26 · 山天大畜

大畜卦原文

大畜。利贞，不家食，吉。利涉大川。

象曰：天在山中，大畜。君子以多识前言往行，以畜其德。

白话文解释

大畜卦：吉利的贞兆。不食于家，食于朝廷，吉利。筮遇此卦，有利于涉水渡河。

《象辞》说：内卦为乾为天，外卦为艮为山，太阳照耀于山中，万物摄取阳光雨露，各遂其生，这是大畜的卦象。君子观此卦象，从而广泛地了解古人的嘉言善行，来培养自己的德行。

《断易天机》解

大畜卦艮上乾下，为艮宫二世卦。畜为积蓄之意，艮为止，提示人们要停止下来积蓄力量，多主吉。

北宋易学家邵雍解

以阳畜阴，制止欲进；坚守正道，先凶后吉。

得此卦者，宜坚守正道，脚踏实地，务实行事，方可成就大业。切勿骄傲自满，目空一切。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解

时运：守静二年，方可展运。

财运：暂时株守，良机必至。

家宅：家业日隆；婚姻大吉。

身体：健康有力。

传统解卦

这个卦是异卦（下乾上艮）相叠。乾为天，刚健；艮为山，笃实。畜者积聚，大畜意为大积蓄。为此不畏严重的艰难险阻，努力修身养性以丰富德业。

大象：天之大而在山之中，以小阻大，以阴畜阳，为止为养。

运势：处事不可好高骛远，宜脚踏实地，可成大业，忌目空一切。

事业：务必端正行为，修养德行。行为应大胆、果断，但需适可而止，注意休整，决不可冒险闯进。宜注意吸收前人的经验教训，有所畏而不行，否则必有危害。再取得成就之后，应适可而止，不可贪图眼前小利而走向反面。

经商：本着循序渐进的原则，把握正当的商业道德，会有重大收获。此时，切忌贪心不足，而应见机而退，保守事业，深思熟虑，再图发展，一味自信冒进，决不可取。

求名：注意积累学问，提高德行，勿三天打鱼两天晒网，持之以恒，且以学问、知识报效国家，抱负终将实现。

婚恋：顺利。建立在共同勤俭持家的基础上，相互坦诚而待，美满幸福。

决策：蓄财的人，但决不可抱投机取巧心理，得靠个人诚实工作，多动心机，真诚与他人合作，共创事业，困难时仍应持正道，尤其不可粗心大意，牢记成就大阻力也大的道理。

第二十六卦的哲学含义

大畜卦卦象，山天大畜卦的象征意义

大畜卦，此卦是异卦相叠，乾在下，艮在上。乾为天，刚健；艮为山，笃实。畜者积聚，有积蓄和停止两种含义。大畜意为大积蓄。

大蓄卦与小蓄卦都有蓄养的意思，其不同的是，小畜的卦象是“”，是以孤阴畜止群阳，阳盛而阴衰，一个阴爻养五个阳爻，力量不足，不得不暂时停顿，积蓄力量。由此喻指处于乱世的贤能之士生不逢时，只好消极隐退，畜德积学，独善其身。大畜则不同，大畜象征大量的畜养积聚，如同大山蕴藏天下万物，所畜至为广大，喻指治世的明君要畜养贤士，利用人才来成就大业。

大畜卦位于无妄卦之后，《序卦》之中说道：“有无妄然后可畜，故受之以大畜。”不虚妄是真诚而实在的，由此培养内涵，然后可以大有积蓄。

《象》对此卦的解释是：天在山中，大畜；君子以多识前言往行，以畜其德。

《象》中指出大畜卦的卦象是乾（天）下艮（山）上，为天被包含在山里之表象，象征大量的畜养积聚；君子效法这一精神，应当努力更多地学习领会前代圣人君子的言论和行为，以此充实自己，培养美好的品德和积聚广博的知识。大畜卦启示了止而不止的道理，属于中上卦。《象》中这样来断此卦：忧愁常锁两眉头，千头万绪挂心间，从今以后防开阵，任意行而不相干。

26.山天大畜(䷙)-高岛易断

“大畜”为卦，下《乾》上《 艮》，《乾》，健也，《艮》，止也，畜亦止也。大对小而言：《小畜》《巽》在《乾》上，五阳一阴，以一阴畜《乾》三阳，《巽》体柔顺，其力不固，故为《小畜》；《大畜》二阴四阳，《艮》体笃实，能厚其储，故为《大畜》。《杂卦传》曰，“大畜时也”，《大畜》以《艮》畜《乾》者也，《乾》之纯阳，进而不止，而《大畜》能畜之，若不欲其进者，时未可也。不惟其止，惟其动，健而又动，《无妄》所以为灾也；不惟其动，惟其止，健而能止，《大畜》所以为时也。《序卦》曰：“有无妄然后可畜，故受之以《大畜》。”此《大畜》之所以次于《无妄》也。

大畜：利贞。不家食，吉。利涉大川。

《大畜》以阳畜《乾》，得其正也，止而畜之，利于用也，故曰“利贞”。外卦《艮》，《艮》为居，有家之象；三、四、五互《震》，《震》为百谷，有食之象；二、三、四互《兑》，《兑》口在外，有“不家食”之象；内卦《乾》，初为《震》，《震》为行，有“利涉”之象；《乾》二为《坎》，有“大川”之象。畜其德以用于朝，养以鼎烹，故曰“不家食，吉”；畜其材以济于时，用以舟楫，故曰“利涉大川”。畜之义，不特为止，又为养也，为蕴也。止则止其健，养则育其德，蕴则储其材。“不家食，吉”，有以收养贤之效；“利涉大川”，有以见济世之功。

《 彖传》曰：大畜，刚健，笃实，辉光，日新其德。刚上而尚贤，能止健，大正也。不家食，吉，养贤也。利涉大川，应乎天也。

《大畜》，以《艮》畜《乾》，畜之大者也。乾为天，天德刚健；《艮》为山，山体笃实；《乾》为大明，有辉光，《艮》为星斗，亦有辉光。以《艮》畜《乾》，则所谓“刚健，笃实，辉光”，不必分为《乾》为《艮》，要皆在此《大畜》中也。是以光华发越，盛德日新，此卦之所以曰《大畜》也。《艮》阳居上，故曰“刚上”；《 艮》止能畜，故曰“尚贤”。《乾》健难止，《巽》不能止，其畜故小；《艮》能止之，其畜乃大。《艮》之所以能止，在得其正，故曰“大正也”。“大正”即“利贞”。下变《震》为《颐》，《颐》，《彖传》曰“养贤”，《象》曰“观其所养”，知必不在家食也。上变《坎》为《需》，《需》，《彖》曰“利涉”，先曰“位乎天位”，知其能“应乎天”也。故《艮》能止，亦能育，斯贤乐得其用矣；《艮》能止，亦能通，斯险无不可济矣。

以此卦拟人事，《彖》辞首曰“利贞”，“利”，和也，“贞”，正也，和且正，为人事之至要也。卦德以止畜健，以静畜动，是畜之大者也，故《彖传》曰“大正也”。盖畜之道，全在“大正”，有此“大正”，斯能有此《大畜》，所谓君子正己以正人者，即此道也。“刚健”者天之德，“笃实”者山之性，人能法山之性，以畜天德，斯德性充实，而辉光发越，自见日进而无疆矣。卷之则藏于一心，放之则发为万事，以此而“不家食，吉”，即家食亦吉；以此而不涉险利，即涉险亦利，是人事而应乎天者也。六爻内三爻为《乾》，欲健进而为《艮》所畜止也；外三爻为《艮》，以能止，而畜《乾》之健也。是以初爻惧危而自“已”；二爻不可而随止，三爻“往”矣，而犹能惕以“艰”，如人事步步留余，不令躁进也；四以畜初，“童牛”加牿，畜之尚 易也；五以畜二，“豮豕之牙”，畜之得其要也；上以畜三，三既利“往”，则云霄直上，以不畜为畜也，如人事之般般谨慎，各合机宜也。盖凡人之作事，一于健则过之，一于止则不及，过则偾事，不及则不足以成事。孔子于求之退曰进之，于由之兼人曰退之，其深得《 艮》止之义也夫！

以此卦拟国家，上卦为政府，秉《艮》山之性，止而不动，下卦为人民，挟《乾》健之性，欲急谋国家之进步，将进而犯上，而六五之君，得六四上九之辅翼，同心合志，以抑止下民刚强锐进之为，此畜之所以为大也。六五之君，温恭而能“尚贤”，与上九阴阳相比，言听计从，爻辞所谓“豮豕之牙，吉”也。上九身任天下之重，共天位，治天职，食天禄，以上畜三，其畜愈大而愈正，故曰“何天之衢，亨”也。六四处《艮》之始，履得其位，与上九同受六五之命，以四畜初，初阳尚稚，故曰“童牛之牿，元吉”也。盖内卦三阳，其性虽健，皆能受外卦之畜止，故初阳犹微，知进而有危，不待畜而自止；二得中，与五正应，知五处畜盛，未可犯也，能遇难而止，故“无尤”；三受上之畜，畜之极也，畜极则通，其德已成，可以进矣，故曰“良马逐”也。国家当此之时，君臣一德，在下免躁进之患，在上无窃位之讥。六五之君曰“吉”，有度也；上九之臣，曰“道大行也”，应天顺人，诚千载一时之会也，非夫圣人之畜，不克臻此。

通观此卦，六爻专言畜止之义。初九抱刚健之德，初阳尚微，能受六四之畜，知难而自止者也，故有“有厉利己”之辞。九二履得其中，有知时之明，知其功之不可遽成，止而不行者也，故有“舆脱輹”之辞。九三以阳居阳，志刚而才强，未免锐进之嫌，惟“艰贞”自处，见可进而进，则可以济世，又可以保身也，故有“利艰贞，利有攸往”之辞。六四当《大畜》之任，处《艮》之始，能止《乾》阳之初泄，故曰“童牛之牿”。六五处得尊位，制恶有道，柔能制刚，是以吉也，故曰“豮豕之牙”。上九所谓“刚上而尚贤”者也，居通显之地，体至公之道，舍己从人，以汲引从贤，此《大畜》之义，君子之道大行之时也，故曰“何天之衢，亨”。总之，初九居《乾》之始，其阳犹稚，故称曰“童牛”，戒其进也。九二以刚居柔，位刚势弱，故不能进也。九三纯秉《乾》德，《乾》为马，故称曰“良马”，又恐其径进也。君子之难进如此！

《大象》曰：天在山中，大畜，君子以多识前言往行，以畜其德。

此卦《乾》天居《 艮》山之中，谓山中蕴畜一天地之象，其道含宏，其义深远，譬如君子方寸中，蕴畜三才之道义，古今之事理，广见洽闻，以之日新其德业也。夫“前言”者，训诰流传，德之华也；“往行”者，功业炳著，德之实也。嘉言懿行，皆德之散见者也，君子之学道也，考其遗迹，观其用，以身体之，以心验之，因其言而默识其所以言，因其行而默识其所以行，以畜成我德，此德所以日积而日大也，故曰“多识前言往行，以畜其德”也。

【占】　问战征：宜养精蓄锐，乘时而动，自然战无不克，攻无不利，定获大胜。

○　问时运：目下心意纵奢，未可动也，必待二年后，运来福至，如骏马腾空，往无不利。

○　问营商：暂宜株守，近则三月，远则三年，自得逐渐推广，日积月新，利源不竭，大有庆也。

○　问家宅：宅居宜近山，或在岭上，或在谷中，必是素封之家。近来声名显达，家业日隆，大吉之兆。

○　问功名：少年意气轩昂，未免稍有阻抑，至三十岁后，一举成名，云霄直上，为国为家，经纶焕著，诚大用之材也。

○　问六甲：生男，且主贵。

○　问讼事：始被屈抑，后得申理。

○　问疾病：占得初爻至五爻，皆吉，上爻则恐寿源有阻。

○　问婚姻：大吉。

Judgment

Legge: Controlled Power means being firm and correct. If its subject doesn't enjoy his family revenues at the expense of public service, there will be good fortune. It will be advantageous to cross the great stream.

Wilhelm/Baynes: The Taming Power of the Great. Perseverance furthers. Not eating at home brings good fortune. It furthers one to cross the great water.

Blofeld: The Great Nourisher favors righteous persistence. Good fortune results from not eating at home. It is a favorable time for crossing the great river (sea). [I.e. going on a long journey, perhaps abroad.]

Liu: Taming the Great Powers. Persistence benefits. Not to eat at home is good fortune. It is of benefit to cross the great water.

Ritsema/Karcher: Great Accumulating. Harvesting Trial. Not dwelling, taking-in. Significant. Harvesting: wading the Great River. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of an overriding concern that defines what is valuable. It emphasizes that bringing the variety of things under the control of this central idea is the adequate way to handle it...]

Shaughnessy: Great Storage: Beneficial to determine; not eating at home is auspicious; beneficial to ford the great river.

Cleary (1): In Nurturance of the Great it is beneficial to be chaste. It is good not to eat at home; it is beneficial to cross great rivers. [This hexagram represents incubation nurturing the spiritual embryo. On this path, it is beneficial to still strength, not to use strength. Therefore it says: “it is beneficial to be chaste.” Chastity here means quietude. Stilling strength is nurturing strength. It is good to be still, not active – if one is still, this preserves strength; if one is active, this damages strength. This is the work referred to as “nine years facing a wall.”]

Cleary (2): Great Buildup is beneficial if correct, etc.

Wu: Restraint of the Great indicates prosperity and perseverance. It will be auspicious not to have meals at home. It will be advantageous to cross the big river. [The character chu in the present context has two meanings: one is to accumulate and the other to restrain.]

The Image

Legge: Heaven in the midst of the mountain -- the image of Controlled Power. Thus, the superior man studies the words and deeds of ancient men in order to build his virtue.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Heaven within the mountain: the image of the Taming Power of the Great. Thus the superior man acquaints himself with many sayings of antiquity and many deeds of the past, in order to strengthen his character thereby.

Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes the sky visible amidst the mountain peaks. The Superior Man, acting from his profound knowledge of the words and conduct of the wise men of old, nourishes his virtue. [The arrangement of the component trigrams suggests glimpses of the sky among the peaks of the mountains. This points to something very far off and thereby indicates the advisability of setting out for some distant place. This is a time for going from home and giving concrete expression to our appreciation of what others have done for us or for the public good.]

Liu: Heaven within the mountain symbolizes Taming the Great Powers. The wise man studies ancient knowledge to improve his character.

Ritsema/Karcher: Heaven located-in mountain center. Great Accumulating. A chun tzu uses the numerous recorded preceding words going to move. [A chun tzu] uses accumulating one's actualizing-tao. [Actualize-tao: ...ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos...

Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]

Cleary (1): Heaven is in the mountains, great accumulation. Thus do superior people become acquainted with many precedents of speech and action, in order to accumulate virtue.

Cleary (2): … Leaders build up their virtues by abundant knowledge of past words and deeds.

Wu: Heaven is within the mountain; this is Restraint of the Great. Thus the jun zi accumulates his virtue by remembering past words and deeds.

COMMENTARY

Confucius/Legge: The trigrams that compose Controlled Power show the intelligence of Strength and Mass renewing their virtue every day. A dynamic

line is in the highest place, displaying the worth of talent and virtue -- his is the power that keeps Strength in restraint and displays the will necessary to the hexagram. Talents and virtue are nourished because he refuses to confine his power within his immediate family. Heaven in the second line responds to the ruler in the fifth, thus it is favorable to cross the great stream.

Legge: Controlled Power symbolizes both restraint and the accumulation of virtue. What is restrained accumulates its strength and increases its volume to become a great reservoir of force. The Judgment teaches that if one is firm and correct in this endeavor he may then engage in public service and enjoy the king's grace. The dynamic line in the highest place is line six who is above the ruler and has all of heaven in which to move. This, plus the power to suppress the strongest opposition, shows how he is supported by all that is correct. Concerning the Image, Chu Hsi says: "Heaven is the greatest of all things, and its being in the midst of a mountain gives us the idea of a very large accumulation. This is analogous to the labor of the superior man in learning, acquiring and remembering, to accumulate his virtue."

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES

Judgment: Controlled Power is willpower. The ego renounces selfish indulgences to work for the good of the whole. With such a spirit, great transformations are possible. The Superior Man studies the precepts of the Work to increase his comprehension and fortitude. The essential image to remember in this hexagram is that of Mount Everest holding down Heaven itself: raw power is controlled by the sheer mass of

Keeping Still. Thus we see that Controlled Power is Willpower -- arguably the most potentially creative force in the universe, because used correctly it can accomplish anything. The will is, curiously, not recognized as the central and fundamental function of the ego. It has often been depreciated as being ineffective against the various drives and the power of the imagination, or it has been considered with suspicion as leading to self-assertion (will-topower). But the latter is only a perverted use of the will, while the apparent futility of the will is due only to a faulty and unintelligent use.

The will is ineffective only when it attempts to act in opposition to the imagination and to the other psychological functions, while its skilful and consequently successful use consists in regulating and directing all other functions toward a deliberately chosen and affirmed aim.

Roberto Assagioli – Psychosynthesis An extreme example of this is illustrated by Cleary’s commentary on the

Judgment where he says: “This is the work referred to as “nine years facing a wall.” The reference is to Bodhidharma (the patriarch who brought Zen Buddhism to China), who meditated facing a wall for nine continuous years until he attained enlightenment. "If its subject doesn't enjoy his family revenues at the expense of public service, there will be good fortune” is an image of the ego renouncing its illusions of free choice. Psychologically, inner complexes will drain energy from the situation unless the ego has the will to control their manifestation. Every line

except the sixth depicts some kind of restraint of power -- only in the top line is the energy available for use. It is significant that the superior man is advised to study the ancient wisdom, for it is in the Mysteries, the Perennial Philosophy, that one discovers the secrets and applications of the will. In other contexts (for example, a question about business matters), this can refer to making connection with sound and established practices. In the larger philosophical sense, we see that the evolving illusions of every age insure that the masses will remain attached to the wheel of birth and death -continuously repeating endless variations of the same basic lessons. When each individual is finally ready to escape from these cycles, it is only within the ancient and eternal template of the Work that transcendence can be found. The analogies between religious ideas in Jewish mysticism that are hundreds of years old and the scientific findings of modern psychology can be explained only by the archetypal structure of the psyche. Man's images and ideas concerning the mysteries of being fall into the timeless patterns arranged by the archetypes of the unconscious; his meditations are determined by them. Within the setting of his culture and his time, he creates new forms for the expression of age-old truths.

A. Jaffe -- The Myth of Meaning Through contact with the Self, negative cycles can be broken and positive cycles begun, but it always requires a mountain's worth of Controlled Power to make it happen.