33 · 天山遁

遁卦原文

遁。亨。小利贞。

象曰：天下有山，遁。君子以远小人，不恶而严。

白话文解释

遁卦：通达。小有利之占问。

《象辞》说：本卦上卦为乾，乾为天，下卦为艮，艮为山，天下有山，天高山远，是遁卦的卦象。君子观此卦象，从而不用以恶报恶的方法对付小人，而是采取严厉的态度，挂冠悬笏，自甘退隐，远离小人。

《断易天机》解

遁卦乾上艮下，为乾宫二世卦。卦下阴爻逐渐生长，是阳道将衰，恶事将起之兆，说明小人欲制君子，此时君子处于退避的状态。

北宋易学家邵雍解

逃避退隐，盛极必衰；言行严禁，待机再举。

得此卦者，宜退不宜进。退守可以保身，若轻举妄动则会招灾。宜谨言慎行，待机行事。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解

时运：最好退隐，君子有吉。

财运：物价涨跌，相去甚远。

家宅：须防作祟；婚姻不宜。

身体：避居吉地。

传统解卦

这个卦是异卦（下艮上乾）相叠。乾为天，艮为山。天下有山，山高天退。阴长阳消，小人得势，君子退隐，明哲保身，伺机救天下。

大象：山在天之下，阴渐长，而阳渐消，宜退避三舍。

运势：小人道长，君子道消，凡事宜退不宜进，穷则独善其身，修身养性。

事业：时运不佳，应考虑退隐，勿与不正派的人同流合污。但不是消极逃避，而是为保存实力，总结经验，把握时机，待机而出。切忌贸然行事，造成不必要的损失。同时勿为眼前小利禄所诱惑。

经商：市场进入衰落的状况，行情不佳。决不可执意追求，盲目投入，而应沉着冷静，坚持商业道德，远离小人、奸商，保存自己的实力，等待市场行情好转，再图发展。

求名：明哲保身，甘居退隐。全力总结提高，为复出做准备。

婚恋：勿急于解决，更不可妄动强求。时机成熟时，须以纯正的态度去正确对待。

决策：处于衰败时期，小人得志。盲目行动必遭不利。虽不必以恶报恶，但更不可同流合污，因小失大，因权宜轻重，韬光养晦，保存实力，断然离去，不可犹豫不决。潜心发展个人实力，隐忍待机。只要能坚定正道，坚持中正，必可在时机成熟时复出，成就大业。

第三十三卦的哲学含义

遁卦卦象，天山遁卦的象征意义

遁卦，是异卦相叠，下卦为艮，上卦为乾。从卦象来看，乾为天，艮为山。天下有山，山高天退。阴长阳消，小人得势，君子退隐，明哲保身，伺机救天若从另一个角度来看，艮为下卦，具有静止的意思，并不是隐退。而是喻指形势不利，要注意收敛自己的言行，与人和善相处。艮在乾卦之后，想要前进，被强大的乾卦挡住了去路，这时若是强行通过，肯定要经过一番拼杀，可是艮却不是乾的对手，明显会失利。所以为了保存实力，艮暂时停止，采取了回避的方遁卦在恒卦之后，《序卦》这样解释道：“物不可以久居其所，故受之以遁。遁者，退也。”恒卦以恒久为主旨，到了下一步则是退让，以便再度进取。

《象》中这样解释道：天下有山，遁；君子以远小人，不恶而严。

这里指出，遁卦的卦象是艮（山）下乾（天）上，为天下有山之表象，象征着隐让退避。因为山有多高，天就有多高，似乎山在逼天，而天在步步后退，但天无论怎样后退避让，却始终高踞在山之上。君子应同小人保持一定的距离，以傲然不可侵犯的态度截然划清彼此的界限，这样一来，就自然而然会生出一种震慑住小人的威严来。

遁卦所要启示的道理是遁世救世，它不同于小蓄、大蓄中倡导的陷居蓄德，也不同于随卦之中的顺从为人，与谦卦所中所倡导的内修谦和的性格也不同，它倡导的是：人在特殊环境下的一种主动的生存方式，讲求和善下处，适时进退。暂时的停止或妥协，是为了日后能够成功，此时的遁世，目的是将来能更好地救世。

遁卦象征退避，属于下下卦。遁也是消息卦，代表六月。《象》中这样来评断此卦：浓云蔽日不光明，劝君且莫出远行，婚姻求财皆不利，提防口舌到门

2 33.天山遁(䷠)-高岛易断

2.1 遁：亨，小利贞。

2.2 《彖传》曰：遁，亨，遁而亨也。刚当位而应，与时行也。小利贞，浸而长也。遁之时义大矣哉！

2.3 《大象》曰：天下有山，遁，君子以远小人，不恶而严。

2.4 初六：遁尾，厉。勿用有攸往。

2.5 六二：执之用黄牛之革，莫之胜说。

2.6 九三：系遁，有疾，厉。畜臣妾，吉。

2.7 九四，好遁，君子吉，小人否。

2.8 九五：嘉遁，贞吉。

2.9 上九：肥遁，无不利。

遯：亨。小利贞。

《彖》曰：遯亨，遯而亨也。刚当位而应，与时行也。小利贞，浸而长也。遯之时义大矣哉！

《象》曰：天下有山，遯。君子以远小人，不恶而严。

Judgment

Legge: Retreat means successful progress. Advantage comes from firm correctness and attention to details.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Retreat. Success. In what is small, perseverance furthers.

Blofeld: Yielding. Success! Persistence in small things wins advantage. [Much of the teaching of the Book of Change is concerned with the wisdom of restraint or withdrawal as the best way of achieving our goal under certain circumstances; so this hexagram is not necessarily unfavorable to the wise. This is not a time when we can hope to achieve much; but attention to small matters will stand us in good stead later.]

Liu: Retreat. Success. To persist in small matters is of benefit.

Ritsema/Karcher: Retiring, Growing. The small: Harvesting Trial. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of conflict and consequent seclusion. It emphasizes that withdrawing from the affairs at hand to conceal yourself in obscurity is the adequate way to handle it. To be in accord with the time, you are told to: retire!]

Shaughnessy: Wielding: Receipt; little beneficial to determine.

Cleary (1): Withdrawal is developmental. The small is beneficial and correct.

Cleary (2): Withdrawal is successful. Small benefit is correct.

Wu: Retreat indicates pervasion. It will be advantageous for the little men to be persevering.

The Image

Legge: A mountain beneath the sky -- the image of Retreat. The superior man keeps inferior men at a distance by his dignified bearing rather than hostility.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Mountain under heaven: the image of Retreat. Thus the superior man keeps the inferior man at a distance, not angrily but with reserve. [He does not hate him, for hatred is a form of subjective involvement by which we are bound to the hated object.]

Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes mountains beneath the sky. The Superior Man, by keeping his distance from men of inferior character, avoids having to display wrath and preserves his dignity. [The component trigrams, symbolizing mountain and sky, indicate withdrawal to a solitary place when circumstances are unfavorable.]

Liu: The mountain beneath the sky symbolizes Retreat. The superior man keeps his distance from the inferior, not with anger, but with dignity.

Ritsema/Karcher: Below heaven possessing mountain. Retiring. A chun tzu uses distancing Small People. A chun tzu uses not hating and-also intimidating.

Cleary (1): There are mountains under heaven, which is inaccessible. Thus do superior people keep petty people at a distance, being stern without ill will.

Cleary (2): … Being strict without ill will. [Petty people can be useful, so there is no ill-will, but their pettiness cannot wield authority, so be strict. In terms of learning to be a sage, the celestial ruler is the master, and the physical body takes orders from it, so that the desires of the various parts of the body cannot cause disturbance.]

Wu: There is a mountain under heaven; this is Retreat. Thus the jun zi distances himself from the little men, not because of despising them, but because of maintaining his own esteem. [The difference between the jun zi and the little men is one of education and not of birth. Confucius was a teacher first and a philosopher second, for he said: “Education is classless.” Every one of us has the potential of becoming a sage.]

COMMENTARY

Confucius/Legge: There is progress in Retreat. The dynamic ruler in the fifth place receives a proper response from his correlate in line two. The action is in accordance with the requirements of the time because what is inferior is gradually increasing and advancing. The actions required during a Retreat are of great significance.

Legge: Retreat is the hexagram of the sixth month when the yin influence, represented by the two magnetic lines, has established a foothold. This suggests the growth of inferior and unprincipled men in the state, before whose advance superior men are obliged to retire. Yet the auspice of Retreat is not all bad. By firm correctness the threatened evil may be arrested to some extent. Ch'eng-tzu

says: “Below the sky is the mountain. The mountain rises up below the sky, and its height is arrested, while the sky goes up higher and higher, till they come to be apart from each other. In this we have an emblem of retiring and avoiding.”

Anthony: The correct time for retreat comes when others are not receptive to us, when delicacy of feeling is lost, when we begin to be attacked by doubt, or when our actions no longer yield progress. The person who can hold his ego in check has many creative moments open to him.

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES

Judgment: When carried out with shrewd discernment, Retreat is a strategy for success. The Superior Man removes himself from disintegrating forces without calling attention to himself. He controls his weaknesses by maintaining his serious purpose. With the possible exception of line two, there is very little ambiguity in the hexagram of Retreat. Without changing lines it is a clear injunction to remove yourself from an inferior situation, influence, emotion or way of thinking. The figure has certain affinities with hexagram number forty- four: Temptation which also depicts an inferior element encroaching from below. To yield is to be preserved whole.

Lao-tse

SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION

Compare hexagrams number forty-four, Temptation; number thirtythree, Retreat; and number twelve, Divorcement; in that order. What are the next three logical hexagrams in the sequence, and what are the implications of the series as a whole?