第 36 卦 · 地火明夷

明夷卦原文
明夷。利艰贞。

象曰：明入地中，明夷。君子以莅众，用晦而明。

白话文解释
明夷卦：卜问艰难之事则利。
《象辞》说：本卦内卦为离，离为日，外卦为坤，坤为地。太阳没入地中，是明夷的卦象。君子观此卦象，治民理政，不以苛察为明，而是外愚内慧，容物亲众。
《断易天机》解
明夷卦坤上离下，为坎宫游魂卦。明夷即明德被伤，象征君子受厄，此时百事宜息，静观待变。

北宋易学家邵雍解
日入地中，光明被伤；万事阻滞，等待时运。
得此卦者，时运不佳，事事劳苦，宜坚守正道，忍耐自重，等待时机。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：明哲保身，以避灾厄。
财运：明无利润，暗中分红。
家宅：父子分居为宜；不是明媒正娶。
身体：肝大郁积，注意保养。

传统解卦
这个卦是异卦（下离上坤）相叠。离为明，坤为顺；离为日；坤为地。日没入地，光明受损，前途不明，环境困难，宜遵时养晦，坚守正道，外愚内慧，韬光养晦。
大象：太阳掩没在坤地之下，大地黑暗，有失明之象。
运势：百事阻滞，小人加害，遇事多迷惑，宜守，静待时机而动。
事业：处于不利的环境，宜心境坦然地处置险恶的条件，增强心理素质，承受各种压力。表面柔顺小心，内心洞察事理，当离去则离去，避免灾祸，脱离危险。防患于未然，坚持逆境中奋斗。
经商：认真观察市场动态，待机行动，但须坚持商业道德，即使处于不利情况下，也要冒险向前，特别是要向南方发展，会大有收获。
求名：内心保持大志，行动刻苦忍耐，奋斗于逆境，自守其志，收敛聪明而不外露，于混乱中更应坚持正义，守愚藏拙。
婚恋：必须全面分析对方情况，不能因小失大。注意大节。
决策：处在不佳的状况下，环境困难，前途不明。但若能坦处厄运，能伸能屈，前景会变光明。尤其应加强修养，隐忍行志，外愚内慧，可以遇难呈祥。如能谨慎行事，处处小心，更能有所作为。

第三十六卦的哲学含义

明夷卦卦象，地火明夷卦的象征意义
明夷卦是异卦相叠，下卦为离，上卦为坤。离为明，坤为顺；离为日，坤为地。日没入地，光明受损，前途不明，环境困难。施于人事，则为暗主在上，明臣在下，而不敢显其明智之谓也。宜遵时养晦，坚守正道，外愚内慧，韬光养晦，以避小人之害。
明夷卦位于晋卦之后，与晋卦为正覆卦。《序卦》说：“进必有所伤，故受之以明夷。夷者，伤也。”晋升或前进之中难免有所损伤，所以接着出现了明夷卦，意指光明受到伤害。程颐这样解释明夷卦与晋卦的区别：“晋者明盛之卦，明君在上，群贤并进之时也。明夷昏暗之卦，暗君在上，明者见伤之时也。”
《象》中这样解释明夷卦：明入地中，“明夷”；君子以莅众，用晦而明。
《象》中指出：明夷卦的卦象是离（火）下坤（地）上，离为火，代表光明，为光明入地下之表象，象征着“光明被阻”。君子要能够遵循这个道理去管理民众，即有意不表露自己的才能和智慧，反而能在不知不觉中使民众得到治
明夷卦象征光明受阻，属于中下卦。《象》中对此卦的评断是：时乖运拙走不着，急忙过河拆了桥，恩人无义反为怨，凡事无功枉受劳。

36.地火明夷(䷣)-高岛易断
  “明出地上”，谓之“火地”；此卦反之，谓之“地火”。明出于地，光明上炎，故卦为《晋》，进也；明入于地，光明下蔽，故卦谓《明夷》，伤也。当此《明夷》之时，暗主临朝，众正并受其伤；《离》来居下，地往居上，日入地中，明受其夷。《序卦》曰：“晋者，进也，进必有所伤，故受之以明夷。”是以谓之地火《明夷》。
明夷：利艰贞。
《明夷》，明受夷也。卦体上《 坤》下《离》，《坤》地《离》火，火入地中，则火为土掩，火光不能上炎而生明，是火为土所克，而《离》火受伤。火既受伤，势不能出《坤》而自炫其明道，惟晦而已矣。“艰”，以敛其彩，“贞”，以匿其光，退而避伤，潜以为利，是用晦之道也，故曰“明夷，利艰贞”。
《 彖传》曰：明入地中，明夷。内文明而外柔顺，以蒙大难，文王以之。利艰贞，晦其明也。内难而能正其志，箕子以之。
卦象日出地则明，日入地则暗，暗则伤明，是以《晋》卦《大象》曰“昭明”，此卦《大象》曰“用晦”。所谓变而不失其正，危而能保其安者，得此用晦之道耳。古之圣人有行之者，内修文明之德，外尽柔顺之诚，即至躬履大难，羑里受囚，七年之中，秉忠守职，无有二心，此文王之所以为文王也，谓之“内文明而外柔顺，以蒙大难，文王以之”。然文是外臣，与纣疏远，其晦犹易，又有分居宗亲，谏则受戮，去无可往，而被发佯狂，甘辱胥余，此箕子所以为箕也，谓之“内难而能正其志，箕子以之”。“内难”者，以箕子为纣之宗亲，夫以贵戚之卿遇暗主，去之则义不忍，不去则祸迫朝夕，是尤人臣之所难处。箕子能佯狂以晦其明，得以免难，是殷三仁中之最著者也。总之当纣之世，不以艰贞晦明，则被祸必烈，文王箕子之行，可谓千古人臣用晦之极则也。论二圣之行，文王箕子，易地则皆然，孔子释六十四《彖》，皆推广文王，《彖》辞之义，独于此卦称文王，抑有故也。盖“明入地中”，为文王事纣之象，文王有大明之德，而幽囚羑里，又可见“明入地中”之象。人得此卦，知时运之艰险，当固守贞正之道。《明夷》之时“利艰贞”，与他卦所言“利贞”不同，凡爻中曰“利艰贞”者，多就一爻言之，而《明夷》一卦，则全卦皆以“利艰贞”取义。《象》曰“君子用晦而明”，即“利艰贞”之旨也，其垂诫深矣。
以此卦拟人事，为当门祚衰薄，家遭不幸之时也。《 坤》母在上，《离》子在下，子虽明不得于母，是《晋》文之出亡而存，宜臼之在内而诛。不明犹可，明则遭祸尤烈，古来孽子，家破身亡，类如斯焉。推之与人共事，而逢首之昏庸，为国从征，而值元戎之柔暗，有才见忌，有德被谗，不特于事无济，而且身命莫保，所谓“顽石得全，璞玉必剖”，明之害也。《明夷》一卦，要旨全在“用晦”二字，以晦藏明，明乃无害，以明用晦，晦得其正。《坤》为用，又为晦，的是用晦之义。《离》之德上炎，《离》之体中虚，中虚则足以藏明，是为“用晦而明”之象。谚语有云“闭口深藏舌，安身处处稳”，亦处世之要诀也。人生入而处家，出而谋国，不幸运际其艰，所当法《明夷》之晦，用以自全耳。
以此卦拟国家，上卦《坤》为政府，《坤》土过厚而致暗；下卦《离》为臣民，《离》火虽明而被制，明在地下，是贤臣遇暗主之象。盖身当乱世，动涉危机，才华声誉，皆足招祸，是以庸庸者受福，皎皎者被害，亦时势使然也。君子处此，常凛履薄临深之惧，倍怀韬光匿彩之思，有才而不敢自露其才，有德而务思深藏其德，或见风而早退，或明哲而保身，是谓“用晦而明”之君子也。故六爻取义不同，而其旨不外“用晦”。内三爻属《离》，为鸟，为马，为狩，鸟以高飞，马以行远，狩以献公，皆晦《离》之明，以避祸也；外三爻属《坤》，四曰“出门”可免，“入地”则凶。五为卦主，以箕子当之，皆用《坤》之顺以晦明也。此关国家兴废之大，圣如文王箕子，祗惟乐天知命，尽其臣道，以挽天心，是以六爻不言吉凶。言吉凶，转开小人趋避之门，非圣人用晦之道也。
通观此卦，《明夷》次《晋》，“晋者，进也，进而不已必伤”，时有泰否，道有显晦，时与道违，虽圣贤不能免灾。《晋》之时，明君当阳，康侯得受其宠；《明夷》之时，暗主临下，众贤并被其伤。太阳入地中，明为之所夷，故贤虽正不容，道虽直不用，仁者怀其宝，智者藏其鉴，“用晦而明”，得其旨焉。就六爻而分言之，初九为《明夷》之始，当逸民之位，见几早去，以潜藏为贞，有保身之智，如伯夷、太公是也。六二文明中正，为《离》之主，承《 坤》之下，当辅相之位，以匡救为贞，守常执经，如文王是也。九三当明极生暗之交，与上六相应，通变达权，顺天应人，如武王是也。六四弃暗投明，见几而作，知上六之不可匡救，洁身而去，如微子是也。六五居《坤》阴之中，分联宗戚，职任股肱，不幸而躬逢暗主，以一身系社稷之重，能守贞正，如箕子是也。上六穷阴极晦，与日俱亡者，如商纣是也。总之，《明夷》全卦，以上六为卦主，下五爻皆为上爻所伤，就中内三爻所伤尤甚，故皆首揭“明夷”二字，以示伤害之重也。其象以上卦《晋》为日出，此卦为日落。日者君也，君以贤人为羽翼，以忠臣为股肱，以其身为元首，以亲戚大臣为腹心，乃可登天而照四国。今初爻羽翼伤，二爻股肱伤，三爻元首堕，四五腹心离，上爻之所以入地，其伤节节可睹，其象历历可危。后世人主，当取以为鉴。
《大象》曰：明入地中，明夷，君子以莅众，用晦而明。
《离》为明， 坤为地，“明入地中”，光明藏而不用之象，君子则之。《坤》为众，故曰“莅众”，以御其众也。知不可不明，亦不可以过明，不明则人皆欺我，过明则物不我容，所当纳明智之德，于宽柔之中，韬其光而不露，蕴其美而自全，斯上不至妒其功，众皆得以服其化。以此履盛，盛而益显，以此涉危，危亦得安。古之圣贤，旒纩以塞聪明，树屏以蔽内外，不欲明之过用者，胥是道也。
【占】　问时运：运当大难，深宜晦藏。
○　问战征：《象》曰“莅众”，适值用师之时，宜效明修栈道暗度陈仓之计，必得胜也。
○　问营商：卦象艰难，大众恐难取利，暗中尚有分肥。
○　问功名：《离》火被土所克，功名不显，显则反有灾害。
○　问家宅：家道不顺，或父子分居，尚可保全。
○　问婚姻：必非明媒正娶。
○　问疾病：是肝火内郁之症，治宜熄火。
○　问讼事：宜受曲罢讼，可以免祸。
○　问六甲：生女。

Judgment
Legge: Under the conditions of Clouded Perception be aware of the difficulty of your position and maintain firm correctness.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Darkening of the Light. In adversity it furthers one to be persevering.
Blofeld: Darkening of the Light. Righteous persistence in the face of difficulty brings reward.
Liu: Darkening of the Light. It benefits one to carry on through hard times.
Ritsema/Karcher: Brightness Hiding, Harvesting: drudgery, Trial. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of intelligence hidden or harmed. It emphasizes that deliberately concealing your light by entering what is beneath you is the adequate way to handle it. To be in accord with the time, you are told to: hide your brightness!]
Shaughnessy: Calling pheasant: Beneficial to determine about difficulty.
Cleary (1): In concealment of illumination, it is beneficial to be upright in difficulty.
Cleary (2): When illumination is damaged, it is beneficial to be upright in difficulty.
Wu: Light Obliterated indicates that it is advantageous to be persevering in time of danger.

The Image
Legge: The sun enters the earth -- the image of Clouded Perception. The superior man manages his subordinates and shows his intelligence by keeping it hidden.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The light has sunk into the earth: the image of Darkening of the Light. Thus does the superior man live with the great mass: He veils his light, yet still shines.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes light hidden within the earth. In governing the people, the Superior Man, though taking care to conceal his light, nevertheless shines.
Liu: The sun sinking under the earth symbolizes the Darkening of the Light. In approaching the people the superior man veils his brightness, yet still has glory.
Ritsema/Karcher: Brightness entering earth center. Brightness Hiding. A chun tzu uses supervising the crowds to avail-of darkening and-also Brightening.
Cleary (1): Light enters into the earth, illumination is concealed. Thus do Superior people deal with the masses, acting unobtrusively while in fact illuminated. [When practitioners of the Tao are among the masses, if they use their illumination too much, they will startle the ignorant and amaze the worldly, easily bringing on abuse and slander.]
Cleary (2): Illumination goes underground, in concealment of illumination. In dealing with the masses, true leaders act unobtrusively while in fact being illuminated. [What sages learn is to become daily more illumined unbeknownst to others.]
Wu: The light enters the earth; this is Light Obliterated. Thus the jun zi uses the spirit of dimness in place of brightness to administer affairs of the populace. [By “dimming” his internal strength, he would make people feel that he is one of them.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The image of Brightness entering into the midst of the earth suggests clarity that has been wounded or obscured. The lower trigram shows Clarity, the upper Docility. King Wen had both of these qualities, yet he was involved in great difficulties. The individual concerned should obscure his brightness. Thus was Count Chi able to correctly maintain his mind and intent amidst the difficulties of his situation.

Legge: This hexagram shows an able officer going forth in the service of his country, notwithstanding the occupancy of the throne by a weak and unsympathetic ruler. Hence the name Clouded Perception or Intelligence
Wounded -- that is, injured and oppressed. The lesson of the figure is to show how such an officer will conduct himself and maintain his purpose. King Wen was not of the line of Shang. Though opposed and persecuted by its sovereign, he could pursue his own course, till his line came in the end to supersede the other. It could not be so with the Count of Chi, who was a member of the House of Shang. He could do nothing that would help on its downfall.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment: Recognize a difficult situation and use your willpower to cope with its restrictions. The Superior Man manages the situation by subduing his need to speculate, meddle, or call attention to himself. (Alternate: When in the presence of arrogance, the wise man plays the fool.) The thirty-fifth hexagram shows the trigram of Clarity progressing over
the earth -- an image of advancing awareness. The thirty-sixth hexagram is the
inverse of this -- it shows the trigram of Clarity swallowed up by the earth. If the image of Advance of Consciousness symbolizes noon, when the sun is at the midheaven, then Clouded Perception symbolizes midnight, when the sun is at the Imum Coeli, or undersky. It is a time of maximum darkness, maximum ignorance; a time when the dark forces of the unconscious are at their strongest. We are reminded of the Dark Night of the Soul, an inescapable and inevitable phase of the Work: When, at length, they have practiced themselves for some time in the journey of virtue, persevering in meditation and prayer, wherein, with the suavity and relish they have found, they have become detached from worldly things, and acquired some spiritual strength in God, so as to be able to curb the creature appetites and in some small degree suffer for God some slight load and dryness, without turning back at the crucial moment; when, to their thinking, they are proceeding in these spiritual exercises to their entire satisfaction and delight; and when the Sun of Divine favors seems to them to shine most radiantly upon them, God darkens all this light, and shuts the door and fountain of the sweet spiritual water, which they were wont to drink in God as often and as long as they chose ... and thus, he leaves them in darkness so profound that they know not whither to direct the sense of the imagination and speculations of the mind.
St. John of the Cross

The Dark Night of the Soul is the universal experience of everyone who follows the way beyond the tried and true paths of the spiritual dilettante. It is an archetypal filter for determining the survival of the fittest in psychic evolution. For those who have entered this phase of the Work, it is good to remember that no one is given a test that they can't pass if they sincerely want to. The situation in line five of this hexagram means little to one who is unacquainted with Chinese history. In its essence, the story of Count Chi concerns a superior man who was imprisoned by an evil emperor. The only way that he could survive this dark time was to feign insanity. Thus the message in the Image counsels us to show our intelligence by concealing it. There is a wide range of applications for this rule, and perhaps Lao Tse gives us the best paraphrase of the idea in his famous aphorism: He who knows does not speak; He who speaks does not know. In terms of the Work this can mean that one must firmly understand that there are some things which cannot be shared with just anyone. Inner work is very fragile until it has had time to crystallize, and to expose its truths to the harsh light of unsophisticated intellect is to risk severe damage to the process of individuation. One must not tell people of things they cannot grasp. There are mysteries that cannot be shared with everybody ... Some things can be told to no one and a secret told to a wrong person is destructive and even irresponsible.
M.L. Von Franz -- The Feminine in Fairytales This hexagram can symbolize many situations, but sometimes it is a suggestion that you are ignorant or "in the dark" about the true state of affairs now prevailing.

周易第三十六卦初九爻详解
初九爻辞
初九。明夷于飞，垂其翼。君子于行，三日不食。有攸往，主人有言。
象曰：君子于行，义不食也。
白话文解释
初九：“鹈鹕在飞翔，停栖在沼畔。君子离家走，三日无食粮。”筮遇此爻，有所往，则必遭主人谴责。
《象辞》说：君子在旅途中，依礼义不能蒙羞受食。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，或有手足之伤，善者有进财纳福之喜。做官的有飞黄腾达之象，但谨防有失。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：未能腾达，善自保全。
财运：资本有损，主人烦言。
家宅：最好迁居；婚姻不谐。
身体：食道有疾，或病在手。

初九变卦

  初九爻动变得周易第15卦：地山谦。这个卦是异卦（下艮上坤）相叠，艮为山，坤为地。地面有山，地卑（低）而山高，是为内高外低，比喻功高不自居，名高不自誉，位高不自傲。这就是谦。

初九爻的哲学含义

明夷卦第一爻，爻辞：初九：明夷于飞，垂其翼；
初九：明夷于飞，垂其翼；君子于行，三日不食。有攸往，主人有言。爻辞释义
于飞：指在飞行之中。
本爻辞的意思是：光明遭到损伤时，就像飞鸟低垂着翅膀，惊慌快行。君子若要退避隐藏，就是丢掉职位、没有饭吃也不在乎。但君子若在此时行动，必然要受到当政者的责备。
初九：明夷于飞，垂其翼；君子于行，三日不食。有攸往，主人有言。人生启示
“明夷卦”是“明入地中”，大地陷入黑暗。初九有动向，想要迅速离开，飞离此地。但是迫于时势，要“垂其翼”，希望低调保命。占得此爻者，在困难时期要保持低调，不要与人争强好胜，默默地做好手头上的事，不要着手上新的项目，也不要理会周围的流言蜚语。
《象》中说道：“君子于行”，义不食也。这里指出：“君子隐藏退避”是由于坚持道义和原则而不愿再拿这份俸禄了。明夷卦强调要坚守正道，对于君子来说，为了做到这一点，即使失去俸禄或钱财也不在所不惜了。
初九：明夷于飞，垂其翼。君子于行，三日不食。有攸往，主人有言。
象曰：君子于行，义不食也。
经文意思是：光明进入地中，鸟儿都回到了巢里不再飞翔。君子要离开，三天不吃东西。有所往，主人有责怪之言。象辞意思是：君子决意要离开，道义上不能再接受食祿。
明夷卦是从小过卦变化而来，小过卦的九四爻与初六爻互换，便成为明夷卦。小过卦有飞鸟的形象，小过的初六为鸟翼，现在来到了明夷卦六四的位置，所以有鸟收拢双翼的形象（即垂其翼）。

初九：明夷于飞，垂其翼。君子于行，三日不食。有攸往，主人有言。
《象传》曰：君子于行，义不食也。
“于飞，垂其翼”者，谓飞鸟伤翼而下垂。“君子于行，三日不食”者，谓仓促决去，而无可得食。“有攸往”者，去此曰行，适彼曰往。“主人有言”者，谓或议其迂阔，或讽其偏固，虽未定其何辞，要不免啧有烦言也。初爻与四为害应，被四所伤，《离》为飞鸟，故取以为喻。鸟遭伤而不得安栖，欲去而避其害，故曰“明夷于飞，垂其翼”。但初当《离》之始，去上犹远，受伤尚浅，其去也，见风犹早。“三日不食”，《离》为大腹，其体中虚，中虚则腹空，不食之象。“三日”者，以《离》三爻皆明而见夷，故曰“三日”。君子接续而行，谓既去其国，不食其粟，故《传》曰“义不食也”。“君子”，谓初也；“主人”，谓四也。初与四应，四欲伤初，初为避四而远行，四见初去而有言，如初者可谓明于见几，而不受四之所伤，真善用其晦者矣。
【占】　问时运：初运不佳，惟其善自保全，得以无害。
○　问战征：为营中粮食已尽，且宜暂退。
○　问营商：《明夷》者，恐资本有伤，运货远行，有中途受难之象，又恐主人啧有烦言也。
○　问功名：于飞垂翼，明示以不能腾达之象。
○　问婚姻：初爻与四相应，而反相害，婚姻不谐。
○　问家宅：此宅必是租典，非己屋也，故有主人；“三日不食”，有破灶不炊之象，不利，宜迁。
○　问六甲：生女。
【例】　有友人某甲赶来，请占气运，筮得《明夷》之《谦》。
断曰：《明夷》，《离》火被《 坤》土所掩，明受伤也；《离》又有离散之义。《观》足下相貌，骨间有黑气所蒙，是明被黑掩，知将与主人离散矣，故爻曰“主人有言”。玩初爻之辞，显见足下与主人不谐，意欲辞去。爻曰“于飞，垂其翼”，恐欲行而为主家所缠束，故垂翼而不能飞也。即从此他往，恐前途不利，尚有子胥吹箫之难。时运不佳，宜匿迹避祸。
【例】　明治二十八年，占我国气运，遇《明夷》之《谦》，呈之内阁总理大臣。
断曰：此卦日入地中，为昏暮之时。就我国近时论之，《离》火之文明，盛于内地，逼于外国之交际，未能如意，故曰“明夷，利艰贞”。今者我军战胜清国，余曾于本年六月初次启占，占得《需》卦，知海陆军之全胜；并料后日有三国干涉之议，外或以威武为颂扬，内实以富强生嫉妒，是各国之狡计也。今得此卦，知我军当此战胜之余，军舰或有损伤，而不适于用，兵士或有疲敝，而不可复劳，则犹如鸟之伤翼而不能飞扬，谓之“明夷于飞，垂其翼”。计欲进而相抗，无如兵力之不足何？计欲退而议和，无如国民之不服何？日夜筹思，几废寝食，谓之“三日不食”。爻象所谓“用晦而明”者，是指我所向往也；谓之“有攸往，主人有言”者，即指三国烦言也。
果哉！四月媾和之约成，同时有三国之干涉，我遂还付辽东，得偿金而结局。

Line-1
Legge: The first line, dynamic, shows its subject with clouded perception, flying, but with drooping wings. When the superior man is about his business he may go for three days without eating. Wherever he goes, the people there may speak derisively of him.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Darkening of the light during flight. He lowers his wings. The superior man does not eat for three days on his wanderings. But he has somewhere to go. The host has occasion to gossip about him.
Blofeld: Failure of the light during his progress through the sky caused him to lower his wings. When busy with affairs, the Superior Man may go without food for three days on end, so intent is he on reaching his goal; but his lord will have something to say about this.

Liu: The darkened light flies and droops its wings. The superior man fasts for three days during his wanderings. His host speaks of him with derision. He leaves to go someplace.
Ritsema/Karcher: Brightness Hiding tending-towards flying. Drooping one's wings. A chun tzu tending-towards moving: three days not taking in. Possessing directed going. A lord: people possessing words.
Shaughnessy: The calling pheasant in flight, drops its left wing: the gentleman on the move, for three days does not eat; there is someplace to go; the ruler has words.
Cleary (1): Concealing illumination in flight, letting the wings hang down; a superior man on a journey not eating for three days has a place to go. The master is criticized.
Cleary (2): Illumination concealed in flight, etc … The ruler has something to say.
Wu: It is like a bird in flight with its wings drooping. If the jun zi takes a journey, he may go without food for three days and his host will have words about his undertakings.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: In such a case he feels it right not to eat. Wilhelm/
Baynes: It is the obligation of the superior man to refrain from eating during his wanderings. Blofeld: It is the duty of the Superior Man to go without food for three days if his activities require this of him. Ritsema/Karcher: A chun tzu tending-towards moving: righteously not taking-in indeed. Cleary (2): It is right that they do not eat. [This is like a just person fleeing a vicious tyrant … such is the speed of travel that they do not have the leisure to eat for three days.] Wu:
For righteousness sake, he refuses to eat.]
Legge: Line one is dynamic, and in its right place. He should be going forward, but the general signification of the hexagram supposes him to be wounded. The wound, received at the commencement of the action, is but slight. It suggests a bird hurt so that it must droop its wings. The subject then appears directly as the superior man. He understands that he must desist from the struggle for a time, and is so rapt in the thought that he can fast for three days and not think of it. When he does withdraw, opposition may follow him, but he holds to his own purpose. The commentary says that he does not purposely fast, but when he has nothing to eat he doesn't complain. He thinks it right that it should be so in this case.

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: At the outset, the man encounters hostility and derision in his attempt to soar above all obstacles. He does not compromise but perseveres in his thinking and remains true to his principles. People do not understand him.
Wing: An attempt to rise above the obstacles in your environment will be met with hostility. If you decide to serve your personal drives and compromise the needs of society, you will be misunderstood and censured. Such is the difficulty of the position.
Editor: Flying: Air is the realm of thought. To fly is to move in the realm of ideas: to think, speculate, reason. Drooping wings: Wounded in the realm of thought: impaired thinking, inferior conceptualization, crippled by faulty ideas or incomplete information, “clipped wings.” He does not eat: he doesn't jump to conclusions, but reasons it out to the end. Three days: A period of completion. ("The Chinese say that numbers begin at one and are made perfect at three." -Gaskell, Dictionary of Scriptures and Myths.) People speak derisively: Subordinate elements within the psyche (emotions, etc.) clamor for resolution, easy answers, etc. Psychologically, this combination of symbols points to a confused situation which demands careful differentiation. Though answers may not be forthcoming immediately, be patient and you will get what you seek. The line can also refer to painfully following one's path regardless of consequences. (Compare with symbolism of fourth line correlate.)
In a word: the first work of the hero is to retreat from the world scene of secondary effects to those causal zones of the psyche where the difficulties really reside, and there to clarify the difficulties, eradicate them in his own case (i.e., give battle to the nursery demons of his local culture) and break through to the undistorted direct experience and assimilation of what C.G. Jung has called "the archetypal images." This is the process known to Hindu and Buddhist philosophy as viveka, "discrimination."
Joseph Campbell -- The Hero with a Thousand Faces
A. Your thinking is confused and requires a new point of view. Don't jump to easy conclusions. Even though you are anxious to resolve the issue, you are obliged to reason it through to the end.

周易第三十六卦九二爻详解
六二爻辞
六二。明夷，夷于左股，用拯马壮，吉。
象曰：六二之吉，顺以则也。
白话文解释
六二：鹈鹕，鹈鹕，伤于左股，君子负伤，因马获救。吉利。
《象辞》说：六二爻辞所讲的吉利，是因为六二阴爻处于九三阳爻之下，正像马顺从主人善体人意。

北宋易学家邵雍解
吉：得此爻者，常人或有难，但会得贵人之助。做官的会有实权，能当大任。读书人会取得好成绩。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：贵人相助，幸免于难。
财运：策划不当，难免损失。
家宅：修缮完整；妇有足疾。
身体：左足受伤。

六二变卦

  六二爻动变得周易第11卦：地天泰。这个卦是异卦（下乾上坤）相叠，乾为天，为阳；坤为地，为阴，阴阳交感，上下互通，天地相交，万物纷纭。反之则凶，万事万物，皆对立，转化，盛极必衰，衰而转盛，故应时而变者泰（通）。

九二爻的哲学含义

明夷卦第二爻，爻辞：六二：明夷，夷于左股，用拯马壮，吉。爻辞释义
左股：左边大腿。拯：拯救。马壮：指壮马。
从卦象上看，六二这一爻属于阴爻居柔位，得势，守中得正。六二具有柔顺中正的特性，这种人在昏暗之时，更容易被人欺侮，所以会受到伤害。不过由于这一爻守中得正，会有人前来相助，从而获吉。
《象》中分析此爻道：六二之吉，顺而则也。这里指出：六二爻之所以能够获得吉祥，是因为它柔顺而又坚持原则。
占得此爻者，当处境进一步恶化时，你的活动会受到制约。这时若是有强有力的朋友来帮助，可以帮助你减轻压力。
如果在单位里，可能遇到这样的情况：身边辅佐的人员受到了伤害，应当赶快补充强有力的人来解救危难局面，这就有如伤及左腿时，要以强壮的马来拯救一样，这样方能脱离险境，逢凶化吉。
六二：明夷，夷于左股，用拯马壮，吉。
象曰：六二之吉，顺以则也。
经文意思是：光明进入地中，左股受伤，有强壮的马来拯救，吉祥。象辞意思是：六二爻的吉祥，是由于他即顺从又有原则。
这就好比一个人走夜路，结果把大腿摔伤了。可是由于自己有一匹强壮的马，所以被马所拯救。遇险而有救，所以最终吉祥。六二爻是明夷卦下互卦坎卦的下爻，坎为美脊马、曳马，又代表险，所以有遇险而有马救的爻辞。马是极其通人性的，在故事片中我们会经常看到马怎样救主人的情景。有这样一匹好马，他的主人当然会吉祥了。

六二：明夷于左股，用拯马壮，吉。
《象传》曰：六二之吉，顺以则也。
二为臣位，居《离》之中，与五相应，五《坤》为暗主，反欲伤害贤臣，是《明夷》之所以为《明夷》也。“左股”者，以二为股肱之臣，《管子·宙合》曰，“君立于左，臣立于右，君臣之分，左阳右阴”，以君在左，故二之所伤在左股也，故曰“明夷，夷于左股”。“用拯”者，与换初辞同，拯，救也，助也，子夏作升。二动体《乾》，《乾》为马，乾健故“马壮”，所谓用马以自拯拔也。虽伤反吉。《象传》曰“顺以则也”，《 坤》为顺，以顺则之，是承乾也，即取《乾》马用拯之义。或谓二爻中虚，即内文明之象，卦属周文，文居西岐，视纣都为左，故喻取左股；文囚羑里，当时贡以文马九驷，是谓用拯实事。义殊精切。
【占】　问时运：目下运不甚佳，颇有伤残，幸得禄马相救，故吉。
○　问战征：左营之军不利，幸马队得力，得以转败为胜。
○　问营商：按策划不适时宜曰左计，知其营谋不合时，故有损失，幸得有马姓人出而调剂，则吉。
○　问功名：凡官级以降曰左，似不利也；惟值午年，或交午运，则吉。
○　问疾病：《离》二中虚，如陷进然，其人必陷入深坑；伤其左足，幸马力壮健，得一跃而出，虽伤亦吉。
○　问家宅：必在左边柱足损伤，宜急修治。
○　问婚姻：《离》阴象，女子恐有足疾，不良于行，宜配午命人吉。
○　问六甲：生女。
【例】　明治二十二年，古某贵显气运，筮得《明夷》之《泰》。
断曰：《明夷》《象》曰“明入地中”，是为入夕之时。人生命运，以向明为盛，以入夕为衰。今君占气运，得《明夷》二爻，推玩爻辞所云，恐君目下运限，未免有损伤刑克。左道邪僻之徒，切不可近；行路时宜小心，防左足有跌伤之患；并虑疮疾。大运须交午运乃佳，或逢午年，或值五月，皆利。

Line-2
Legge: The second line, magnetic, shows its subject with clouded perception and wounded in the left thigh. She saves herself by the strength of a swift horse, and is fortunate.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Darkening of the light injures him in the left thigh. He gives aid with the strength of a horse. Good fortune. [Here the Lord of

Light is in a subordinate place and is wounded by the Lord of Darkness. But the injury is not fatal; it is only a hindrance. Rescue is still possible.]
Blofeld: Though injured in the left thigh, he made use of a horse in relieving
distress -- good fortune!
Liu: The darkened light injures his left thigh, but he is saved by a strong horse. Good fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Brightness Hiding. Hiding tending-towards the left thigh. Availing-of a rescuing horse, invigorating significant.
Shaughnessy: The calling pheasant is wounded in the left thigh; herewith hold aloft the horse's vitality; auspicious.
Cleary (1): Concealment of illumination. Getting hurt in the left leg calls for rescue; if the horse is strong, it bodes well.
Wu: His left thigh is wounded. There will be good fortune if a strong horse is used to save him.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Her good fortune is due to the proper fashion of her acting according to her circumstances. Wilhelm/Baynes: The good fortune comes from [the line's] devotion to the rule. Blofeld: This good fortune results from compliance with laws and regulations. [The implication would seem to be that, when charged with emergency duties, we must persist in carrying them out at all costs.] Ritsema/Karcher: Yielding used by-consequence indeed. [Byconsequence (-of), TSE: very strong connection, reason, cause, result; rule, law, pattern, standard...] Cleary (2): The luck of the second yin is in model obedience. Wu: Abiding by the principle.
Legge: Line two is magnetic, but in her proper and central place, giving us the idea of an officer, obedient to duty and the right. Her wound in the left thigh may impede her movements, but it does not disable her. She finds the means to save herself and maintain her good purpose. The "proper fashion of acting" is suggested by the magnetic line being the central place.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is injured but is not disabled. He recovers and pursues his good purpose with the strength of a horse.
Wing: Rather than disabling you, a recent injury that you have sustained on your path will serve to inspire you toward affirmative and vigorous action in the direction of the general good.

Editor: The thigh is a walking muscle, giving us the power to move or act. The left is a universal symbol of the unconscious psyche and its functions. The left thigh, then, is an image of unconscious motive power, or natural motivation. To be "wounded in the left thigh" suggests an impeded natural response, as opposed to a conscious, willed response. (When associated with the idea of Clouded Perception, this may refer to a failure of insight or intuition.) A horse represents energy in general; here it may be psychic energy relating to perception -- "horse- sense," if you will. One is reminded of the centaur Chiron, the “wounded healer” of Greek myth, who was also wounded in the thigh. In astrology, Chiron symbolizes unhealable wounds, and although it may be stretching the symbolism here, dealing with such wounds is a natural part of the
Work: they may be unhealable, but they must be dealt with nonetheless. In the words of an old Blues lyric: “I may get better, but I won’t get well.” Sometimes receiving this line is a hint that if you were in touch with your inner processes you wouldn't have needed to ask the question. Fusion, inner unity, is obtained by means of "friction," by the struggle between "yes" and "no" in man. If a man lives without inner struggle, if everything happens to him without opposition, if he goes wherever he is drawn or wherever the wind blows, he will remain such as he is. But if a struggle begins in him, and particularly if there is a definite line in this struggle, then, gradually, permanent traits begin to form themselves, he begins to "crystallize."
Gurdjieff
A. Crippled by ignorance, but saved by instinct -- let horse-sense be your guide.
B. A lack of awareness has crippled your ability to respond, but the impetus of your innate sense of what is correct will carry you through.

周易第三十六卦九三爻详解详解
九三爻辞
九三。明夷于南狩，得其大首，不可疾，贞。
象曰：南狩之志，乃大得也。
白话文解释
九三：在南方的猎区，拉弓射箭，获得一些大野兽。筮遇此爻，占问疾病则不利。
《象辞》说：决心在南方狩猎，大称其意。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，有修屋宇造作之兆。不良者，左股或有伤，多忧愁分离之患。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：退守南方，可以得志。
财运：耐心经营，终见光明。
家宅：乡里富家；得其佳偶。
身体：南方修养较宜。

九三变卦

  九三爻动变得周易第24卦：地雷复。这个卦是异卦（下震上坤）相叠。震为雷、为动；坤为地、为顺，动则顺，顺其自然。动在顺中，内阳外阴，循序运动，进退自如，利于前进。

九三爻的哲学含义

明夷卦第三爻，爻辞：九三：明夷于南狩，得其大首；不可疾，贞。爻辞释义
狩：指狩猎。大首：指首领。疾：指急切。
明夷卦第三爻，爻辞：九三：明夷于南狩，得其大首；不可疾，贞。人生启示
从卦象上看，九三爻属于阳爻居刚位，得位。阳爻具有好动、积极向上的特性，九三在下卦的终位，既有动向又心存光明，可以付诸行动。
《象》中这样分析本爻：南狩之志，乃大得也。这里指出：有到南方征伐巡狩的志向，就会有非常大的收获。
占得此爻者，虽然在艰难之中，但仍然可以有所作为，只要不操之过急，行动仍然能有所收获。
九三：明夷于南狩，得其大首，不可疾，贞。
象曰：南狩之志，乃大得也。
经文意思是：光明进入地中，在南方狩猎，捕捉到大首领，不可操之过急，坚守正道。象舌羊意思是：南方狩猎的事件，说明可以得到大的收获。
天黑了，动物们都在熟睡，这种情况去捕捉动物，则更容易获取猎物。然而相对于战争来说，夜袭也是一种极容易克敌制胜的战术。爻辞中所描述的便是一次成功的夜袭经过。不但打败了敌人，而且还俘获了敌人的头领。但是在这种情况下，由于黑暗不明，所以不利于穷追不舍，将敌人斩尽杀绝，所以“不可疾”。
爻辞中之所以“南狩”，主要是因为九三是明夷卦的下卦离卦的最上爻，离在文王八卦方位图中代表南方。

九三：明夷于南狩，得其大首，不可疾贞。
《象传》曰：南狩之志，乃大得也。
三居《离》位之终，南者《离》之本位，狩者冬猎，守地而取之也。自《离》而《坤》为向西，《坤》伤明不可往，故曰“南狩”。《离》为兵戈，不曰行师，而曰狩田，亦托言从兽以自晦耳。
按：《离》卦上六，曰“王用出征，有嘉折首”，首谓魁首，是恶之大者也。今曰“得其大首”，必是兽之大者？获其大而舍其小，即圣人网开一面之意，于此可见离明之仁德也。“疾”，数也，因狩讲武，固事之正，然数数为之，非特犯从兽无厌之戒，抑且涉日讨军疲之忌，非用晦之道也，故曰“不可疾，贞”；《象传》曰“南狩之志，乃大得也”，谓当此明夷之时，犹得于田行狩，私豵献豕拜，嫌隙不生，得适其晦藏之志，亦大幸矣。一说“南狩”，谓即文王猎于南阳，得遇太公，以得大首，喻太公也。足备一解。
【占】　问时运：大运不无破败，是宜退守；交冬令，从南出行，必得大利。
○　问战征：卦曰《明夷》，明曰进兵，必有伤败，宜潜兵从南而入。《离》上爻曰，“王用出征，有嘉折首”，即合此占。
○　问功名：南方属文明，猎兽猎名，皆期其得。“大首”，魁首也，其必膺首选乎？故曰“志大得也”。吉。
○　问婚姻：婚礼奠雁射雀，亦取从禽之象，“得其大首”者，谓得其嘉偶。吉。
○　问疾病：当出避南方。吉。
○　问失物：可就宅南寻之，必得。
○　问六甲：生女。
○　问家宅：此宅《离》位南向，“大首”者，一乡之大富家也。吉。
【例】　明治十六年，某商人来，请占气运，筮得《明夷》之《复》。
断曰：《明夷》，“明入地中”，《离》为日，日入《 坤》土之中，明受其伤，故曰《明夷》。“夷者，伤也”，以论人生气运，是目下运被伤害，本不见佳。足下商人，以商业论之，当于冬季，可往南海道一带收卖货物，必有一种大档生意，可以获利。然不宜再往，谓之“明夷于南狩，得其大首，不可疾贞”。后果得大利云。
【例】　明治二十七年八月二十六日，占平壤进军，筮得《明夷》之《复》，乃赠之于某氏。
断曰：此卦内卦日，外卦地，是太阳旋入地中之时。古来说卦者，以此爻为武王之事，曰“于南狩，得其大首”，谓言周之伐商，得其全胜。今占平壤进兵，而得此爻，九月十五日，我军自四面围击平壤，自南而北者，为大岛少将之队，战甚苦，少将亦被铳伤，此应在《明夷》，夷，伤也。自北而南者，为佐藤大佐之队，得其大胜，陷牡丹台，逼玄武门，遂殪敌将左宝贵，敌军悉溃，十六日晓，不损一兵，而取平壤。曰“南狩”，曰“得其大首”，一一中的，《易》理之玄妙如此！

Line-3
Legge: The third line, dynamic, shows its subject in the condition of clouded perception, hunting in the south, and taking the great chief of the darkness. He should not be eager to make all correct at once.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Darkening of the light during the hunt in the south. Their great leader is captured. One must not expect perseverance too soon.
Blofeld: Wounded while on a military expedition in the south, he still managed to capture the rebel leader. Persistence amounting to madness should be avoided.
Liu: The southern expedition of the darkened light captures the leader. Act without rushing. Continue.

Ritsema/Karcher: Brightness Hiding tending-towards the South, hounding. Acquiring its great, the head. Not permitting affliction. Trial.
Shaughnessy: The calling pheasant is wounded in the southern hunt, getting its great head; it is not permissible to determine about illness.
Cleary (1): Illumination concealed, going south hunting, catching the big chief; hasty correction won’t do.
Wu: A royal hunt in the southern country bags the head of the chieftains. It is correct to go without haste.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: With the aim represented by hunting in the south a great achievement is accomplished. Wilhelm/Baynes: The purpose of the hunt in the south has great success. Blofeld: His willingness to undertake the expedition to the south symbolizes determination to achieve great results. Ritsema/
Karcher: The South: hounding's purpose. Thereupon acquiring the great indeed. Cleary (2): A big catch. Wu: The goal is to make big gains.
Legge: Line three, dynamic in a dynamic place, is the topmost line of the lower trigram of Clarity. He responds to his proper correlate in line six, emblemed in this hexagram as the seat of the weak tyrant. The solar light is found in the south, to which we turn when we look at the sun at noon, and hence the subject of this line is seen as a hunter successfully pursuing his quarry. Although successful he should not be overeager to put all things right at once.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man encounters the chief of disorder and captures him. Despite swift victory, he is not overly eager to put all things in order in one fell swoop. Only gradualness is effective in correcting the long-standing evils.
Wing: You come face to face with the perpetrator of wrong thinking. Circumstances are such that you can effortlessly seize control of the situation. Proceed carefully. It is dangerous to attempt to abolish an old and ingrained pattern all at once.
Editor: The south is where the light is found, and to hunt there is to seek enlightenment in the matter at hand. To take the "great chief of the darkness" is to apprehend the source of the problem. To "not be eager to make all correct at once" can be a caution about imposing intellectual reasoning on emotional forces. (Line 18-2 is similar in this respect.) In its most neutral interpretation, the line suggests the comprehension of a problem.

Filling the conscious mind with ideal conceptions is a characteristic of Western theosophy, but not the confrontation with the shadow and the world of darkness. One does not become enlightened by imagining figures of light, but by making the darkness conscious.
Jung -- Alchemical Studies
A. To understand a problem is easier than to correct it. Don't expect instant success.

周易第三十六卦九四爻详解详解
六四爻辞
六四。入于左腹，获明夷之心，出于门庭。
象曰：入于左腹，获心意也。
白话文解释
六四：回到深隐之处吧！走出居室，进入社会，就感到环境的险恶，退隐的念头油然而生。
《象辞》说：回到深隐之处，就满足了退隐的心意。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，出外营谋者会顺利，妇人有孕者生男，不良者或生心腹之疾。做官的闲职者会复职，在职者，多出外任职，韬光养晦者必出身成名。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：出明入暗，出门为宜。
财运：外出经商，称心致富。
家宅：路有阻碍；妇已有孕。
身体：心腹之症，出门求医。

六四变卦

  六四爻动变得周易第55卦：雷火丰。这个卦是异卦（下离上震）相叠，电闪雷鸣，成就巨大，喻达到顶峰，如日中天。告戒：务必注意事物向相反方面发展，盛衰无常，不可不警惕。

九四爻的哲学含义

明夷卦第四爻，爻辞：六四：入于左腹，获明夷之心，于出门庭。爻辞释义
本爻辞的意思是：进入左方腹部，能够深入了解光明被阻的内部情况，于是坚定地跨出门庭，离开这里。
从卦象上看，六四爻属于阴爻居柔位，位居上卦之初。明夷卦的昏暗在上卦，所说六四已经进入了昏暗之中。
《象》中这样分析道：“入于左腹”，获心意也。这里指出：六四爻已经“进入左方腹部”，因此能够从内部深刻了解光明受阻的情形，了解到昏暗之君的心思与用意，然后决定离去，就像商朝时微子了解了商纣王之后，离开朝廷一样。
占得此爻者，陷入了困境之中，而且了解到了困境形成的原因：可能是领导昏庸，可能是小人当道。这时要下定决心，离开是非之地。当然，在这种最黑暗的时候，仍然要心存光明，坚守正道，这样才能重新被理解和重用。
六四：入于左腹，获明夷之心，出于门庭象曰：入于左腹，获心意也。
经文意思是：进入近臣内侧，获悉光明损伤的内情，走出了院子象辞意思是：进入近臣内侧，可以获得君王的真实想法。

六四：入于左腹，获明夷之心，于出门庭。
《象传》曰：入于左腹，获心意也。
四爻出《离》入《坤》，《坤》为大腹。按卦位，《坤》在《离》之西，为左，“入于左腹”者，即入于《坤》之腹也。入其腹中，自可获其心意，乃不曰获《坤》之心，而曰“获明夷之心”；“明夷”者，合全卦而言，即为“用晦而明”之心，是能卑顺不逆，可效腹心之用者矣。“出”，出《离》也，《坤》方来，故曰“入于”；《离》已退，故曰“于出”。又初之六为《艮》，《艮》为门庭，门庭光明之地，“于出门庭”，亦即取“用晦而明”之义。一说“于出门庭”，谓即微子去之之象。《明夷》一卦，分配周兴商亡，厉历可证。
【占】　问时运：爻象出明入暗，知为不利，不宜居家，还宜出门。
○　问战征：可潜入敌之左营，探听密计，出告大营，可胜也。
○　问功名：功名以高升为吉，“入于左腹”，《 坤》为腹，是入于地也。不吉。
○　问营商：释名，“腹”，复也，富也。入于腹，即入于富也；获心，即称心也；“于出门庭”，是出家经商之象。
○　问疾病：是病在心腹，恐是内损之症，宜出门求医。
○　问家宅：此宅明堂左首，路有阻碍，出入不便。
○　问婚姻：女子腹已有孕，不利。
○　问六甲：生女。
【例】　缙绅某来，请占气运，筮得《明夷》之《丰》。
断曰：时运宜阳不宜阴，宜明不宜暗，卦象曰《明夷》，“明入地中”，是向暗入夜。今得第四爻，据爻辞所言，料知贵下执事中，必有腹非小人，隐探贵下心意，藉端生事，出告于长官，致长官有疑于贵下，遂使事事多有掣肘。此皆目下气运之不利也，不如退身避祸。
后依所占，转恳友人陈告长官，长官诺之，使之转任他局云。

Line-4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows its subject just entered into the left side of the belly of the dark land. But she is able to carry out the mind appropriate to the condition of clouded perception, quitting the gate and courtyard of the lord of darkness.
Wilhelm/Baynes: He penetrates the left side of the belly. One gets at the very heart of the darkening of the light, and leaves the gate and courtyard.
Blofeld: It is as though he had penetrated someone's left side and perceived a darkened heart as clearly as if that heart had been abstracted from its dwelling place. [The Chinese text for this line is so far from clear as to suggest that it is corrupt. My interpretation must be regarded as no more than an intelligent
guess. The actual text runs something like this: "Into left side, obtain lightdarkened heart -- or heart of the light-darkening -- outside the gates and courtyards (of home)." Fortunately, the commentary on this line explains the general meaning, so the matter is not of great importance.]
Liu: He penetrates the left belly (an inner place) and wins the heart (confidence) of the darkened light. Then he gets the chance to fly away from the courtyard.
Ritsema/Karcher: Entering tending-towards the left belly. Catching Brightness Hiding's heart. Tending-towards issuing- forth-from the gate chambers.
Shaughnessy: The calling pheasant is wounded in the left belly: Bagging the calling pheasant's heart, in going out of the gate and courtyard.
Cleary (1): Entering the left belly, finding the mind in which illumination is concealed, one leaves the house.
Cleary (2): … Finding the heart of illumination in concealment and going out of the house.
Wu: He enters the left side of the trunk to get at the heart of Light Obliterated. He leaves his house.

COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Having just entered into the left side of the belly of the dark land, she is still able to carry out the idea in her mind. Wilhelm/Baynes: That is, he finds out the inmost sentiment of the heart. Blofeld: This is a way of saying that he saw clearly into the other's heart. Ritsema/Karcher: Entering tending-towards the left belly. Catching the heart, intention indeed. Cleary (2): Entering the left belly is finding the heart’s intent. Wu: For the purpose of learning the intention. [“The left side of the trunk” suggests a darkened area, referring euphemistically to the court of the tyrant king.]
Legge: Line four is magnetic, but in her proper place. She escapes from her dangerous position with little damage. The "idea in her mind" is the idea of withdrawing from the position and escaping.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is in close proximity to the leader of the evil forces. Knowing the latter's secret thoughts, he recognizes that there is no hope for improvement. He therefore leaves the scene before the disastrous storm.
Wing: You are in a fine position to perceive the present situation with clarity. If it appears hopeless and doomed, as it well might, now is a good time to exit.
Editor: Left side: Universal symbol of the unconscious. Belly of the dark land: The center of the unconscious, the source of ignorance, evil, etc. Carry out the mind appropriate to the condition of clouded perception: i.e., the Judgment and Image of the hexagram. Quitting the gate and courtyard of the lord of darkness: Once you see the source of the problem, avoid it henceforth. This line is the proper correlate of line one, which describes a difficult inquiry. In some circumstances, the two lines might be thought of as a question and its answer. The unconscious parts of the psyche are actually, as the term implies,
unknown -- a fact not infrequently overlooked, for it is hard for anyone to believe that factors of which he knows nothing are functioning autonomously within his own psyche. Even when their presence has been demonstrated conclusively, it is often hard for the individual to admit their existence even to himself.
M.E. Harding -- Psychic Energy
A. "Resist not evil" -- avoid it.
B. Clarify your ignorance by getting to the heart of the matter and then act accordingly.

C. You have comprehended an unpleasant truth which demands an obvious and appropriate response.

周易第三十六卦九五爻详解详解
六五爻辞
六五。箕子之明夷，利贞。
象曰：箕子之贞，明不可息也。
白话文解释
六五：殷亡后，箕子逃到东方邻国避难，卜问得吉兆。
《象辞》说：箕子退隐守正，他的光辉形像千古不灭。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，难逢知己，或有家难之祸。做官的须修德养性可保无忧。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：君子固穷，未来通达。
财运：历经艰难，方可获利。
家宅：亲族失和；罢婚为宜。
身体：精神症状。

六五变卦

  六五爻动变得周易第63卦：水火既济。这个卦是异卦（下离上坎）相叠。坎为水，离为火，水火相交，水在火上，水势压倒火势，救火大功告成。既，已经；济，成也。既济就是事情已经成功，但终将发生变故。

九五爻的哲学含义

明夷卦第五爻，爻辞：六五：箕子之明夷，利贞。爻辞释义
箕子：是商纣王的叔父。《韩非子？喻老》篇载：“昔者纣为象箸而箕子怖”。商纣王让人给自己做了一双象牙筷子，别人不以为然，箕子知道后就感到很可怕。箕子说道：“用象牙筷子吃饭就一定不肯用粗碗具，必将犀玉杯盘、山珍海味，进而穿绫着缎、建高阔殿宇楼台，如此下去将一发不可收拾。”后来，纣王越发奢侈淫佚，箕子屡谏而纣王不听。有人劝箕子说：“这个国家已经无可救药了，快走吧。”箕子回答道：“为人臣谏不听而去，是彰君之恶而自说於民，吾不忍为也。”他认为作为一个臣子，进谏规劝君王的不合规矩的言行是自己的责任，君王不听谏，因此要离开君王，这样的做法就是要彰显君主的恶性恶德，标榜自己以取悦于民，自己不能这么做。
箕子在这里遵循了隐恶扬善的原则，这是古代倡导的正人君子所要坚守的美德。作为一个君子，不能整天掀起是非，不能哗众取宠。箕子没有选择离去，又不想助纣为虐，他披散着头发，佯装发狂。后来被商纣王贬为家奴，他就在箕山这个地方隐居下来，经常鼓琴悲怆地歌唱，后人将他歌唱的曲子纪录下来，名为《箕子操》。
在昏暗的专制社会，一个臣子若想不助纣为虐并能安全地活下来，是非常艰难的。箕子在这种情况下，不惜牺牲物质利益、权力和个人名誉，而等待昏暗的过去，光明的到来。他终于等到了这一天，后来周武王打败纣王后，曾经恭恭敬敬、诚惶诚恐地求教于箕子。箕子就把洪范九畴治国大道传授给周武王。
本爻辞的意思是：应采取箕子那种自掩其聪明才智的做法，这样做有利于坚守正道。

六五：箕子之明夷，利贞。
《象传》曰：箕子之贞，明不可息也。
《宋世家》曰：纣为淫佚，箕子谏之不听。人或曰；可以去矣。箕子曰：谏不听而去，是彰君之恶，而自悦于民，吾不忍也。乃披发佯狂而为奴，遂隐而鼓琴。即此可见箕子之贞也。《 彖传》曰，“内难而能正其志，箕子以之”，五爻居上卦之中，故属之箕子，上承《彖传》之意，以释“用晦”之义。《彖传》所谓“内难”者，以纣为同姓也；所谓“正其志”者，即“利贞”也。《象传》曰“明不可息”，谓《洪范·九畴》，其道万古常明，箕子能陈之于周，故虽暂夷而终必明也，是之谓“明不可息”也。
【占】　问时运：目下正当困厄，不失其正，久后必亨。
○　问战征：主师不明，致有谋士逃亡之象。
○　问营商：必历经艰苦，方可获利。
○　问功名：时事日艰，不宜于进，只宜退守。
○　问家宅：主亲族不和。
○　问疾病：防有发狂之症。
○　问婚姻：宜罢婚。
○　问讼事：一时不直，久后自然明白。
○　问六甲：生女。
【例】　明治十八年五月，应千家大教正之命，筮佛教之气运，得《明夷》之《既济》。
断曰：佛法者，印度之圣人，了达三世，其道法灵妙高远，世界宗教中，无出其右者也，自足昭明万世，终古不息。今占得此爻，爻辞曰“箕子之明夷，利贞”，箕子为纣庶兄，因纣无道，谏之不听，乃佯狂为奴而避位，迨周兴，陈《洪范·九畴》，得封，存殷之祀，是其道虽夷而终明也。现在佛法气运，亦犹是商道衰微之时，千家大教正，犹是当日之箕子也，当守其教道之贞，以明其宗旨之传，使释迦之圣德常明，菩提之宗风不灭，皆赖大教正之力也。《象传》曰“明不可息也”，斯之谓也！于是千家大教正叹曰：“呜呼！神佛二道气运，果如此乎？不胜感悟！”

Line-5
Legge: The fifth line, magnetic, shows how the Count of Chi fulfilled the condition indicated by clouded perception. It will be advantageous to be firm and correct.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Darkening of the light as with Prince Chi. Perseverance furthers.
Blofeld: Prince Chi suffered injury, but his persistence along a righteous course was rewarded.
Liu: The darkened light of Prince Chi. Continuance benefits.
Ritsema/Karcher: The winnowing son's Brightness Hiding. Harvesting Trial.
Shaughnessy: Jizi's calling pheasant; beneficial to determine.
Cleary (1): Concealment of illumination in a basket is beneficial if correct.
Cleary (2): The concealment of illumination on the part of a just scion of an evil ruling house is beneficial and upright.
Wu: The way the Viscount of Qi handled the situation of Light Obliterated is advantageous only through perseverance.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: His brightness could not be quite extinguished. Wilhelm/
Baynes: The perseverance of Prince Chi shows that the light cannot be extinguished. Blofeld: His was a light which can never be extinguished.
Ritsema/Karcher: Brightness not permitted to pause indeed. Cleary (2): His understanding cannot be suppressed. [This represents being outwardly flexible while inwardly strong, remaining balanced in the middle, appearing to be ignorant while actually being illuminated.] Wu: The perseverance of the Viscount of Qi made it impossible to obliterate the light.
Legge: Line five should be the place of the ruler, but in this hexagram line six takes that position. The officer here, in the center of the upper trigram, just below the sovereign, is modeled on the Count of Chi, an historical personage.

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man recalls the manner in which Prince Chi preserved his convictions by feigning insanity when trapped in the court of the tyrant Chou Hsin. In coping with danger during times of darkness, he exhibits an invincibility of spirit, coupled with unusual caution.
Wing: You are in an obvious and important role in this situation, yet you are not in accord with it. You are not in a position to struggle against elements that run contrary to your principles. Conceal your ideals and acquiesce outwardly to the powers that be. You will ultimately be rewarded.
Editor: Count Chi "hid his light" by feigning insanity to deceive the tyrant holding him captive. Basically, the idea is that you are "imprisoned" by the situation at hand and powerless to do anything but adapt to it. If you don't surrender your integrity you can persevere through a dark and difficult time. As so often in fifth lines, the image is an echo of the ideas in the Judgment and/or Image of the hexagram as a whole. This particular predicament reminds us of the Biblical story of David: David ... became very frightened of Achish the king of Gath. When their eyes were on him he played the madman and, when they held him, feigned lunacy. He would drum on the doors of the gate and let his spittle run down his beard. Achish said to his servants, "You can see this man is mad. Why bring him to me? Have I not enough madmen without your bringing me this one to weary me with his antics?"
I Samuel 21: 13--15:
A. In the presence of arrogance, the wise man plays the fool. (Now is the time to hide your light.)
B. The Dark Night of the Soul.
C. Clarity in the matter at hand is concealed for now.

周易第三十六卦上九爻详解详解
六五爻辞
六五。箕子之明夷，利贞。
象曰：箕子之贞，明不可息也。
白话文解释
六五：殷亡后，箕子逃到东方邻国避难，卜问得吉兆。
《象辞》说：箕子退隐守正，他的光辉形像千古不灭。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，难逢知己，或有家难之祸。做官的须修德养性可保无忧。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：君子固穷，未来通达。
财运：历经艰难，方可获利。
家宅：亲族失和；罢婚为宜。
身体：精神症状。

六五变卦

  六五爻动变得周易第63卦：水火既济。这个卦是异卦（下离上坎）相叠。坎为水，离为火，水火相交，水在火上，水势压倒火势，救火大功告成。既，已经；济，成也。既济就是事情已经成功，但终将发生变故。

上九爻的哲学含义

明夷卦第六爻，爻辞：上六：不明，晦；初登于天，后入于地。爻辞释义
晦：含有黑暗和昏庸之意。
本爻辞的意思是：没有光明，一片晦暗。起初升到天上，后来陷入地下。
上六爻位于全卦的顶端，代表的是最黑暗之时。五爻与上爻属于上天之位，天上应该有太阳，照射四方的。可是上位者昏庸，不守正道，结果光明“陷入地下"。
《象》中这样解释本爻：“初登于天”，照四国也；“后入于地”失则也。这里指出：“超初升到天上”，是说它的光明能够普照四方各国；“后来陷入地下”，是说它已经因违背正道而丧失了应有的作用，由光明转入了黑暗。
占得此爻者，所处的集团或单位之中，领导昏庸，小人当道，身陷昏暗之上六：不明，晦，初登于天，后入于地。
象曰：初登于天，照四国也。后入于地，失则也。
经文意思是：不光明，晦暗。起初升上天空，后来落在地上。
象辞意思是：起初升上天空，可以光耀四方。后来落在地上，是失去了法则。
上六处于黑暗的极至之处，而最黑暗的时代，同时也是光明快要来临的时代。这就是所谓的黎明前的黑暗。所以在这里，向人们说明了光明与黑暗的轮回与交替现象。“初登于天”，描写的是日出；
“后入于地”，描写的是日落。所以在最黑暗的时刻，要明白光明就要来临了。
象辞对爻辞作进一步的发挥，认为日落导致的黑暗，是因为失去了法则造成的。在这里的日落，已不是我们在傍晚所看到的日落，而指的是一种政治上朋夷卦的腐败，是文明制度的日落，是黑暗腐败的意思。

上六：不明，晦。初登于天，后入于地。
《象传》曰：初登于天，照四国也。后入于地，失则也。
上六居《 坤》之极，为《明夷》一卦之主，是谓昏君，故“不明”而又加之曰“晦”，言昏之又昏者也。初“登天”，后“入地”，是始之自曜其明，卒之“明入于地”，为《明夷》之实象也。《 彖传》所称文王箕子，其圣德之光明，岂不足以照四国？而当日文囚于羑里，箕佯狂为奴，正所谓入地者是也。故明夷之世，昏君在上，以入地者为用晦，登天者为失则。彼世之不审时势，而急求登进，光照未遍，而身败名灭，祸皆自取耳。必如文王之“柔顺”“《蒙》难”，箕子之“内难”“正志”，斯为善处明夷者矣。《明夷》六爻，皆教人以“用晦”之方，昏君之凶，不言可知。
【占】　问时运：初运虽好，后运不佳，万事宜作退一步想，方可无咎。
○　问功名：宜晦藏遁迹，不宜自炫才华。
○　问营商：货价初次太昂，落后太贱，显有天渊之隔，宜得其平。
○　问战征：防攻山夺险，有坠入深渊之患。
○　问婚姻：有先富后贫之嫌。
○　问家宅：此宅面对高山，后临深渊，殊嫌地势低陷。
○　问疾病：初患气冲，后又下泄，难治。
○　问六甲：生女。
【例】　明治二十一年六月，余与坂田服部两氏，合谋制造摄绵土所于尾州热田，推坂田氏为社长。摄绵土制法，密合石灰与粘土，烧造而成。向来我国所用，皆仰外国输入，每年约费数十万元，设立制局，每年可减却十万元。且热田所制之品，优于外国，大得声价。二十三年春，占该社之景况，得《明夷》之《贲》。
断曰：摄绵土制法，本系粘土石灰两物，合制而成，粘土取之污湿地中，所谓“入地”者是也。不取其洁白，而取其黑泽，所谓“不明，晦”者是也。此土出地，历经工匠融化锻炼，犹如“登天”也；炼成后，用以粉墙筑地，俨然“后入于地”也。该社制出之品，工精物美，可得远售外国，即《象传》所谓“照四国也”。玩爻辞之意，合之摄绵土之制造贩行，历历相符，该社之盛行可必也。
阅数月，复占一卦，仍得前爻，益知神之所示，无有异辞，灵妙诚堪畏服。

Line-6
Legge: The sixth line, magnetic, shows the case where there is no light, but only obscurity. Its subject had at first ascended to the top of the sky; her future shall be to go into the earth.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Not light but darkness. First he climbed up to heaven, then he plunged into the depths of the earth.
Blofeld: Nothing to lighten the darkness! Having once climbed to heaven, he later descended into the earth.

Liu: Not light, but shadows. First he ascended to the sky, and later plunged into the earth.
Ritsema/Karcher: Not Brightening, darkening. Initially mounting tendingtowards heaven. Afterwards entering tending-towards earth.
Shaughnessy: Not bright or dark: initially it rises into the heavens, afterwards it enters into the ground.
Cleary (1): The darkness of non-understanding; first ascending to heaven, then descending into the earth.
Cleary (2): In the darkness of ignorance, first ascending to heaven, later going underground.
Wu: Knowing not how to use the spirit of dimness, he first ascends to heaven and then falls into the depths of the earth.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She might have enlightened the four quarters of the kingdom. She has failed to fulfill the model of a ruler. Wilhelm/Baynes: Thus he might have been able to illuminate the lands of all the four quarters of the earth. Because he had lost the rule. Blofeld: He illumined the four quarters of the empire; his descent into the earth means that he transgressed divine law.
Ritsema/Karcher: Illuminating the four cities indeed. Letting-go by consequence indeed. Cleary (2): First ascending to heaven is lighting up the nations; later going underground is losing guidance. Wu: “He first ascends to heaven” when his brightness shines at the four corners of the kingdom, “and then falls into the depths of the earth” when he violates the code of conduct.
Legge: Line six shows the fate of the ruler, who opposes the officer who would do her good and intelligent service. Instead of becoming as the sun, enlightening all from the height of the sky, she is as the sun hidden below the earth.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: There is only darkness. The ruler opposes officers capable of good and intelligent service. He does not shower blessings upon his people but ignores his duties and responsibilities for increasing the common good.
Wing: The current trend is coming to an end. The bad times are consuming themselves and will become but a memory. Those who once struggled to control the situation will fall back into obscurity.

Editor: This line is the Lord of Darkness oppressing the entire hexagram. Psychologically interpreted, the ego has not seen the light. Because this line changes the hexagram to number twenty-two, Persona, there is a hint that some sort of egocentric vanity may be involved. Hence it is that they shun the light of heaven, and cast themselves down into their own light; a light which is like the light from glowing coals, and in some places like that from burning sulphur. But even this light is turned into thick darkness, when any particle of light from heaven flows in there.
Swedenborg -- Heaven and Hell
A. You had clarity, then you lost it.
B. An image of the source of darkness, ignorance or negativity in the situation at hand.
C. A negative element about to be eliminated.
February 12, 2001, 12/09/08