14 · 火天大有

大有卦原文

大有。元亨。

象曰：火在天上，大有。君子以遏恶扬善，顺天休命。

白话文解释

大有卦：昌隆通泰。

《象辞》说：本卦下卦为乾为天，上卦为离为火，火在天上，明烛四方，这是大有的卦象。君子观此卦象，取法于火，洞察善恶，抑恶扬善，从而顺应天命，祈获好运。

《断易天机》解

大有卦离上乾下，为乾宫归魂卦。大有卦为柔得尊位，抑恶扬善，丰财利义，象征天命所归，得人心，因此主吉。

北宋易学家邵雍解

日丽中天，遍照万物；盛大富有，持盈保泰。

得此卦者，正当好运，事事吉祥，大有收获，但需防物极必反，盛极转衰。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解

时运：亨通无比，大放异彩。

财运：放手去做，财富自来。

家宅：积善之家，子孙保之。

身体：虚火上升，小心诊治。

传统解卦

这个卦是异卦（下乾上离）相叠。上卦为离，为火；下卦为乾，为天。火在天上，普照万物，万民归顺，顺天依时，大有所成。

大象：太阳在天，遍照大地万物，但五阳争一阴，须知有盈即缺。

运势：得时得运，昌荣大吉，但防物极必反，盛极而衰。

事业：事业已经取得一定的成就，最忌得意忘形，胡作非为。务必止恶扬善，坚守中正，交往正直的朋友，戒惧谨慎，兢兢业业，真正做到大而不盈，满而不溢，事业可望迈上新的台阶。

经商：兴隆昌盛，已摆脱困难状态，进入兴旺发达的阶段，如能克制贪财的心理，确守诚信原则，公平待人，克勤克俭，尤其应时刻注意市场动向，适时转轨，可望长久。

求名：已经小有名气，切勿就此满足，停顿不前，尤其不可陷入世俗圈内，应继续努力，在真正朋友的帮助下，更上一层楼。

婚恋：条件优越，可供选择者多，以慎重为好。对于家庭双方应尽力维护。

决策：性格坚强，勇于战胜困难，奋斗向上，前进途中困难和厄运很多，唯有认真对待才能不断取得成功，如放松警惕，骄傲自满，将带来惨重失败。朋友很多，交际广泛，对事业很有帮助，但其中也有拆台的小人。

第十四卦的哲学含义

大有这一卦是异卦，由乾卦和离卦组成，上卦为离，为火;下卦为乾，为天。火在天上，普照万物，万民归顺，顺天依时，大有所成。

火天大有这一卦，从以下方面的含意而得其名：乾刚健，离光明，以刚健的行为，朝着光明的方向去奋斗，成功就大有希望，就会有所得。乾刚健，为内卦，

说明美在内心;离光明，为外卦，说明体现在外部的手段光明磊落。具备这种表里一致的美德，才是真正的大有。

火天大有卦位于同人卦之后，《序卦》中这样解释道：“与人同者，物必归焉，故受之以大有。”寻找到志同道合的人，大家齐心协力做事，物产自然丰富起来，所以接下来就是大有了。

《象》曰：火在天上，“大有”;君子以遏恶扬善，顺天休命。

这句话的意思是说，大有卦的卦象是乾(天)下离(火)上，为火在天上之表象。火焰高悬于天上，象征太阳照耀万物，世界一片光明，农业大丰收，“大有收获”。“顺天休命”，“顺”就是服从的意思;“休”有顺其自然的意思。

有道之士在“大有”的时候所作的事就是只需要顺服“天道”;不必过多地操心自己的命运。君子在这个时候要阻止邪恶，颂扬一切善行，顺应天命，替天行道，以保护万物性命。所以一定要注意遏恶扬善，顺天休命。

大有卦启示的是顺天依时的道理，属于上上卦。象征大有收获，象征富有，从一开始就顺达，昌隆通泰。在占卦时，大有卦属于上上卦，求官得官、求财得财，其间纵有反复，必如所愿。《象》是这样来断此卦：砍树摸雀作事牢，是非口舌自然消，婚姻合伙来费力，若问走失未脱逃。

大有卦的卦象是上卦为离为火，下卦为乾为天，火着到了天上便是大有卦的卦象。俗话说“众人拾柴火焰高”，大家围在一个火堆旁构成同人卦，可是众人聚在一起每个人给火堆添一把柴便可以让火焰烧到天上去，可见众人团结起来才会有更大的力量，才会有更大的收获。另外，离为日，乾为天，大有卦的卦象还有明日中天的形象。中午的太阳是最亮的，最热的，所以古代常以日中表示事物的鼎盛时期。

14.火天大有(䷍)-高岛易断

按：大字从一从人。一者天也，以人贯天，天人一致，所以谓大也。有字从又从月，又手也，持也；月渐渐生光，满则光大，有大有之象焉。此卦《离》上《乾》下，《离》炏，《乾》作三，合作

字。卦位六五一阴居尊，五刚之大，皆为尊位所有，故曰《大有》，遂以《大有》名卦。阴小阳大，阳为阴所有，宜曰小有，不知爻虽阴，位则居阳，五刚为九五主阳位者所有，故不曰小有，曰《大有》。

大有：元亨。

《正义》曰：柔处尊位，群阳并应，能大所有，故称《大有》。元为善之长，大有得《乾》之元，以流行成化，故以“元亨”归之。程子曰：诸卦“ 元亨利贞”，《彖》皆释为“大亨”，恐与《乾》《坤》同也。凡卦有“元亨”者四，《大有》、《蛊》、《升》、《鼎》也。

《彖传》曰：《大有》，柔得尊位，大中而上下应之，曰“大有”。其德刚健而文明，应乎天而时行，是以元亨。

此卦下《乾》上《离》，《乾》者天也，《离》者日也，是日在天上，遍照万物，庶类繁昌，君心下交，贤才辈出，物之大者，人之大者，皆归我所有之象也。以其所有之大，名此卦曰《大有》。《大有》者，包括宇宙之大而有之也。卦中一阴五阳，五阳皆服六五柔中之德化，故曰“《大有》，柔得尊位，大中而上下应之，曰《大有》”，“大中”者，犹曰正中也，从容中道，见天子建中和之极，启天下大顺之化，柔能应天，故上下皆应之也。六五之君，虚以容人，中以服人，明以知人，是以得独擅《大有》之尊称。无论诸爻得位或失位，并无凶咎者，以其皆应六五也。且内卦《乾》刚健，外卦《离》文明，六五之君，应于《乾》之九二，应乎《乾》，即应乎天也。应天而时行，其德如是，是以“元亨”，不在上下五阳，而在六五一阴。夫健而不明，则不能辨，明而不健，则不能决，惟健而明，乃足以保其大有也。盖“刚健而文明”者，德之体，存其德于身也；“应乎天而时行”者，德之用，施其德于政也。应天乃所时行，时行必本于应天，德本一贯，人君有如此之德，天下虽大，可运于掌上也。“元亨”者，元即从乾元来，亨者通也；乾健高明，居尊应天，是得“元亨”之道也。

以此卦拟人事，凡人处世，贵贱尊卑，各从分限，有所宜有，故各宜保其所有。然求有之道，又宜出于公，而不宜溺于私也；又宜取诸远，而不宜拘于近也。私则情意系恋，而有必不正；近则见识狭隘，而有必不广。譬如求学，当扩其识于上下古今，而识斯大也；譬如求财，当搜其利于山川海陆，而利斯大也。然必健以行之，而无或自怠；明以察之，而无为所蔽。德则应乎天，行则合乎时，如是以求有，则我之所有，可包括夫天下之有；天下所有，皆统归于我之所有，庶几所有者皆公而非私，亦可即近而及远矣。此之谓“大有元亨”。人能玩味《 易》象，凡其作事，顺天而无违，出于公不溺于私，取诸远不拘于近，是即《大有》之道也。

以此卦拟国家，六五一阴在天位，而抚有五阳。《乾》为富，为正大，《离》为福，为公明，具此公明正大之德，即未尝富有天下，而其量已足包天下矣，《系辞传》所谓“富有之谓大业”是也。《 周易》六十四卦中，一阴五阳之卦凡六，而一阴占君位者，惟此一卦，是以能得《大有》之名也。故《大有》之世，六五之君，虚己而抚育万民，集臣民之贤者，使之从大中之政。九四为近侍之臣，以明哲而有为；九二为正应之臣，刚健而多才；六五能信任不疑，凡臣民之有为有才，皆得收用其效，而若己有之者也。制作尽善者，元也；治化四达者，亨也。是以其政公明正大，德被四海，天下之事，各得其理，天下之民，各得其所，国富民裕，上熙下安，世日进者文明，治堪造者康乐。抚此良庶之人民，大起富强之国势，纳四海之广于利用厚生之中，图天下之大归一道同风之俗。凡下民身家衣食，皆得被其泽，使不敢自私其有，咸欲以所有举之于上也。是之谓《大有》，谓之“上下应之”也。

《同人》之卦，文明之化行于下，庶民皆有君子之风，而无乖戾之俗；《大有》之卦，文明之德备于上，天下咸被圣人之泽，而无缺陷之遗。《比》卦以一阳居尊，下应五阴，其应者皆系民庶；《大有》以阴居尊，下应五阳，其应者皆系贤人。得天下贤人而应之，其德之所有，岂不大乎！

通观此卦，以五阳函一阴，一阴具离明之德，升五爻之天位，诸阳崇之，天子富有四海之象也。《比》卦以一阳统五阴，受《师》之后，宜继乱用刚；此卦一阴统五阳，受《同人》之后，宜继治用柔。《离》火为阳精，与天同体，天体高而火炎上，高明无极。上九“自天佑之，吉无不利”者，为君同于天之象。六爻皆以贡上为义，初为民，二为臣，三为诸侯，四为辅政之大臣，五为天子，上为天人。天子富有天下，天下百物之利，九壤之赋，皆天之所生。五者天之子也，以天之物，养天之子，造化之定理，谁得而干之！士君子涉世饮啄皆天也，况其大者乎？此《大有》之占也。

《大象》曰：火在天上，大有，君子以遏恶扬善，顺天休命。

《离》为日，乾为天，日在天上，照见物之繁多，故曰《大有》。夫“日在天上”明至也，明至则公明正大，而善恶无逃。君子体天，善则举之，恶则抑之，庆赏威罚，各得其当，即福善祸淫之道也，故曰“遏恶扬善，顺天休命”。其“遏恶”，使其有所惩也；其“扬善”使之有所劝也。民能惩恶劝善，天下岂有不治者哉！夫天命之性，有善而无恶，“遏恶扬善”亦不过顺天命之本然。推之讨有罪，奉天之休命而遏之也；命有德，奉天之休命而扬之也。五刑五用，怒非有私，五服五章，喜非有私，于是恶无不化，善无不劝，大有之治，长保永久也。

【占】　问时运：目下亨通，如日在天上，有光明遍照之象。

○　问商业：可放胆大做，有富有日新之象。

○　问家宅：必是祖基素封，积善之家，宜诫劝子弟，培植善根，家业可永保也。

○　问战征：主将星明耀，赏罚得中，万军用命之象。

○　问行人：必满载而归，大利。

○　问六甲：生男。

○　问疾病：不利。

○　问讼事：主公明断结，否则亦必和息。

Judgment

Legge: Wealth means great progress and success.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Possession in Great Measure. Supreme success.

Blofeld: He who possesses much -- supreme success!

Liu: Great Possessions. Great Success.

Ritsema/Karcher: Great Possessing, Spring Growing. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of your relation to an overriding concern or central idea. It emphasizes that organizing all your efforts around this idea is the adequate way to handle it...]

Shaughnessy: The Great Possession: Prime receipt.

Cleary (1): In great possession are creation and development.

Cleary (2): Great possession is great success.

Wu: Great Wealth is primordial and pervasive.

The Image

Legge: Fire over Heaven -- the image of Wealth. The superior man represses evil and nurtures virtue in accordance with the benevolent will of heaven.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Fire in heaven above: the image of Possession in Great Measure. Thus the superior man curbs evil and furthers good, and thereby obeys the benevolent will of heaven.

Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes fire in the heavens. [When the trigram for heaven is above, whatever is below may be separated from it; when it is below, it indicates fusion or intermixture with what is above. The significance here is that the splendor of a very great man lights up the heavens.] The Superior Man suppresses those who are evil and upholds the virtuous. Most gladly he accords with heaven and carries out its commands.

Liu: Fire over heaven symbolizes Great Possessions. The superior man suppresses evil and honors virtue, and thus follows the will of heaven and waits upon destiny.

Ritsema/Karcher: Fire located above heaven. Great Possessing. A chun tzu uses terminating hate to display improvement. A chun tzu uses yielding-to heaven to relinquish fate.

Cleary (1): Fire is in the sky; great possession. Thus does the superior person stop evil and promote good, obeying heaven and accepting its order.

Cleary (2): … Leaders obey nature and accept its order by stopping the bad and promoting the good.

Wu: Fire above and heaven below form Great Wealth. Thus the jun zi suppresses the evil and promotes the good; he abides by the will of heaven to enrich his life.

COMMENTARY

Confucius/Legge: Wealth shows the magnetic line in the central ruler's place, and honored by the dynamic lines above and below. The figure is composed of the trigrams of Strength and Clarity. The central line of Clarity responds to the central line of Strength, eventuating in timely action. This indicates great progress and success.

Legge: Wealth means "great havings," and symbolizes a kingdom, family or individual in a state of prosperity. The danger in such a position arises from the pride it is likely to engender. Here however, everything is against that: the place of honor is occupied by a magnetic line, so that the ruler will be humble, and all the dynamic lines will respond to her with sympathetic allegiance. The ruler's seat is in the central position of the trigram of Clarity, and hence her strength is directed by intelligence, and all her actions are timely, like the seasons of heaven.

Fire above the sky shines far -- symbolizing the vastness of the territory of wealth. To develop virtue and repress evil is in accordance with the will of heaven, which has given to all men a nature fitted for goodness.

Cleary (2): All states of being have this essence inherent in them and are indeed made of this essence, but all states other than that of complete enlightenment are out of harmony with this essence in some way. Buddhahood is when you accord with this essence.

Wu: As the sun shines brightly high in the sky, both the good and the bad will be exposed. The responsibility of the jun zi is to discriminate between them. He acts in accordance with the nature of goodness (the will of heaven) to enrich his life.

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES

Judgment: The greatest kind of Wealth accrues from furthering the Work. The Superior Man manages his forces in accordance with the goals of the Work. Wealth is the inverse of the preceding figure, Union of Forces. If the thirteenth hexagram depicts a process of uniting, the fourteenth might be seen as the completion of that process. To have one's inner forces correctly united is indeed Possession in Great Measure, which is the title that Wilhelm gives to this figure. It is emphasized in the Image that this Wealth must be administered in accordance with the "benevolent will of heaven,” which is to say: the principles of the Work must always guide one's choices if one is not to lose equilibrium and become pauperized by illusion. The superior man considers a rich possession of moral principles to be honor, and peace in his person to be wealth.

Chou Tun-I