，所谓“师出以律”，必有功也，故曰“无咎”。奈何既任长子帅师，复任弟子，以分长子之权，是六五之君，信任不专也。长子指九二，弟子指六三。盖九二刚中有才，其出师也，纪律严明，故吉；六三阴柔不中，无智无谋，是以一败涂地，舆尸而归，故曰“长子帅师，弟子舆尸”。此长子即《彖》辞所谓“大人”也。自《彖》称之曰“大人”，自君命之曰“长子”。《篡言》曰：“凡次子以下，皆长子之弟，曰弟子。”此卦九二为主帅，六三、六四分将一军，举九二、六三，不及六四者，以九二大吉，六三大凶，六四能不失其常，故无咎也。“贞凶”者，谓命将出师，必宜择贤而任，所谓“贞”也，反是则虽贞亦凶。此“贞凶”二字，包括一章之要。此爻因彼来寇，而我讨之，是曲在彼也，是以“无咎”。《象传》“以中行也”者，谓九二之长子，具中行之才德，能奏征讨之功也；“使不当也”者，谓六三阴柔不中之弟子，失律丧《师》，是任使之不当其才也。
【占】　问营商：爻曰“田有禽”，犹言农有谷，商有利也。“执言”者，谓约证之券也。在商业一道，总宜以老成练达者为主，则利，否贝凶。
○　问家宅：此宅想是立约新售者，利在长房，不利众子。
○　问功名：知其人才能素著，有一朝获十禽之技，然要在德长于人，若德劣于物，虽正亦凶。
○　问婚姻：“有禽”者，奠雁之仪；“执言”者，媒的之书。所约之婚，当以长子长女为吉。
○　问六甲：生男，是《震》之长男也。
【例】　明治十八年一月，余以避寒游浴热海，时有朝鲜京城之变，政府将对清廷有所诘责。朝野汹汹，人皆注目使任之谁属，并论辩之何如。余为之占其使命之任，筮得《师》之《坎》。
断曰：“田有禽”者，谓禽来害我禾稼；所谓“长子帅师”者，或者长州男子任其选乎？一曰“长子”，一曰“弟子”，皆使任之人也。当今庙堂中，称老练政事家者，莫如伊藤伯，伯者长州之男子也，“长子”之占，其在此人乎？今回之谈，依“帅师”之言考之，其实际原期平和，然亦不可不预整备，非我有和战两备，意到底难讲平和。此议实一大关系，若让却一步，其破裂也必矣，能弥缝之，使两国不陷于厄难，惟在遣使得其人而已。伊藤伯而当此大任，缓急得宜，必能平和于樽俎之间，毋复疑虑，故曰“以中行也”。“中行”者，《易》之所尚，谓能守中正，得其宜也，即赞美之言。若以他人任之，恐有“使不当”之虞。一“使”字，是民命之生死，国家之安危所系，由其当否，而吉凶成败，实有霄壤之别。今得此卦如此，知《易》之垂诫深矣。现却未可详说，惟推察爻辞，可知其吉凶也。
未几伊藤伯果膺遣清大使之命。

Line-5
Legge: The fifth line, magnetic, shows birds in the fields, which it will be advantageous to seize and destroy. In that case there will be no error. If the oldest son leads the host, and younger men idly occupy offices assigned to them, however firm and correct he may be, there will be evil.
Wilhelm/Baynes: There is game in the field. It furthers one to catch it. Without blame. Let the eldest lead the army. The younger transports corpses; then perseverance brings misfortune.
Blofeld: Wild beasts roam the field. To avoid error, speech should be guarded. The eldest son is in command; the younger son carts away the corpses. Persistence would lead to calamity.
Liu: Much game in the field. It benefits to capture it. No blame. The army is led by the eldest son. The younger son carries corpses. Continuing brings misfortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: The fields possess wild-fowl. Harvesting: holding-on-to words. Without fault. The long-living son conducting Legions. The junior son carting corpses. Trial: pitfall.
Shaughnessy: In the fields there is game; beneficial to shackle prisoners; there is no trouble. The eldest son leads the troops, the younger son carts corpses; determination is inauspicious.
Cleary (1): There are animals in the fields. It is beneficial to take up words. A mature person is to lead the army; if it is an immature person, there will be casualties, for even if he is righteous the outlook is bad.
Cleary (2): … A mature person leads the army. If the leader is immature, there will be casualties, and even if the leader is right, the prospects are bad.
Wu: There are prisoners of war in the field. It will be advantageous to uphold the mission of the military action. No blame. The eldest son commands the army. A younger son carts back corpses. Even with perseverance, it will be foreboding. [The fifth is a ruler’s position, but it is now occupied by a yin. Hence, the occupant becomes a weak administrator. The elder man and the eldest son … refer to the same second nine, the commander.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The army's movements are directed by the oldest son in accordance with his position in the center. The employment of younger men who idly occupy their posts is improper. Wilhelm/Baynes: "Let the eldest lead the army," because he is central and correct. "The younger transports corpses."

Thus the right man is not put in charge. Blofeld: The moving line in the center of the upper trigram indicates that the elder son is in command. The younger son is put in charge of carrying away the corpses because he is unsuited to worthier employment. [This line may refer to the suitability or otherwise of a person required to fill an important post in any sort of organization or in carrying out some scheme.] Ritsema/Karcher: Using centering movement indeed. Commissioning not appropriate indeed. Cleary (2): A mature person leads the army, with balanced action. The immature sustain casualties because their mission was not appropriate. Wu: His orders are given from the center. Because the appointment is a poor choice.
Legge: In line five we have an intimation of the important truth that only defensive war, or war waged by the rightful authority to put down rebellion and lawlessness is right. The birds in the fields symbolize parties attacking for plunder. The fifth line symbolizes the ruler, who is humble and magnetic, and in the center. She cedes the use of all her power to the general in line two. Line two
is the "oldest son" and lines three and four are the younger brother and son -- i.e., the younger men who would cause evil if allowed to share the command. In military operations there must be one ruling will and mind. A divided authority is sure to be a failure.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Invasion occurs. A seasoned soldier is chosen to lead the army to victory and to prevent needless slaughter of the defeated people.
Wing: Rely on an experienced person to lead the way in correcting the situation. He must be moderate in his behavior and not over reactive, for this would lead to misfortune. Inexperienced and enthusiastic persons are now inappropriate for the job of deliberate and controlled leadership.
Editor: This line contains ambiguities, yet the general image is clear enough. It is a re-statement of lines two and three: a strong leader is essential for success. Nevertheless, all except Legge's translation contain a final sentence stating that perseverance leads to misfortune, which seems to contradict the earlier advice to "pursue the game." As written, it is not clear whether this applies to the situation in general or only in the case of incompetent leadership. If this is the only changing line, the hexagram thus created is number twenty-nine, Danger -suggesting that you carefully examine the situation at hand, consolidate your control and advance cautiously. Know you not that the thing is a warfare? One man’s duty is to mount guard, another must go out to reconnoiter, a third to battle; all cannot be in one place, nor would it even be expedient. But you, instead of executing your Commander's orders, complain if aught harsher than usual is enjoined; not understanding to what condition you are bringing the army, so far as in you lies. If all were to follow your example, none

would dig a trench, none would cast rampart around the camp, none would keep watch, or expose himself to danger; but all turn out useless for the service of war. Thus it is here also. Every life is a warfare, and that long and various. You must fulfill a soldier's duty, and obey each order at your commander's nod: aye, if it be possible, divine what he would have done: for between that Commander and this, there is no comparison, either in might or in excellence.
Epictetus
A. There is work to be done, but if you allow inferior elements to influence your judgment, disaster will ensue.

周易第七卦上九爻详解详解
上六爻辞
上六。大君有命，开国承家，小人勿用。
象曰：大君有命，以正功也；小人勿用，必乱邦也。
白话文解释
上六：国君颁发命令，有人被封为诸侯，享有封国，有人被封为大夫，享有采邑。但是不要重用无才无德的小人。
《象辞》说：国君颁发封赏功臣的命令，这是论功行赏。不要重用无才无德的小人，因为小人必定覆国乱邦。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，可立家计，或继承家业，但谨防小人从中作梗。做官的会当权立功。专业人才则会技艺成名。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：论功行赏，勿做小人。
财运：因富致贵，须防小人。
家宅：家道兴旺；贵人做媒。
身体：正常运动。

上六变卦
上六爻动变得周易第4卦：山水蒙。这个卦是异卦（下坎上艮）相叠，艮是山的形象，喻止；坎是水的形象，喻险。卦形为山下有险，仍不停止前进，是为蒙昧，故称蒙卦。但因把握时机，行动切合时宜，因此，具有启蒙和通达的卦象。

上九爻的哲学含义

 师卦第六爻爻辞释义
大君：是君王，天子。国：是指诸候的领地，也就是把有功的人封为诸候，
赏给领地;家：是大夫的领地，是指把功臣封为大夫，赏给领地。
本爻的爻义是指：凯旋而归，天子颁布了诏命，分封功臣，或封为诸侯，或封为上卿，或封为大夫，但小人绝不可以重用。
上六这一爻，是指作战结束，班师回朝，开始论功行赏了，这一爻主要指示了该如何封赏作战的将士。
占得此卦者，若是老板或领导，员工或下级做出了成绩或贡献，一定要按功行赏。但是，在嘉赏小人时要注意方式。
这里讲的便是武王灭纣而分封诸侯的情景。此时武王已经登基为天子，成为众诸侯的盟主，所以称为“大君”。“开国承家”，便是分封各位有功的将领及谋士。武王封赏第一个谋士是姜子牙，姜子牙被称为周师齐祖，因为他是齐国的幵国领袖，所以是“齐袓”。建立了新的政权，最应该注意的是“小人勿用”。

上六：大君有命，开国承家，小人勿用。
《象传》曰：大君有命，以正功也。小人勿用，必乱邦也。
“大君”指六五之君；“有命”谓论功行赏；“开国”，谓新封建诸侯也；“承家”，谓使之为卿大夫也。此爻外卦变则为艮，艮为门阙，有家之象；《坤》为土，有国之象。上爻居上卦之极，在师武功之终，即战定功成，旋凯行赏之时也。九二主帅，首功也，以“开国”封之；六四“左次”与有功也，以“承家”赏之；六三以柔居阴，舆尸败北，是小人也，诫勿复用；上六在大君左右，于师无所事，然在内而参赞王命，以尽将将之道，功亦大焉，故赏亦同之。审其功之大小，辨其罪之轻重，赏必公，罚必行，是皆大君之命也，故曰“以正功也”。若夫汇缘以邀功，遮饰以免罪，则非九五之命，是失其正矣。至于小人在军旅中，或以驰驱而效力，或以勇敢而获胜，未始无功也，但当赏以金帛禄位，不可使“开国承家”，以杜后患。《象传》曰，“小人勿用，必乱邦也”，戒之深矣。此爻居上卦《坤》之极，伏卦为《乾》，大君之象。下卦《坎》为盗，盗即小人，故以“勿用”警之。
【占】　问家宅：爻曰“大君有命，开国承家”，知是家必是阀阅巨室也。“小人勿用”，为其后嗣戒也。
○　问营商：上六辰在巳，得《巽》气，《巽》为商，“近利市三倍”，此家必由商业兴家。《巽》又为命，爻曰“大君有命”，又将因富致贵，家道日隆。但因富生骄，比呢小人，所宜戒也。
○　问功名：上六居卦之终，谓当论功用赏之时，正见功名显赫。在《震》之长子，自能克家，惟《坎》中男为不可用也，故曰：小人勿用”。
○　问婚姻：《师》三至六为《坤》，《坤》妻道也。爻曰“开国承家”，两姓俱是巨室；曰“大君有命”，媒的必是贵人。吉。
○　问六甲：生男，主贵。
【例】　某贵显罹胃癌之病，余访问之，适有元老院议官三人在坐。议官问余曰：此君维新际与元老诸公，同有伟功，他人俱邀爵位恩典，此君独未得其荣，今患大病，恐罹不测，我辈以朋友谊，将以此有请于君，未知得达其愿否？请占一卦。筮得《师》之《蒙》。
断曰：此公有功于国家，人之所知，朝廷必有以酬之，固不俟言。今此卦曰“大君有命”，知爵位之赐，即在此数日内也。
后果六日，承赐男爵恩典。
（附言）六十四卦中，《师》、《比》、《同人》、《大有》、《随》、《蛊》、《渐》、《归妹》八卦，谓之归魂，人若占命数，而得此卦，上爻为命尽之时。《系辞传》曰“原始反终，可知死生之说”，由此卦而知其终也。盖人之生死，有正命非命之别。心魂之依附肉体，譬如人身之寄寓家宅也。心神脱离肉体，犹家宅之借限已满也，魂去身死，谓之正命；限期未满，或家宅破坏，遂臻疾病，其他非常灾眚，肉体已殪，心魂遽绝者，谓之非命。欲救此非命之死，恐良医亦无可如何也。三百八十四爻中，得正命而死者，惟此八爻而已。鸣呼！人之死生，亦可哀矣。

Line-6
Legge: The sixth line, magnetic, shows the great ruler delivering his charges, appointing some to be rulers of states, and others to undertake the headship of clans. But inferior men should not be employed in such positions.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The great prince issues commands, founds states, vests families with fiefs. Inferior people should not be employed.
Blofeld: The mandate is given to a great prince so that the work may go forward satisfactorily. A man of mean ability would be useless, for he would merely spread disorder through the realm.
Liu: The king issues directives, establishes states, and awards fiefs to certain families. Inferiors should not be given power.
Ritsema/Karcher: The Great Chief possesses fate. Disclosing the city, receiving a dwelling. Small People, no availing-of.
Shaughnessy: The great man's lord has a mandate, to open the state and uphold the families; the little man should not use it.
Cleary (1): The great leader has orders, to establish states and families; do not employ petty people.
Cleary (2): A great leader has orders to establish states and families that continue. Small people are not to be employed.
Wu: The great king has given his order. This is the time to reconstruct the nation and resettle families. Little men should not be appointed to office.

COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The ruler rightly apportions merit. Inferior men are sure to throw the states into confusion. Wilhelm/Baynes: In order to reward merit properly. Because they are certain to cause confusion in the country. Blofeld: We cannot now rely on anyone of less than exceptional ability. Ritsema/
Karcher: Using correcting achieving indeed. Necessarily disarraying the fiefdoms indeed. Cleary (2): Appropriate achievement. They will disrupt the nation. Wu: Merits should be recognized. Because they will certainly cause upheavals in the nation.
Legge: Other ways can be found to reward inferior men. They ought not to be placed in situations where the conditions of others will depend on them.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Victory is achieved. The king rewards his supporters. But he is careful to compensate inferior people with money instead of land or ruling privileges. Otherwise power is abused by them.
Wing: Your aim is achieved. When settling into the new situation be certain to align your proprieties to worthwhile values. Inferior persons and ideas should be assigned to their proper places. Do not give them a voice in your affairs.
Editor: The imagery of this line is that of establishing a new order: a sorting out and allocation of forces to their correct places. Proper allocation demands keen discrimination. The meaning is similar to that of line 1, except that here one uses the discriminating faculty after the action has been completed, whereas in line 1, action has yet to commence. Lines 1 and 6 are like "bookends" holding the hexagram together; reminding us that discipline is required both before and after any meaningful change can be fixed in spacetime. All the nations will be assembled before him and he will separate men one from another as the shepherd separates sheep from goats. He will place the sheep on his right hand and the goats on his left. Then the King will say to those on his right hand, "Come, you whom my father has blessed, take for your heritage the kingdom prepared for you since the foundation of the world.” -- Matthew 25: 32-35
A. Image of a judicious division of labor: a meritocracy.
B. "Accentuate the positive, eliminate the negative."
C. Allocate your energy intelligently: Evaluate your options so that your choices are based on the best interests of the Work.
May 31, 2001, 4/23/06