第 28 卦 · 泽风大过

大过卦原文
大过。栋桡。利有攸往，亨。

象曰：泽灭木，大过。君子以独立不惧，遁世无闷。

白话文解释
大过卦：屋粱压得弯曲了。有所往则有利，通泰。
《象辞》说：本卦上卦为兑为泽，下卦为巽为木，上兑下巽，泽水淹没木舟，这是大过的卦象。君子观此卦象，以舟重则覆为戒，领悟到遭逢祸变，应守节不屈，稳居不仕，清静淡泊。
《断易天机》解
大过卦兑上巽下，为震宫游魂卦。大过即太过，事情过头了，但大过卦仍是中庸顺从之象，主其人得协助、能前进。

北宋易学家邵雍解
阳多阴少，势将颠覆；本未俱弱，量力而为。
得此卦者，身心不安，事不如意，却又强意而行，大有后悔之时，谨防官非及水险。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：收敛自省，未可求名。
财运：低价高涨，不易把握。
家宅：防止倾斜；老少配婚。
身体：肝肾皆累，不易治好。

传统解卦
这个卦是异卦（下巽上兑）相叠。兑为泽、为悦，巽为木、为顺，泽水淹舟，遂成大错。阴阳爻相反，阳大阴小，行动非常，有过度形象，内刚外柔。
大象：中间四阳爻，为结实之梁，但初末为阴爻，力弱不支，则势将摧折。
运势：有力不从心，负担过重之象，多烦恼，防官非及水险。
事业：事业出现隐患，甚至危机四伏，务必十分小心谨慎，唯有坚守中道，以谦虚和悦的手段，胆大心细，求助他人相助。必要时可采取非常手段，不拘常规，予以冒险。
经商：操之过急，发展过快，宜收缩调整。竞争处于不利地步，切勿过度自信，更不得刚愎自用，宜随时观测风向，待机行动。在有确切把握之下，不妨冒险，争取时机的好转。
求名：最忌不务实际，追求不切实际的虚名，以致盛名不符。唯以谦逊态度，谨慎行动，潜心努力，不怕世人眼舌，一往直前，追求最初的目标。
婚恋：自知之明最为重要，不可急于求成，应慎重考虑，并以正当手段，促成事情的成功。但也不排除必要的精明手段。
决策：处在非常时期，若不能妥善处置，则极为不利，针对实际情况，既不可轻举妄动，也不可优柔寡断，而应刚柔相济，虚心征求他人意见，慎重行动，大胆追求，却又不怕流言，争取时局好转。

第二十八卦的哲学含义

大过卦，是异卦相叠，巽在下卦，兑在上卦。兑为泽、为悦，巽为木、为顺，泽水淹舟，遂成大错。阴阳爻相反，阳大阴小，行动非常，有过度之意，内刚外柔。
过，是指过度，超过界限。大过卦位于颐卦之后，《序卦》之中这样说道：“不养则不可动，故受之以大过。”养育有成，才可以行动，一行动就可能过当。
《象》曰：泽灭木，大过。君子以独立不惧，遁世无闷。《象》中这段话的意思是说：本卦上卦为兑为泽，下卦为巽为木，上兑下巽，泽水淹没木舟，这是大过的卦象。君子观此卦象，以舟重则覆为戒，领悟到遭逢祸变，应守节不屈，稳居不仕，清静淡泊。
大过卦象征极为过分，属于中下卦。《象》中这样来断此卦：夜晚梦里梦金银，醒来仍不见一文，目下只宜求本分，思想络是空劳神。
此卦卦名为大过。《说文》中说：“过，度也。”可见“过”的意思便是经过、度过的意思。其引申义便是过度、超越的意思。人们生活富裕了，就会追求饮食文化，可是这样会造成人们过度追求享乐，怎么才能避免继续这样呢？这就需要思想与行为的大超越。所以顿卦之后是大过卦。《序卦传》中说：“不养则不可动，故受之以大过。”这是从另一个角度对颐卦的卦序进行解释，也就是说人只有吃好了，干活才有力气。

28.泽风大过(䷛)-高岛易断
《大过》自《颐》而来，《颐》上下二阳，中包四阴，《大过》反之，以二阴包四阳，四阳过盛，故曰《大过》。夫道中而已，阳欲其盛，不欲其过，太刚必折，太实必裂。今四阳中满，二阴屏居无位之地，阳虽盛而下无基，上无系，反借资于二阴；二阴微弱，不能为助，是失其中也，失中即为过。卦体上《兑》下《巽》，《兑》正秋也，秋金气，水之母也，故兑为泽；《巽》辰在巳，上值轸，轸主风，故巽为风，合之谓泽风《大过》。然《大过》异《小过》，何也？《小过》以《艮》遇《震》，止而动，其动未危，阴虽盛而下有基，止则吉也；《大过》以《巽》遇《兑》，入而悦，悦极不出，阳虽盛而下无根，入则颠也。《杂卦传》云“大过颠也”，《大过》一卦，不言颠，而《颐》卦言颠，以《颐》与《大过》，颠倒以相为用。《序卦》是以置诸上《易》之末，天地再交，以成《坎》《离》也。
大过：栋挠。利有攸往，亨。
《大过》，阳大阴小，刚积于中，足以任重，有似栋然；《兑》上《巽》下，《巽》为木，《兑》为毁折，木而毁折，栋斯挠矣。当此大厦将倾，非一木所能支，惟当出门求助，以拯患难，乃得亨通，故曰“利有攸往，亨”。
《彖传》曰：大过，大者过也。栋挠，本末弱也。刚过而中，巽说行，利有攸往，乃亨。大过之时大矣哉！
此卦下《巽》上《兑》，四阳积中，刚阳过盛，故曰《大过》，阳大阴小，故曰“大者过也”。“栋”屋脊也，《巽》木而为《兑》金所伤，故“挠”。《巽》木本柔，上无根柢，下无附属，故本末俱弱。“刚过而中”，非二五之中，谓四刚连亘，位处于中，刚虽过而位处中也。然不可以恃夫刚，须以“《巽》而悦”者行之。《巽》主初言，悦主上言，四刚互《乾》为行，以柔济刚，黾勉前进，乃得亨也，故曰“利有攸往，乃亨”。盖奇才生于困厄，定力出于艰辛，转败为成，在此时也，故曰：“大过之时大矣哉！”
以此卦拟人事，就卦体言，四刚居中，为主于内，二柔在上下，为客于外，为主者刚过，是主刚而客柔也。就卦象言，四刚排列中间，二柔分居上下，俨若栋然，大人必具刚强之德，斯足充栋梁之选；然过刚无制，则太强必折，其“栋挠”矣。要必以“巽而脱”者行之，庶几刚而有济。刚不患其过刚，挠不至于终挠，盖惟其有大过之材，乃克济《大过》之事。“利有攸往，乃亨”皆本乾元用九而来，“利有攸往”，即《乾》之“行健”也，“乃亨”，即《乾》之“元亨”也。圣人于《易》，虽以扶阳抑阴为主，而有时亦借阴以济阳。《巽》以出之，悦以行之，是祛其大过而就以时中也，则变而不失其常，穷而不失其正，故曰“大过之时大矣哉”。所谓“时”者，亦即“终日乾乾，与时偕极”之道也。
以此卦拟国家，下卦为人民，巽为风，有四方风动之象；上卦为政府，兑为泽，有我泽如春之象。卦体刚在中，二柔居初上，是四刚当权，有威有福，居中而秉政者也。凡国家建大功，兴大役，皆以一人身任其重，如大屋之有栋，以负荷众材；然任载过重，则不胜其任，而立见其挠也，是“本末弱”也。所谓“本末”者，指上下二阴而言，二阴才力柔弱，不克任重，故“挠”，此乃阴衰而阳失其辅，臣弱而君失其卫，阳刚过中所致也。当此之时，在蹈常守辙之人，多不敢为，惟知时达变之士，所欲奋然而往也。必其秉刚阳之德，而能以巽顺和悦行之，宽以克猛，柔以济刚，得时中之宜，无亢阳之患，方足以平大难，兴大业。《乾》卦所云乾元“以美利利天下，不言所利”者，胥是道也，故曰“利有攸往，乃亨”。盖往以济时之过，其必能通其时之变，反其势之平，整顿天下于一新，维持世道于无穷，而可得亨通也。
通观此卦，阳刚太实，有不能运动之象，譬如人之肢体肥重，不能转运也。又四阳居中，二阴退而听命，下无根柢，生气已断，上无附属，枝叶既凋，故爻有“枯杨”之辞，曾不如《剥》《姤》之犹可来复。然《大过》自《颐》来，“颐，养也”，谓当养其二阴以相济也。《兑》泽在上，《巽》木在下，《象》曰“泽灭木”，泽本下而反上，木本上而反下，此《大过》之所以为颠，过越常分之大者也。君子法之，“独立不惧，遁世无闷”，是能以退藏者养其阳而防其过也，非君子则不能。《大过》六爻，二阴四阳，有阳爻而处阴位焉，有阴爻而处阳位焉，有阳爻而处阳焉，有阴爻而处阴焉，爻有不同，义亦各判。初爻以阳居阴，是过之尚微也，巽为茅，茅虽柔物，藉之亦足助刚，故“无咎”。二爻亦以阳居阴，是过而不过也。《巽》木为杨，泽灭之而枯，得阳九生气，枯而复稊，故亦“无咎”。三爻以阳居阳，是过而又过也；四刚在中，如屋之有栋，刚果自用，终致“栋挠”，故凶。四爻亦以阳居阴，是亦过而不过也。四与初应，得其所藉，三曰“挠”而四曰“隆”，故吉。五爻以阳居阳，是过而无复过也。“枯杨”之象，与二爻同，然阳至五而极，虽华已衰，故曰“何可久也”。六爻以阴居阴，四刚既倾，是过之终极也，“利有攸往”，正在此时。所谓“过涉”者，忠在救时，故“灭顶”虽凶，而“无咎”也。六爻以相对者言之，初与六对，《彖传》所云“本末弱”者，指初上也。一以藉茅而无咎，一以“过涉”而忘凶，皆足以救其过也。二与五对，“枯杨”之象，所取相同，“生稊”“生华”，久暂分也。三与四对，“栋”之为象，所取亦同，曰“桡”，曰“隆”，吉凶判也。总之，卦以阴阳相偶谓得中，偏则为过，四阳二阴，是《大过》也，故曰“大者过也”。君子于此，以“独立不懼，遁世无闷”处之，抱忧时嫉俗之念，具拨乱反正之才，利害不计，成败不言，上六之“过涉灭顶”者，必斯人也，复何咎矣！
《大象》曰：泽灭木，大过。君子以独立不懼，遁世无闷。
此卦泽水浸淫《巽》木之上，木为之枯，故曰“泽灭木”。当是时，世俗之士，或皆随流逐波，鲜有不磨灭者矣，惟君子具《大过》人之才干，虽时当困厄，而操守弥坚，所信者理，所乐者天，谓之“独立不惧，遁世无闷”。是必刚而能柔，过而能往，可谓善处《大过》之时者也。
【占】　问战征：“灭”，灭绝也，大欲灭国，小欲灭身，其象凶矣。行军占此，恐有暴水淹没之祸。
○　问营商：《象》曰“泽灭木”，有低价忽而高涨之势。
○　问功名：“独立不懼，遁世无闷”者，谓当退身隐处，未可求名也。
○　问家宅：《兑》泽在上，《巽》木在下，其象反复，位置不正，防有灭凶之祸。
○　问疾病：是肝火内郁之症，肾气冲上，医治非易。
○　问婚嫁：“泽灭木”，恐配偶之间，有老幼不匀。
○　问六甲：生女。
○　问失物：必坠入水沟之处。

Judgment
Legge: Critical Mass depicts a weak beam. Under such conditions it is advantageous to move in any direction whatever. Success is indicated.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Preponderance of the Great. The ridgepole sags to the breaking point. It furthers one to have somewhere to go. Success.
Blofeld: Excess! The ridgepole sags. It is favorable to have some goal (or destination) in view. Success! [A glance at the hexagram will show that it is too heavy in the middle and too weak at the ends. A number of firm lines is generally auspicious, but there can be too much of a good thing!]
Liu: Great Excess. The ridgepole is crooked. It benefits to go anywhere. Success.
Ritsema/Karcher: Great Exceeding, the ridgepole sagging. Harvesting; possessing directed going. Growing. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of your connection to a ruling principle. It emphasizes that pushing the guiding idea beyond ordinary limits and accepting the results is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Great Surpassing: The ridgepole bows upward; beneficial to have someplace to go; receipt.
Cleary (1): When the great is excessive, the ridgepole bends. It is good to go somewhere; that is developmental. [When the ridgepole snaps, the whole house falls down. In the same way, practitioners of the Tao who promote yang too much, who do not know when enough is enough, who can be great but cannot be small, suffer damage to their spiritual house.]
Cleary (2): When greatness passes, the ridgepole bends. It is beneficial to have somewhere to go, for you will succeed.

Wu: Excess of the Great indicates a beam that warps. It will be advantageous to have undertakings. It will be pervasive.
The Image
Legge: The image of trees beneath a marsh forms Critical Mass. The superior man, in accordance with this, fearlessly stands alone, and stays retired from the world without regret.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The lake rises above the trees: the image of Preponderance of the Great. Thus the superior man, when he stands alone, is unconcerned, and if he has to renounce the world, he is undaunted.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes a forest submerged in a great body of water. The Superior Man, though standing alone, is free from fear; he feels no discontent in withdrawing from the world. [This is suggested by the component trigrams. Water is necessary for the nourishment of the trees, but too much of it can cause serious damage.]
Liu: The lake rising over the trees symbolizes Great Excess. The superior man, when isolated, is undisturbed. If he has to retreat from society, he feels no regret.
Ritsema/Karcher: Marsh submerging wood. Great Exceeding. A chun tzu uses solitary establishing not to fear. (A chun tzu uses) retiring-from the age without melancholy.
Cleary (1): Moisture destroys wood in excess. Thus superior people stand alone without fear, and leave society without distress.
Cleary (2): Moisture destroys wood. Developed people, etc. [Only when sustained by the power to stand alone without fear and avoid society without distress can learning be firmly rooted and development have a proper basis; then it is possible to refine and support the mediocre.]
Wu: Marsh covers over wood; This is Excess of the Great. Thus the jun zi stands alone without fear and withdraws from the world without melancholy.
CONFUCIAN COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Excess is weakly supported at either end, with weakness in both the lowest and topmost lines. The dynamic lines are in excess, but two of them are in the central positions. The trigrams of Flexibility and Satisfaction
indicate that there will be advantage in moving in any direction whatever -- there will be success. Great indeed is the work to be done during this extraordinary time.

Legge: Extraordinary times require extraordinary skill in their management. The figure shows two magnetic lines at top and bottom, with four dynamic lines
between them -- giving the image of a great beam unable to sustain its own weight. Lines two and five are both dynamic and central however, and from this and the attributes of the component trigrams a good auspice is obtained.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment: A stressful situation is best managed with a comprehensive strategy. (Or: in the chess game of life, one succeeds by planning several moves in advance.) The Superior Man serves The Work by going his own way, regardless of public opinion. Wilhelm titles this hexagram Preponderance of the Great. I prefer R.L. Wing's paraphrase of Critical Mass as more evocative of the figure's meaning in modern terminology. In Critical Mass four dynamic lines lurk inside of the hexagram, weakly contained at top and bottom by two magnetic lines. This energetic concentration could explode in an unpredictable release of force, and hence the Judgment tells us to move now (remember: non-action is also action) to avoid unwanted consequences. (Often the outcome is predictable – be prepared to just walk away if and when that is your best move.) Legge’s translation of the Judgment is: "...It is advantageous to move in any direction whatever." This is a different message than Wilhelm's: "...It furthers one to have somewhere to go." Legge’s version implies an almost hysterical flight from danger while Wilhelm's rendition suggests prior intention and planning. The latter interpretation is definitely what is meant here, as confirmed by Cleary’s Buddhist commentary: When the transformative path is flourishing, contaminations easily arise; it is best to set up guidelines and regulations. When meditation work is advanced, ignorance is about to dissolve; it is best to exercise the mind skillfully. Coupled with Cleary’s translation of the Image as: “Developed people stand alone without fear, avoid society without distress,” the idea is that one should follow one's best intuition and ignore popular illusions, political

correctness or inner fears. (Psychologically: conventional thinking, socially conditioned reflexes, knee-jerk responses, etc.). During a time of Critical Mass, pay close attention to direction from the Self to preserve the Work. This is not the time to follow the crowd. Sometimes this can mean that you are obliged to go it alone – one of the Work’s frequent tests (Cf. line 6): The Gulf is something that has to be leaped, and leaped alone, stripped of all hindering burdens, in faith ... It is thus one of the crisis points of spiritual progress because of the great temptation to turn back from the unknown to the apparent safety of known things, and to succumb to this temptation is to lose all the fruits of past endeavor.
G. Knight -- A Practical Guide to Kabbalistic Symbolism
SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION
Compare the Judgment and Image of this hexagram with those of hexagram number 32, Consistency.
Anthony: We must regain modesty through the effort to rid ourself of strong elements that cause us to press forward. The strong elements may exist in someone else, causing them to assault us with their fear, mistrust or doubt. Strong refers to impetuous movement to resolve what is ambiguous … We can meet the challenge by remaining detached and letting things go through their changes … To be truly rich is to remain modest; to be truly powerful is to remain reticent.

周易第二十八卦初九爻详解
初六爻辞
初六。藉用白茅，无咎。
象曰：藉用白茅，柔在下也。
白话文解释
初六：恭敬地用白茅垫着祭品，可以无灾祸。
《象辞》说：“恭敬地用白茅垫着祭品”，柔软之物铺垫在下面，正像初六阴爻居一卦之下位。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，谨慎行事，财利可固。凶者，防孝服之忧。做官的小心谨慎则禄位巩固。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：宽柔待人，一起成功。
财运：柔白之货，可以获利。
家宅：环境荒芜。
身体：病体柔弱，温燥之药。

初六变卦

  初六爻动变得周易第43卦：泽天夬。这个卦是异卦（下乾上兑）相叠。乾为天为健；兑为泽为悦。泽气上升，决注成雨，雨施大地，滋润万物。五阳去一阴，去之不难，决（去之意）即可，故名为夬（guài），夬即决。

初九爻的哲学含义

大过卦第一爻，爻辞：初六：藉用白茅，无咎。爻辞释义
藉：原指祭祀时用来承置祭器的草垫。白茅：洁白而又柔软的小草，这里含有虔诚、纯真、柔顺之意。
本爻辞的意思是：祭祀时把器物放置白色的茅草垫上面，使它更加安稳，不会发生灾祸。
这一爻给人的启示是：小心驶得万年船。本来祭祀时把器物放在地上就可以了，可是为了安全起见，在器具的下面铺上草垫，这样谨慎小心，当然不会出现什么差错了。
《象》中这样解释道：“藉用白茅”，柔在下也。这里指出，“用白色的茅草垫在器物的下面”，是说行为非常小心谨慎，所以不会发生什么灾祸。
占得此爻者，你面对的是比你强的势力，不必争强好胜，一比高低，因为你的势力很弱。为了免受伤害，你要十分谨慎，表现出过常的谦虚和恭敬，这样才可以避免无妄之灾，确保平安。

初六：藉用白茅，无咎。
《象传》曰：藉用白茅，柔在下也。
“藉”者，铺地也，“白茅”，取其洁也，古者祭祀，藉之灌酒，以降神也。茅白取《巽》象，《巽》在下卦，藉茅于下，所以承上之刚也。初爻阴柔居下，不犯刚而能承刚，当此《大过》之时，敬慎事上，不得谓过分也。故比之礼义之适中者，则有过于敬慎之失，比之傲慢侮人者，则其胜亦不啻霄壤；在高傲者固有咎，而卑下者必无咎焉。盖茅柔物也，藉之足以相助，未可以茅之微而忽之。《象》曰“柔在下也”，以爻言则初在下，以茅言则藉在下。初六居阴，阴为柔，茅质柔弱，故曰“柔在下也”。
【占】　问战征：当此初次出师，最忌刚暴过甚，宜宽柔待下。
○　问营商：贩运之货，必是药品，或是茶叶木棉，其色必白，其质必柔，均可获利。
○　问功名：拔茅连茹，是有连类同登之象。
○　问家宅：其宅必近卑湿低下之处，屋外蔓草荒芜，建筑也。
○　问疾病：病体柔弱，下焦有湿，须用温燥之药治之。
○　问失物：于草地上觅之。
○　问六甲：生女。
【例】　明治元年，东久世中将、锅岛肥前守充先锋，将收横滨，余时在肥前守营中，兼管各种事务。藩士下村某，率兵士百人，奉命先收浦贺，以向导嘱余，为筮一卦。筮得《大过》之《夬》。
断曰：凡古军事，内卦为我，外卦为敌。初爻在内卦之下，以阴居阳，阴属柔，显见我宜用柔。兑为泽，所攻取者，必是水泽之地。白茅柔软之物，用以藉地，履之而安，无失足之虞，是教我喜啣尾潜进也。今闻浦贺港上，有开阳、回天以下六舰碇泊，募兵脱走者数干人搭载之，浦贺兵士，又与之同心联络，敌势过盛，未便用强攻击。爻辞曰“藉用白茅”，《象》曰“柔在下也，”是明示以用柔之道，以柔克刚，收取海门咽喉为上策也。
下村某，率领十数人前进，不战而平。

Line-1
Legge: The first line, magnetic, shows one placing mats of the white mao grass under things set on the ground. There will be no error.
Wilhelm/Baynes: To spread white rushes underneath. No blame.
Blofeld: For mats, use white rushes -- no error! [White rushes are less common than ordinary ones and probably make more beautiful mats. The implication may be that, if we decide to do things rather nicely, we might as well go a little further and do them as charmingly as possible.]
Liu: To spread white rushes below leads to no blame.
Ritsema/Karcher: A sacrifice availing-of white thatch grass. Without fault.
Shaughnessy: For the mat use white cogon-grass; there is no trouble.
Cleary (1): Spreading white reeds; no fault.

Cleary (2): Spreading a mat of white reeds, there is no blame.
Wu: Use of white mats in making offerings is blameless.
CONFUCIAN COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She feels the weakness of being in the lowest place, and uses extraordinary care. Wilhelm/Baynes: The yielding is underneath.
Blofeld: The reference is derived from the position of this yielding line below so many firm ones. [A further commentary explains that they symbolize treating things with gentleness.] Ritsema/Karcher: Supple located below indeed. Cleary (2): Flexibility in a low position. Wu: Because the meek is in the low position.
The Master said: To place the things on the ground might be considered sufficient; but when one places mats of the white grass beneath them, what occasion for blame can there be? Such a course shows the height of carefulness. The white grass is a trivial thing, but through the use made of it, it may become important. One who goes forward using such careful art will not fall into any error.
Legge: The first line is magnetic, at the bottom of both the hexagram and the lower trigram of Humility or Flexibility. Therefore she is distinguished by carefulness, as in the matter mentioned, and there is a good auspice.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: At the outset, the man displays considerable care in embarking upon an important enterprise.
Wing: When embarking on an important endeavor, it is necessary to pay particular attention to details at the beginning. The times are indeed extraordinary, and you must be particularly careful to proceed in the right way. Being overcautious is not a mistake.
Editor: The idea is to lay a careful foundation for any enterprise to prevent later instability. Make careful choices now to prevent evil consequences later on. Don't you know that the beginning is the most important part of every work and that this is especially so with anything young and tender? For at that stage it's most plastic, and each thing assimilates itself to the model whose stamp anyone wishes to give it.
Plato -- The Republic
A. Begin carefully.
B. Extreme caution is indicated.

周易第二十八卦九二爻详解
九二爻辞
九二。枯杨生稊，老夫得其女妻，无不利。
象曰：老夫女妻，过以相与也。
白话文解释
九二：枯杨发芽，老头子娶少女为妻，并无不吉利。
《象辞》说：夫老妻少，年龄不当，这是错误的婚配。

北宋易学家邵雍解
吉：得此爻者，或娶妻纳妾，或生子，君子得少妻义子。做官的去位者会复职。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：晚年成名，反败为胜。
财运：林木生意，应可获利。
家宅：枯树开花；老夫少妻，得以生育。
身体：虽危得安。

九二变卦

  九二爻动变得周易第31卦：泽山咸。这个卦是异卦（下艮上兑）相叠。艮为山；泽为水。兑柔在上，艮刚在下，水向下渗，柔上而刚下，交相感应。感则成。

九二爻的哲学含义

大过卦第二爻，爻辞：九二：枯杨生梯，老夫得其女妻，无不利。爻辞释义
杨：指杨树。梯：是树的根部，生梯指树的根部长出了嫩苗。
本爻辞的意思是：已经枯萎的杨树林根部又长出了新的枝叶，老年男子娶了位年轻的妻子，没有什么不利的。
这一爻有枯木逢春之象。从卦象上看，本卦阳气过重，阳爻需要阴爻来调和，九二上无对应，只能回顾初六，以求阴阳相合。九二居中，又与初六承比，充满生机。
占得此爻者，若是男士，在婚姻上可能遇到一个比自己年轻的女人，与之结合并无过错，还可以生儿育女。
在事业上可能遇到了一个好项目，或是得到了一个好助手，枯木逢春，原本衰落的事业又重新充满了生机，也可以从中获利。
九二爻处于大过卦下互卦乾卦的最下爻，乾卦有老夫的含义，并且九二与初六阴阳相合，所以说有老夫得少妻之象。古代社会是男权社会，所以男人岁数大却娶到了年少的妻子，是一件值得髙兴的事。所以“无不利”。

九二：枯杨生稊，老夫得其女妻，无不利。
《象传》曰：老夫女妻，过以相与也。
二爻以阳居阴，阴尽则死，阳来则生，物之常理。《巽》为木，克为泽，木之近水者为杨，泽而灭木，杨必枯矣，得九二阳气生助，故得枯而《复》生。“稊”，杨之秀也。按，二爻体《乾》，《乾》为老，为男，故曰“老夫”；下得《巽》在初，《巽》为处女，故曰“女妻”；二与初比而得初，故曰“老夫得其女妻”。夫夫妇配偶，以年之相若为正，老夫女妻，是亦颠也，然老少虽非正匹，而阴阳自得相济。“老夫”“女妻”，犹枯杨之生稊，终得妊育也，故曰“无不利”。《象》曰“过以相与也”，卦之义在刚过，夫而过老，妻而过少，故曰“过以相与”。《杂卦传》曰，“大过颠也”，斯之谓欤？
【占】　问战征：有转败为胜之象。
○　问营商：《兑》为阴，亦为金，《巽》为风，亦为木，定为金木生意。“枯杨生稊”，于种植林木，或贩运树木，皆“无不利”。
○　问功名：就爻象看来，必待晚年，方可成名。
○　问家宅：此宅昔年定多不利，系阳宅居于阴地；近来得阳九发动，必有枯树开花，此其兆也。利。
○　问婚姻：主有老鳏重娶，得以生育，大利。
○　问疾病：虽危得安。
○　问失物：必得。
【例】　明治二十二年，友人来请占某家气运，筮得《大过》之《咸》。
断曰：此卦上《兑》下《巽》，是以《兑》少女，居《巽》长女之上，少女不善理家，长女将取而代之，故一家因此有颠覆之患。今占某家得此爻，家业之衰，得人理之，自然复盛，犹木之既枯，得阳气发动，自然生稊。人虽既老，得配少妻，亦能生育，皆有既败复成之象，所谓“枯杨生稀，老夫得其女妻，无不利”者是也。
【例】　明治二十七年十二月，我军入海城，有敌将宋庆乘雪中通路，屡来逆袭挑战，海城几危。筮得《大过》之《咸》。
断曰：此卦合上下二卦，有坎险之象，是两军共履困难。今爻辞曰“枯杨生稊”，杨以冬枯春生，必待春暖，我军乃可突击。“老夫得其女妻，无不利”，是我《师》既老，必得新来之兵，发助壮气，可以制胜也。后果有第二军精兵新来，占领盖平，声援海城。二月十四日克太平山，三月四日占领牛庄，六日占领营口，九日陷田庄台。
【例】　明治三十一年，占我国与清国交际，筮得《大过》之《咸》。
断曰：此卦《兑》上《巽》下，《兑》为金，为泽，属正西；《巽》为风，为木，属东南；金来克木，显见西来侵夺东南，《象》曰“泽灭木”，是其兆也。今占得二爻，二爻以阳处阴，爻辞谓“枯杨生稊”，杨即《巽》木，为泽所灭，故“枯”。“枯”者衰败之象，足见东南之衰弱；“生稀”者是得春阳之发动也；“老夫”者，亦衰象，“得其女妻”，是得少阴之相助也。论我日本与清国，皆地居东南，朝鲜一国，介在我两国之间，我国向欲与清国合力保护朝鲜，清国以朝鲜为属邦，不容我议，我两国因之启战，清国败北。割地讲和后，俄、德、法三国联合，意属护清，逼我割还辽东；在三国包藏祸心，未必不借此为功，迫索清国，分割要地，此亦势所必至也。清国近知欧洲列国之不可恃，愿联盟，我国亦愿从此与清国合保东南，力拒欧西，犹如“枯杨”之“生稊”。《象》曰“过以相与也”，以言我两国昔日相战，今日相和，是“过以相与”也。

Line-2
Legge: The second line, dynamic, shows a decayed willow producing shoots, or an old husband in possession of his young wife; there will be advantage in every way.
Wilhelm/Baynes: A dry poplar sprouts at the root. An older man takes a young wife. Everything furthers.
Blofeld: The withered willow tree puts forth new shoots -- an old man takes to wife a young girl. Everything is favorable.
Liu: The withered poplar tree sprouts new shoots. The old man marries a young wife. Everything is favorable.
Ritsema/Karcher: A withered willow giving birth-to a sprig. A venerable husband acquiring his woman consort. Without not Harvesting.
Shaughnessy: The bitter poplar gives life to sprouts: The old fellow gets his maiden consort; there is nothing not beneficial.
Cleary (1): A withered willow produces sprouts; an old man gets a girl for a wife. Altogether beneficial.
Cleary (2): … None do not benefit.
Wu: A withered willow tree grows a young shoot. An old man takes a young wife. Everything is advantageous. [Ancient society gave approval to this kind of matrimony for the desire of having children in the family. Willow trees like water and do well on the bank of marshes. It is not uncommon for a withered old tree to have new shoots.]
CONFUCIAN COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Such association is extraordinary. Wilhelm/Baynes: The extraordinary thing is their coming together. Blofeld: He weds her because they have been overmuch together. [From his point of view, it is in any case a matter for satisfaction, so it is taken here to symbolize favorable circumstances. Some commentaries suggest another implication, namely that the old man is able to take on tasks normally difficult for the elderly.] Ritsema/Karcher: Exceeding uses mutual associating indeed. Cleary (2): (He) has her for a companion in spite of being older. Wu: (They) will make a harmonious couple.
Legge: Line two has no proper correlate above, hence he inclines to the magnetic first line below him. This suggests an old husband with a young wife who will yet have children. The action will turn out favorably.

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: An extraordinary reinvigoration occurs. During unusual occasions it may be desirable to join the lowly in order to permit a new outlook and growth.
Wing: Look to those who are modest in attitude, or are beginners themselves, to help you in your endeavors. This way you are in the company of persons who can understand and share the enthusiasm of your goals. Things will move smoothly and the situation will become revitalized.
Editor: The trigram for Wood beneath the trigram for a Lake or Marsh suggests the idea of a tree that grows near water, hence: a willow tree. Whether dry, withered, decayed or bitter, this old tree experiences an unexpected renewal of life. The elderly husband and young wife are a different metaphor for the same idea, and the symbolism can sometimes refer to a union of thought and feeling. Psychologically implicit is the idea of intellect as mentor and guide to emotional responses: an archetypal relationship. In such dream wanderings one frequently encounters an old man who is accompanied by a young girl, and examples of such couples are to be found in many mythic tales.
Jung -- Memories, Dreams, Reflections
A. A fruitful renewal.
B. Old ideas are reinvigorated by fresh insights.
C. A creative balance of knowledge and ability.

周易第二十八卦九三爻详解详解
九三爻辞
九三。栋桡，凶。
象曰：栋桡之凶，不可以有辅也。
白话文解释
九三：屋梁弯曲，这是凶险之象。
《象辞》说：屋梁弯曲之所以凶险，因为栋曲即屋倾，无法支撑。

北宋易学家邵雍解
凶：得此爻者，须防大难而遭致家产有失，或有足目之疾。做官的须谨防被贬职。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：刚愎自用，虽成终败。
财运：只靠自己，人财两失。
家宅：栋折难居；婚姻不利。
身体：恐有不测。

九三变卦

  九三爻动变得周易第47卦：泽水困。这个卦是异卦（下坎上兑）相叠。兑为阴为泽喻悦；坎为阳为水喻险。泽水困，陷入困境，才智难以施展，仍坚守正道，自得其乐，必可成事，摆脱困境。

九三爻的哲学含义

大过卦第三爻，爻辞：九三：栋桡，凶。爻辞释义
本爻的意思是：房屋的栋梁承受过重的压力而向下弯曲，结果必然发生凶事。
这一爻给人的启示是：刚则易折。
大过卦的卦辞是“栋桡”，结果却是“亨”，在本爻之中，为什么却变成“凶”了呢？这是因为卦辞之中，是告诉人们要“刚过而中”“刚柔相济”，
才会亨通。而九三这一卦，不能奉行刚柔相济的原则，不能灵活应变，一意孤行，固执己见，逞强激进，缺乏韧性，没有人愿意追随帮助他，结果必然致凶。
《象》曰：“栋桡之凶”，不可以有辅也。这里指出，“房屋的栋梁受重压而弯曲，结果必然发生凶险”，是因为阳刚极为过分，所以不能再来辅助它，否则后果将不堪设想。
在工作当中，你可能非常能干，是一个挑大梁的人物，担纲着重任。但是你态度强横，做事一意孤行，不听劝告。比如本不能一天完成的事情，你偏要一天内完成，结果别人认为你逞能，不愿帮助你，而你自己单独完成，由此累坏了身体。
在遇到困难时不会放弃，这种精神虽好，但是有时人的能力有限，不如想其他办法“曲线救国”。如果不懂得这些变通之术，不会采用灵活的办法，就会把事情办砸。
九三与上六相应，从卦象上看，九三代表栋梁的一段，为坚实，而上六代表栋梁的一端，阴为柔弱为湿气。所以九三这段栋梁便会受潮而弯曲。从引申义来讲，是因女人而使体质下降，当然也可以理解为听信女人之言而使自己变节。其结果自然是凶险了。

九三：栋挠，凶。
《象传》曰：栋挠之凶，不可以有辅也。
就全卦言，四刚连亘在中，如屋有栋，上下两阴皆弱，故“挠”。就三爻言，九三互《乾》，辰在亥，上值危宿，按危三星，在虚东北，形如盖屋，有栋之象。三以刚居刚，过而又过，过刚必折，故“挠”。九三刚愎自用，视群策群力，皆莫己若，遂至孤立无助，愈高愈危，终致“栋挠”之凶。《象》曰“不可以有辅也”，言三予智自雄，不能与人共事，集思广益，故不可相辅有成也。亦三自取之耳。
【占】　问战征：“栋”者一屋之主，即一军之主帅也；“挠”者，摧折也，栋而挠，是主帅受伤之象。弊在主帅过于刚猛，不听人言所致，故凶。
○　问营商：商业必须得人为辅，方能成事，若自运自刃，非特经营不大，且恐致意外耗失。“栋挠”云者，有人财两失之虑，故凶。
○　问功名：能任大任者，称栋梁之材，云“挠”，则栋非其栋矣，虽成终败，凶。
○　问家宅：此宅不吉，栋折榱崩，不可居也，凶。
○　问婚嫁：九三以阳居阳，孤阳无助，婚姻不成，成亦不吉。
○　问六甲：生男，恐不能养。
【例】　明治二十三年某月，友人某来曰：依市町村制，将选举市长。我市民向所瞩望者，有甲乙二人，我以甲为适当，故将投票，请占其成败。筮得《大过》之《困》。
断曰：此卦四阳居中为栋，初上二阴柔弱，不克任重，故“挠”。今占选举市长得此爻，在甲方才力俱强，足以任事，但恃己傲人，刚愎过甚，刚则必折，挠之所由来也。三爻以阳居阳，是谓过而又过，虽与上六相应，上爻以阴居阴，柔弱无力，纵极力为之推荐，无能为也。四爻为乙，曰“栋隆”，得选必在四矣，甲无望焉。后果如此占。

Line-3
Legge: The third line, dynamic, shows a beam that is weak. There will be evil.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The ridgepole sags to the breaking point. Misfortune.
Blofeld: The ridgepole sags -- misfortune!
Liu: The ridgepole bends under pressure; misfortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: The ridgepole buckling. Pitfall.
Shaughnessy: The ridgepole sags; inauspicious.
Cleary (1): The ridgepole bends; misfortune.

Cleary (2): The ridgepole bending is foreboding.
Wu: The beam warps. Foreboding.
CONFUCIAN COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: No help can be given to the condition thus represented.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The misfortune of the sagging and breaking of the ridgepole is due to its finding no support. Blofeld: The misfortune of being without adequate support. Ritsema/Karcher: Not permitted to use possessing bracing indeed. Cleary (2): There is no way to help. Wu: Because no support will help.
Legge: The third line is dynamic in a dynamic place and confident in his own strength. But his correlate line six is magnetic. Alone, he is unequal to the extraordinary strain. Any attempt to sustain the broken beam will have no effect in supporting the roof.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man becomes overconfident in his limited strength. He rushes ahead in opposition to advice from those in a position to help. This leads to the loss of voluntary support. His burdens increase, and he proves unequal to the task.
Wing: You are inclined to force your way forward when, in fact, there are obstacles that cannot be overcome in this way. Even worse, you cannot accept advice from others because it is not what you wish to hear. Misfortune will inevitably follow.
Editor: This is the weak beam referred to in the Judgment. In the metaphor of Wing’s title of Critical Mass, the situation is about to detonate Owing to neglect the rooftree gives way; for want of care the house lets in the rain.
Ecclesiastes 10: 18
A. The situation is unstable.
B. You have no support in the matter at hand.
C. Your assumptions have no foundation.

周易第二十八卦九四爻详解详解
九四爻辞
九四。栋隆，吉。有它吝。
象曰：栋隆之吉，不桡乎下也。
白话文解释
九四：屋梁挺直，吉利。但有意外之患则不好应付。
《象辞》说：屋梁挺直之所以吉利，因为屋梁不弯曲则房屋不倾倒。

北宋易学家邵雍解
吉：得此爻者，多有修造之事，可做大事，勿谋小事。做官的必能受到重用。读书人进取成名。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：可担大任，勿图小事。
财运：木材生意，可以得利。
家宅：门户宏伟。
身体：胸胀无碍。

九四变卦

  九四爻动变得周易第48卦：水风井。这个卦是异卦（下巽上坎）相叠。坎为水；巽为木。树木得水而蓬勃生长。人靠水井生活，水井由人挖掘而成。相互为养，井以水养人，经久不竭，人应取此德而勤劳自勉。

九四爻的哲学含义

大过卦第四爻，爻辞：九四：栋隆，吉；有它，吝。爻辞释义
隆：朝上拱起或中央部分向上桡起。
本爻辞的意思是：房屋的栋梁向上隆起，可获得吉祥；如果发生其他变故，或生虫的话还是会出问题。
九四爻紧临九五之尊，是近君大臣，栋梁之材。
《象》中分析道：“栋隆之吉”，不桡乎下也。这里指出了“房屋的栋梁向上隆起，克服了弯曲，可以获得吉祥”，是由于九四爻本身能使栋梁不再向下弯曲。
九四阴爻居阳位，刚柔适中，既具阳刚之才，又具有柔顺之德。处于大过卦之中，阳爻多是急于冒进、一意孤行，九四爻显得难能可贵，所以会获吉。
占得此爻者，虽然工作任务重，甚至累弯了腰，但是要打起精神来，保持高昂的精神状态，改掉自身的小毛病，要防止意外变故使自己蒙受羞辱。同时要刚柔相济，在才能过人的同时，保持谦虚的态度，这样才能吉祥。
同九二一样，九四也相当于一段受潮的栋梁。因为他与初六相应，所以也有受潮而弯曲或因女人变节的形象。不过庆幸的是九四处于上卦，所以他只会向上弯曲，而不会向下弯曲。对于一间房子来说，栋梁朝上弯曲不会引起房屋顶部的塌陷，所以吉祥。但会有其他的忧吝，这是为什么呢？因为他受潮了呀。其引申义是说，他听信女人的话，会因女人而变节，所以会有忧吝的事情。

九四：栋隆，吉。有它，吝。
《象传》曰：栋隆之吉；不桡乎下也。
九三曰“栋挠”，九四曰“栋隆”，其义相反，以九四在下卦之上，以阳居阴，亦过而不过也。下与初应，初爻虽弱，得其所藉，即可不挠。按九四辰在午，上值张，南宫候曰，“张为天府”，故有栋象。“隆”，《说文》曰，“丰大也”；《玉篇》曰，“中央高也”。栋以任重，故宜大栋在屋中，故宜高。高必以下为基，下有所藉，斯高而不危。三之所以挠者，下无藉也；四得其藉，故隆。凡事之得所凭藉，而大险可济，大功可成，上不辜君之托，下不负民之望，皆犹是也，其吉可知，故曰“栋隆，吉”。“有它，吝”者，言四若怀他志，厌初之本弱，而不屑用其藉，则三之挠，即为四之挠，必不免于吝矣。《象》曰“不桡乎下也”，谓栋既隆起，下必不挠也。
【占】　问战征：行军屯营，宜占高阜要地，下有所藉，斯营基巩固，可进可退，自不为敌所挠也，故吉。
○　问营商：想必是材木生意，木料高大，足备巨室之用，若他项经营，恐未必隹。
○　问功名：爻曰“栋隆”，必是大才，可当大任，斯足副“栋隆”之兆，其他小试，非其所长，有不屑为也。
○　问家宅：此宅栋榱辉煌，门户宏阔，吉。
○　问疾病：想是中胸有痞块高起，然无害。
【例】　有甲乙两会社，同业相竞，一日甲社社长某来曰：今当市内贩路之点，势难两立，因请一占。筮得《大过》之《井》。
断曰：卦名《大过》，是刚过也，而当地立两社，亦为过分。占得四爻，爻曰“栋隆，吉”，此卦三四两爻，皆取象于栋，犹之二社并立也。可知甲乙之争，即在此三四两爻：乙社九三，以阳居阳，是材力与资本俱足，其应为上爻，上爻无可凭藉；甲社为九四，以阳居阴，材力与资本稍卑，其应为初爻，初爻得其所藉。有藉者“隆”，无藉者“挠”，甲社胜矣，谓之“栋隆，吉”。后果甲兴乙仆。

Line-4
Legge: The fourth line, dynamic, shows a beam curving upwards. There will be good fortune. If the subject of the line looks for other help but that of line one, there will be cause for regret.

Wilhelm/Baynes: The ridgepole is braced. Good fortune. If there are ulterior motives, it is humiliating.
Blofeld: The ridgepole is upheld -- good fortune! Were it otherwise, there would be cause for blame.
Liu: The ridgepole is strengthened; good fortune. But something else may cause humiliation.
Ritsema/Karcher: The ridgepole crowning. Significant. Possessing more: abashment.
Shaughnessy: The ridgepole bows upward; auspicious; there is harm; distress.
Cleary (1): The ridgepole is raised; good fortune. There is another shame.
Cleary (2): … This is auspicious, but there is another shame.
Wu: The beam is held upright, and there will be good fortune. There may be humiliation in unexpected situations.
CONFUCIAN COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The good fortune arises because it does not bend toward what is below. Wilhelm/Baynes: It does not sag downward and break.
Blofeld: Good fortune in the sense that it does not fall. [This would seem to be good fortune of a negative kind; not so much good fortune as the failure of expected bad fortune to materialize.] Ritsema/Karcher: Not sagging, reaching-to the below indeed. Cleary (2): It does not bend down. Wu: The beam (is) held upright, not warping downward.
Legge: Line four is just below the fifth line ruler. His duty is to meet the extraordinary exigency of the time. Although dynamic, he is in a magnetic place
and his strength is tempered -- he will be equal to his task. Should he seek help from line one, that would affect him with another element of weakness, and his action would give cause for regret.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man becomes the master of the difficult situation by refusing the assistance of weak men. He relies on his own strength of character.
Wing: You can now find within yourself the strength and vision to achieve a successful outcome in your endeavors. Do not rely upon people or things outside of your Self for guidance. Dependence now on external things leads to humiliation.

Editor: This is one of those maddening lines of which every translator renders a subtly different version. Some aren't even internally consistent: Legge's translation says that there will be cause for regret if the subject "looks for other help but that of line one,” which I take to mean: "Only line one is the proper source of assistance.” Inexplicably, his exposition then cautions against such assistance, as does his Confucian commentary. Blofeld's version is a tautology effectively removing serious warning from the line. The Wilhelm and Liu translations are least confusing and imply that we are protected as long as we suppress our lower impulses and maintain allegiance to a higher principle. In my experience, this interpretation has been most accurate. The patient must be alone if he is to find out what it is that supports him when he can no longer support himself. Only this experience can give him an indestructible foundation.
Jung -- Psychology and Alchemy
A. The Work is protected if you keep the faith.

周易第二十八卦九五爻详解详解
九五爻辞
九五。枯杨生花，老妇得其士夫，无咎无誉。
象曰：枯杨生花，何可久也。老妇土夫，亦可丑也。
白话文解释
九五：枯杨开花，老妇人嫁给一个年轻人，这件事不好也不坏。
《象辞》说：枯杨开花，其花怎能长开不谢。老妇人嫁给年轻人，这种事总不大光彩。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，营谋不利，或喜中生忧，美事成丑；先逆后顺之象。做官的不可久任。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：晚年得意，求其平顺。
财运：小心多情，名利皆失。
家宅：闺房不正；女大男小。
身体：不好不坏。

九五变卦

  九五爻动变得周易第32卦：雷风恒。这个卦是异卦（下巽上震）相叠。震为男、为雷；巽为女、为风。震刚在上，巽柔在下。刚上柔下，造化有常，相互助长。阴阳相应，常情，故称为恒。

九五爻的哲学含义

九五：枯杨生华，老妇得其士夫，无咎无誉。爻辞释义
华：同“花”。“生华”，指上部荣盛。
本爻辞的意思是：已经枯萎的杨树重新开花，已经衰老的妇人嫁给了年轻的男人，没有过错，也不值得称誉。
这一爻给人的启示是不要追求短期的、虚假的繁荣。
《象》中这样分析道：“枯杨生华”，何可久也？“老妇士夫”，亦可丑也。
这里指出：“已经枯萎的杨树重新又开花”，表面现象又怎么可以长久保持下去呢？“已经衰老的妇人嫁给了年轻男子”，这种婚配是会令人深感羞耻的。
同是老少配，九二这一爻，老夫少妻，就是“无咎”，而本爻老妻配少夫，就阴阳相济而言，可说是“无咎”，但是“生华（花）”无法持久，旋即凋零，所以说是“无誉”。另外认为老妇不能生育，所以古人对这种婚姻持否定态度。
九五是君王之位，指一个单位的领导。作为领导不要贪求象枯杨生花般短期的荣盛，而要彻底地重生，长出新枝叶，才能改掉衰落的局面。比如有的单位领导，为了扭转公司的亏损，借钱来弥补，这是短期的方法。真正有用的做法是改革公司的制度，让公司来创造利润，这样才能取得真正长久的荣盛。
九五：枯杨生华，老妇得其士夫，无咎无誉。
象曰：枯杨生华，何可久也。老妇士夫，亦可丑也。
经文意思是：枯萎的杨树长了花，老妇人得到了少壮的男子为丈夫。没有灾难也没有荣誉。
象辞意思是：枯萎的杨树生出了杨树花，怎么会长久呢？老女人得了个少壮的男士为夫，也是件丢人的事情。
在这里，九五指的是“士夫”，而“老妇”指的是他上面的上六。从整体卦象来说,下卦为異为木，而上卦为兑为花，所以会有“枯杨生华”的爻辞。而九五阳爻与上面的上六阴阳相合，所以有“老妇得其士夫”的形象，即上六这个老妇得到九五这个丈夫。

九五：枯杨生华，老妇得其士夫，无咎无誉。
《象传》曰：枯杨生华，何可久也。老妇士夫，亦可丑也。
“枯杨”之解，见九二下。此爻与上六阴阳相比，得阴之助而生华，故曰“枯杨生华”。杨华无实，飘荡随尽，荣无几时也。九二以得初阴之助而“生稊”，九五下无有助，惟与上六相比，犹断根之杨，得雨露之润，虽一旦发华，不久凋落。“老妇”指上六，喻上六阴极而衰；“士夫”指九五，喻九五之无内助。“士”，未娶妻者之称，即谓少年。阴而居上，故呼“老妇”；阳而居下，故称“士夫”，是亦《大过》之义也。九五以刚在刚，三阳皆不为用，独与上六阴阳相比，故曰夫妇。从夫妇之序而论，当曰士夫得老妇，今曰老妇得士夫者，原其配偶之所起，志出老妇，老妇首倡而求士夫，丑体尤在老妇，亦以见圣人尽人情、考世故之妙也。《象传》曰“老夫士夫，亦可丑也”，丑者污辱之义，深恶之之辞也。
【占】　问战征：行军占此，必军中主将偏裨，位置颠倒，任用不当。一时虽获胜仗，未能持久。
○　问营商：防经商者贪恋外遇，致播丑声。
○　问家宅：防闺房不正，墙侧有茨。
○　问功名：必主晚年获隽。
○　问婚嫁：必年齿不齐，匹偶不正。
○　问六甲：生女，不育。
【例】　明治十七年，因朝鲜滋事，占日清关系。
断曰：此番朝鲜发炮启衅，不特关涉朝鲜，即关涉清国，是三国中一大关涉之事也。在朝鲜，孱弱已极，譬如枯杨，即一时开花，不久遂零落矣。清国且以朝鲜为属邦，朝鲜政令，悉皆听命于清，俨如少男受制于老妇也。今我国受朝鲜之辱，必将大启兵端。清国亦知其然，故愿与议和。就爻象而细究之，知日清必不至决裂也，其间机密，爻象虽露，未可显言焉。
【例】　明治十八年夏，余避暑于箱根，与贵显某某等同宿旅舍中。一日相与闲游山野，某贵显曰：此间幽闲僻静，觅一胜地，结一别墅，足以避嚣，足以娱老，洵可乐也！足下亦有意否？闻言亦觉欣然，既而思之，不能自决，为占一卦，筮得《大过》之《恒》。
断曰：五爻以阳居阳，贵显属阳，未可以闲退也。就其地论，箱根属在东海道，是为《巽》木之位，爻曰“枯杨生华”，知箱根繁盛，亦不久矣；且游客往来，多在避暑之时，过此鲜有到者。“老妇得其士夫”者，以喻箱根之地，名胜久著，若老妇之素有艳名。“士夫”者，少年也，少年闻其名，未涉其胜，是以多来游赏。究之一过即往，“无咎”亦“无誉”也。且少年人不识风雅，反来作践，故《象》曰“亦可丑也”。因谢某贵显之劝。
【例】　明治三十一年，占国民协会气运，筮得《大过》之《恒》。
断曰：五爻以阳居阳，是过而又过，宜其民心盛强，而爻辞曰“枯杨”何也？盖以《巽》本柔木，一经《兑》泽所灭，几成枯木，虽一时复华，亦不久摇落矣。且阳至五而极，阳极则衰，阳将变而为阴，故称“老妇”。“士夫”，少男也，近年社会，往往多用少年，亦时势使然也，故曰“老妇得其士夫”。究之老大者无能，反以少年之议论为得计，噫！“亦可丑也”。爻曰“无咎无誉”，可知本年协会之气运，”亦无荣无辱而已。

Line-5
Legge: The fifth line, dynamic, shows a decayed willow producing flowers, or an old wife in possession of her young husband. There will be occasion neither for blame nor for praise.
Wilhelm/Baynes: A withered poplar puts forth flowers. An older woman takes a husband. No blame. No praise.
Blofeld: The withered willow tree puts forth blossom -- an old woman takes a vigorous young husband; no blame, no praise! [No blame, in that there is no prohibition against such marriages; no praise, in that they are generally considered far more unsuitable than when the husband is much older than the wife.]
Liu: A withered poplar blossoms. An old woman gains a young husband: No blame, no praise.
Ritsema/Karcher: A withered willow giving-birth-to flowers. A venerable wife acquiring her notable husband. Without fault, without praise.
Shaughnessy: The bitter poplar gives life to flowers: the old wife gets her siring husband; there is no trouble, there is no praise.
Cleary (1): A withered willow produces flowers, and old woman gets a young man for a husband: no blame, no praise.

Wu: A withered willow tree grows a flower. An old woman takes a young husband. There will be neither blame nor praise.
CONFUCIAN COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: A decayed willow produces flowers, but how can this secure its long continuance? An old wife and a young husband is also a thing to be ashamed of. Wilhelm/Baynes: How could this last long? It is nevertheless a disgrace. Blofeld: How can such blossom endure for long? From another point of view, both of them should feel ashamed. [The question of blaming or praising such a marriage is in any case of little importance, since it can scarcely be destined to endure for long. The second sentence of the commentary perhaps reveals that, for once, Confucius was inclined to disagree with his beloved mentor, the Book of Change, and to be taken aback by the words "no blame." From the point of view of divination, lines of this sort do not always indicate marriage; this line could mean that we shall do or have done something rather unusual of which the results will be more or less negative.] Ritsema/Karcher: Wherefore permitting lasting indeed? Truly permitting the demoniac indeed.
Cleary (2): How can they last? (It) can also be embarrassing. Wu: How long can it last? (They) make an awkward couple.
Legge: Line five is dynamic and central and should be able to achieve extraordinary merit. But he has no proper correlate below, and as line two is inclined to line one, so is line five inclined to line six. But here the willow only
produces flowers, not shoots -- its decay will soon reappear. An old wife will have no children. If the line is not to be condemned like line three, neither does his action deserve praise. The shoots produced in line two will grow into a new and vigorous tree, but here the flowers will soon decay, and the withered trunk continue the same. For what will a young man marry an old woman? There will be no children; it can only be from some mercenary motive.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Notwithstanding promising potentialities the man gives up his alliances with the people below him and seeks the company only of those of higher rank. An unstable arrangement results. Instead of greater security, there will be less. No renewal occurs after the flower saps the tree's remaining energy.
Wing: In critical or significant times it is exhausting to cling to your ideals and ignore the realities of your environment. These realities are the superstructure that supports your life. If you ignore your foundations in your reach upward, you will become unstable and accomplish nothing at all.
Editor: Notice that the original line says that there will be neither praise nor blame. It is the Confucian commentary, written many hundreds of years later, that attaches the idea of "shame” to this position. Following Confucius, Blofeld's footnote also interprets the results as negative: but this is not really warranted

from the line itself. The image is a reasonable portrayal of an inconclusive, fruitless or trivial situation. The condition emblemed is one of marking time: marching in place. Psychologically interpreted, the wife can symbolize an emotional component of the psyche: a desire or feeling; the husband would be a mental component: perhaps discrimination. If this is the only changing line, the new hexagram becomes number thirty-two: Consistency, with a corresponding line that confirms the ineffectual condition. While man is a soul in essence he may, while incarnate in flesh, forget his real origins and indeed live out his whole existence in an animal [like] or vegetable [like] consciousness.
Z.B.S. Halevi -- Adam and the Kabbalistic Tree
A. Marking time, treading water -- a harmless but fruitless diversion.
B. A flare-up of an old condition. Something returns, flowers, and dies to no particular purpose.

周易第二十八卦上九爻详解详解
上六爻辞
上六。过涉灭顶，凶，无咎。
象曰：过涉之凶，不可咎也。
白话文解释
上六：盲目涉水，水深过顶，虽遇凶险，但终归没有灾难。
《象辞》说：盲目涉水遭致危险，事已至此，谴责亦属无益。

北宋易学家邵雍解
凶：得此爻者，不宜进取，退守为安，面部或有疾。做官的有功高震主身危之祸。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：下过苦工，赢得声名。
财运：出货谨慎，以免失利。
家宅：小心水灾。
身体：颜面浮肿，可能难治。

上六变卦

  上六爻动变得周易第44卦：天风姤。这个卦是异卦（下巽上乾）相叠。乾为天，巽为风。天下有风，吹遍大地，阴阳交合，万物茂盛。姤（gǒu）卦与夬卦相反，互为“综卦”。姤即媾，阴阳相遇。但五阳一阴，不能长久相处。

上九爻的哲学含义

大过卦第六爻，爻辞：上六：过涉灭顶，凶，无咎。爻辞释义
涉：干涉，劝止。灭顶：面临致命的危险。
本爻辞的意思是：涉过深之水以至于淹没了头顶，有凶险，但是没有过错。
从卦象上看，上六这一爻居全卦的顶端。大过卦的象征意义就是水淹木舟，上六这一爻象征着河水淹至头顶。上六这种境遇是大势所趋，其对此无可奈何。但是上六以阴爻居阴位，得位，虽然有凶险，但是其没有过错，不应该受到责
《象》曰：“过涉之凶”，不可咎也。这里指出，“涉过深之水会发生凶险”，是不应该责怪的。
占得此爻，你可能来到了一个新岗位。以前堆积的问题很多，你在工作中遇
到了困难，没有把工作做好，或者是做砸了。但这是你的前任留下的问题，你没有办法挽回，所以即使你做得不好，也没有人责怪你。
上六：过涉灭顶，凶，无咎。
象曰：过涉之凶，不可咎也。
经文意思是：徒步过河被水淹没了头顶，凶险。没什么可遠责的。
象辞意思是：徒步过河遇到了凶险，没有什么可指责的。
上六处于大过卦的极宄之位，并且处于上卦兑卦的最上爻，兑为泽，所以有过河之象。而全卦卦象正是泽水没过树木顶端的形象，上六急于过河，又身临没过树顶的大泽中，所以说“过涉灭顶”。而其结果肯定是凶险了。可这是无可指责的，因为必须得渡过河去才能生存，身临泽中不能不渡，所以尽管结果凶险，也没有可指责的地方。

上六：过涉灭顶，凶，无咎。
《象传》曰：过涉之凶，不可咎也。
“过涉灭顶”者，谓犯危险而涉河，不得达岸，水没其首也。互卦《乾》为首，爻例上为顶，上六《兑》爻，《兑》为水泽，位在酉，上值胃，附星积水，石氏云“积水星明，则大水出”，故有“过涉灭顶”之象。六爻以阴居阴，才力俱弱，但其志在救时，虽履患踏险，明知“过涉”之多凶，而忘身济国，有不遑反顾者，即使其功不成，其志深足尚焉，复有何咎？此所谓勇士不忘在沟壑，志士不忘丧其元，万世纲常，正赖此辈以存也。
【占】　问战征：恐有主将阵亡之惨。
○　问功名：有头悬梁、锥刺之苦志，宜其声名远达，有志竟成。
○　问营商：运货出洋，最宜谨慎。
○　问疾病：恐水气上冲，头面浮肿，凶。
○　问家宅：恐有大水泛涨，墙倾屋倒之患。
○　问六甲：生女。
【例】　某县人携友人某之书来曰：今谋新创一事业，深有所虑，请占其成否如何？筮得《大过》之《姤》。
断曰：六爻居《兑》卦之终，志在救时，未免过于决裂，是以凶也。今足下占事而得此爻，知足下所谋事业，有关公益，但其中事多颠覆，率意径行，祸有不测，还宜待时而动，毋蹈于危，徒自苦耳。切嘱切嘱！后此人不用此占，遂至失败。
【例】　明治二十八年，占我国与法国交际，筮得《大过》之《姤》。
断曰：上爻居外卦之极，殆谓外交既平以后，又将别起一波乎？爻辞曰“过涉灭顶，凶”，我国自过海远征，清国战败，我军即此凯旋。就爻象《观》之，或者他国谓我刚强过甚，将有出而干涉其事者，亦未可知也。后果有俄、法、德三国同盟，干涉与清国和款，逼我即还辽东。我政府措置，能适此卦意，无事结局云。

Line-6
Legge: The sixth line, magnetic, shows its subject with extraordinary boldness wading through a stream, till the water hides the crown of her head. There will be evil, but no ground for blame.
Wilhelm/Baynes: One must go through the water. It goes over one's head. Misfortune. No blame.
Blofeld: While he was fording the river, the water rose above his head -misfortune, but he was not at fault.
Liu: One walks through the water and it goes over his head. Misfortune, no blame.
Ritsema/Karcher: Exceeding wading submerges the peak. Pitfall. Without fault.
Shaughnessy: Surpassing and fording causes the top of the head to vanish; inauspicious; there is no trouble.
Cleary (1): Excess reaching the peak of destruction is unfortunate; there is no blame on other people. [At the end of Excess of the Great, being ignorant and acting arbitrarily, not knowing the medical substances or the firing process, doing whatever comes to mind, going astray and not returning, the damage is worse the higher one goes; excess reaches the peak of destruction. One calls misfortune upon oneself – it is no fault of others. This is Excess of the Great in the sense of being weak and entertaining illusions.]

Cleary (2): Going too far, passing away at the peak, there is misfortune, but no blame. [Here are only the virtues of flexibility and uprightness, without the ability to solve difficulties, so misfortune cannot be avoided; but one is really not to blame. In Buddhist terms, this is when correct concentration has no insight, winding up as a fall at the peak.]
Wu: He is drowned while crossing the river. This is foreboding, but blameless.
CONFUCIAN COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Evil follows wading with extraordinary boldness through the stream, but the act affords no ground for blame. Wilhelm/Baynes: One should not join blame to the misfortune of going through the water. Blofeld: This presages a misfortune for which we cannot possibly be blamed. Ritsema/
Karcher: Not permitting fault indeed. Cleary (2): The misfortune of going too far cannot be blamed. Wu: The ill fortune of getting drowned should not be a cause for blame.
Legge: The sixth line pursues her daring course with an intent to rectify the extraordinary exigency of the time and benefit all under the sky. She is unequal to the task and sinks beneath it, but her motive justifies the judgment on her conduct.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man pursues his objectives for the public good, regardless of the consequences and danger. Misfortune results. But no blame is attached to his conduct, because there are certain things more important than life itself.
Wing: The goal is worth accomplishing, although the sacrifice to attain it may be confounding in its enormity. No blame is attached to such action, although you should realize the extraordinary reality of what is happening.
Anthony: It is careless to wish to accomplish our task, no matter what happens. Plunging ahead on our own is always dangerous and willful. It is best to retain carefulness, allowing ourself to be guided. Meanwhile, having followed our principles is without blame, even though the result may be dangerous.
Editor: Like any line in the I Ching, this one is open to more than one interpretation. It can suggest suffering while undertaking a necessary but difficult task, or it can portray one ignorantly “pushing the river” in pursuit of goals one doesn’t really understand. Legge's commentary about being “unequal to the task”
is not explicit in the original line -- i.e.: failure is not necessarily a foregone
conclusion. Life's lessons are often painful -- that's just the way it is, and you are not to blame for it. Cleary (1)’s mention of “medical substances, etc.,” refers to Taoist alchemical procedures.

If anyone wants to be a follower of mine, let him renounce himself and take up his cross every day and follow me. For anyone who wants to save his life will lose it; but anyone who loses his life for my sake will save it.
Luke 9: 23-25
A. Plunge in and accept the consequences of your choices: Bite the bullet and do your duty.
B. A painful lesson in the school of hard knocks.
C. “The road to hell is paved with good intentions.”
June 28, 2002, 4/23/06