04 · 山水蒙

蒙。亨。匪我求童蒙，童蒙求我。初筮告，再三渎，渎则不告。利贞。

蒙卦：通泰。不是我有求于幼稚愚昧的人，而是幼稚愚昧的人有求于我。第一次占筮，神灵告诉了他。轻慢不敬的再三占筮，轻慢不敬的占筮，神灵就不会告诉他。但还是吉利的卜问。

象曰：山下出泉，蒙。君子以果行育德。

《象辞》说：上卦为艮，象征山；下卦为坎，象征泉。山下有泉，泉水喷涌而出，这是蒙卦的卦象。君子观此卦象，取法于一往无前的山泉，从而以果敢坚毅的行动来培养自身的品德。

蒙卦艮上坎下，为离宫四世卦。蒙即蒙昧，主回还往复，疑惑不前，多忧愁过失，乃是凶卦。

北宋易学家邵雍解

智慧未开，蒙昧闭塞；犹豫不决，缺乏果断。

得此卦者，智慧犹如童蒙，不辨是非，迷失方向；若能顺贤师良友之教，启其聪明则亨通。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解

时运：蓄积德行，出而用世。

财运：矿山生意，果决则吉。

家宅：君子居吉；婚姻之始。

身体：驱去邪热，可保平安。

这个卦是异卦（下坎上艮）相叠，艮是山的形象，喻止；坎是水的形象，喻险。卦形为山下有险，仍不停止前进，是为蒙昧，故称蒙卦。但因把握时机，行动切合时宜，因此，具有启蒙和通达的卦象。

大象：蒙者，昏而无所见也，故宜「启蒙」。

运势：初时迷惑不知方向，须忍耐待机而动，凡事多听取别人意见，则运可通。

事业：事业开始，混乱无序，危机四伏，以勇敢坚毅的行动可以扭转局面。然而必须接受严格教育，培养这种奋发图强的精神。务必脚踏实地，最忌好高骛远，否则会陷入孤立无援的境地。

经商：务必小心谨慎，不得急功近利，尤其应树立高尚的商业道德，以良好的信誉提高竞争力而取胜。

求名：必须接受良好的基础教育，陶冶情操。且动机纯正，可以达到目的。

婚恋：注意考察对方品德，不可以金钱为诱铒。夫妻需相互宽容、理解。

决策：有时会陷入迷惘困顿的境地，加上胆小、不果断，往往误事。如能接受长辈的教诲，甚至严酷的考验，抛弃疑惧的心理，等待适当时机，必然一帆风顺。

蒙卦是教育启蒙的智慧，艮为山，坎为泉，山下出泉。泉水始流出山，则必将渐汇成江河,正如蒙稚渐启，又山下有险，因为有险停止不前，所以蒙昧不明。事物发展的初期阶段，必然蒙昧，所以教育是当务之急，养学生纯正无邪的品质，是治蒙之道。

蒙卦，这个卦是异卦相叠，下卦为坎，上卦为艮。艮是山的形象，喻止；坎是水的形象，喻险。卦形为山下有险，仍不停止前进，是为蒙昧，故称蒙卦。但因把握时机，行动切合时宜;因此，具有启蒙和通达的卦象。

《蒙》卦是《屯》卦这个始生卦之后的第二卦。《序卦》中说：“物生必蒙，故受之以蒙。蒙者，蒙也，特之稚也。”物之幼稚阶段，有如蒙昧未开的状态，在人则是指童蒙。

《象》中这样解释蒙卦：山下出泉，蒙；君子以果行育德。

04.山水蒙(䷃)-高岛易断

“蒙”字古篆从艹，从冖，从

。艹者草昧，冖者掩覆之形，

者众之本字，众三人，《国语》曰：“三人为众”是也。众民未得义方之训，智识未开，昧而不明，犹为物所掩覆之象，是为童蒙之“蒙”。此卦内坎水而外艮山，山下有水，水气成蒸为雾，昏不见山之义，故名曰《蒙》。

蒙：亨。匪我求童蒙，童蒙求我。初筮告，再三渎，渎则不告。利贞。

▲　甲骨文蒙

“蒙亨”之亨，与《屯》之“元亨”同，非谓即蒙即亨，谓蒙昧者能以先觉为师，以启其聪明，斯蒙者亨矣，故谓之亨。“我”指师言，“童蒙”指子弟言，外卦《艮》少男，故有童蒙之象。童蒙而求聪明，莫善于求师，其得师也，宜以至诚请益。《礼》曰，往教者，非礼也，是师无往教之礼，故谓之“非我求童蒙，童蒙求我”。盖弟子之求师，与揲筮求神者同，故谓之“初筮告”。初则其发心也，诚一而不杂，迎其机以告之，其道亨也。若至“再三渎”，则私意起矣，杂而不纯，故不告，即《少仪》所谓“毋渎神”之渎。“不告”，即《诗·小旻》所云“我龟既厌，不我告犹”之义。《说卦传》曰，《艮》为手，自二爻至四爻，互卦有《震》，《震》为草，即以手揲蓍，“初筮”者，其象取此。且六五有颐口之互象，以虚中之孚而问也。“告”者以九二坎之舌，与震之声应之也。“再三”者，三爻四爻为颐口之象，连渎不已，亨贞之道胥失矣。拒以不告，教者之道正，而求者亦不敢不正，故曰“利贞”。

《彖传》曰：山下有险，险而止，蒙。蒙亨，以亨行时中也。匪我求童蒙，童蒙求我，志应也。初筮告，以刚中也。再三渎，渎则不告，渎蒙也。蒙以养正，圣功也。

《屯》之后次以《蒙》，谓山川之位既定，万物繁茂，然犹是蒙昧初启。卦象艮山之下，有坎水之险，水自山上而下，流而为坎。其初为雨为水，不知所自来也。《艮》止也，故“险而止，蒙”；《坎》通也，故“蒙亨，以亨行”。《艮》止则阴气闭结，故暗；《坎》通则阳光透发，故明，有由蒙生明之象。此卦自三爻至五爻而为《 坤》， 坤为地；自二爻至四爻而为《震》，《震》为崔苇，山下之地生崔苇蒙茸，是《蒙》之象也。

以此卦拟人事，有蒙昧无知之象。人幼而智识未发，谓之“童蒙”；不学而不知道义，谓之“困蒙”。六五“童蒙”柔中，天姿本美，幼而无知，功宜养。六四“困蒙”重柔，气禀本昏，而又不知自勉，利宜发，故谓之“山下有险，险而止，蒙”也。九二以刚中而应六五，六五为主，九二发其蒙。以阳爻为师，阴爻为弟子，故师得二爻之阳，以应弟子之求，谓之“非我求童蒙，童蒙求我，志应也”。弟子得五爻之阴，以求师之教，当致其精以叩之，谓之“初筮告”，若再三请益，渎慢不敬，则不告也。《易》之理如此，盖师教通于神道，凡人于未来之事，不得不问之于神，神之教之，所谓“受命如响”也。故告蒙亦曰“初筮”，言神之与人，犹师之与弟，应以诚求，不应以慢渎，谓之“再三渎，渎则不告，渎蒙也”。是以“困蒙”者，圣人所欲启发，“童蒙”者，圣人所欲养正也。养正之道，非由外加，亦即葆其固有之天真而已。凡人之受生于天也，耳自聪，目自明，父子自有恩，君臣自行义，莫不自具也。人能不失赤子之心，则亲亲长长而天下治平。且“童蒙”者人生之初也，“童蒙”而无所养，他日欲望其圣，不可得也，谓之“蒙以之正，圣功”也。

以此卦拟国家，上卦之政府，有山之性，傲然而在高位，固守而不动，乏奋进之精神，怠于政事，而不眷顾下民，惟以刚重镇压之；下卦之人民，有水之性，犹水之就下，陷于困难之中，苦其生活，忘教育之道，不知国家为何物。故《屯》《蒙》二卦，皆为洪荒之世，人民逸居而无教，争夺以谋生，弱肉强食，知己而不知有人。夫天下之人，当其智识未开，而导之于善，则其教 易行，及其嗜欲既炽，天良已汩，则其教难行。政府当此时，宜开导斯民，使之就产业，待其衣食之丰足，而后可教以礼义。得此卦知政府之施政，未得其宜，国家之教育，亦误其方，人心激昂，不保无冒昧之举动也。政府既导之以德，齐之以礼，而下犹不从，不得不出之以政刑，击而除之，亦势所不免也，是以上爻有“击蒙”之象焉。

蒙之时，君子小人，皆不得其位，是非颠倒，邪正混乱，六四一爻，独得其正，亦不容于世，君子为小人所排挤，而不得于世，是国家之蒙也。蒙之世，六五之君，阴柔而顺良，异日听明大启，必将为圣明之君。以尚在幼稚，其德不普于天下，幸有九二之大贤，与之相应，是朝廷之师傅，而负发蒙之重任者也。此爻非以臣求君，而君求臣也，犹太甲之于伊尹，成王之于周公，谓之“非我求童蒙，童蒙求我”也。且以此治国家之蒙，包容蒙昧之民，诱掖扶导之，可以全教育之功，若犹有不奉教益，懒惰放恣，不知俊改，初六所谓“利用刑人”者，戒之深矣。

通观此卦，初六与上九，治蒙之始终也。九二当启发众蒙之任，六五“童蒙”之主，六三则女子之蒙也，六四“困蒙”之下愚者也。故初六蒙昧之民，而不知受教，不勤民业，以致陷于困难，处之刑辟，以惩其非，是以曰“发蒙，利用刑人”。九二为师，具顺良宏涵之德，善容众蒙，训导得直，得继祖先之志，使之守其业，故曰“包蒙吉”，“子克家”。六三，其性奸邪，不从教导，故曰“勿用娶女”。六四有顽固强慢之性。不听师教，自陷困苦，故曰“困蒙，吝”。六五犹是赤子，天性纯正，但智识未开，童稚而居君位，克顺九二师傅之教，遂成达识，此圣人之蒙，所谓聪明睿智，而守之以愚者也，故曰“童蒙，吉”。上九师教不得其正，不以德化，而以刑驱，是为寇也，故曰“击蒙，不利为寇，利御寇”也。

《 易》中六爻之义，初爻对上爻，三爻对四爻，其义自易明也。例如此卦初爻用刑，上爻用兵以击之；二爻“包蒙”以应五爻，五爻“童蒙”以从二爻；三爻见二爻而失身，四爻远二爻而失利。诸卦之例，大凡如此。

《大象》曰：山下出泉，蒙。君子以果行育德。

《坎》为水，今不言水而言泉，《易》之例，以水概取险难之义，故避之，取象于泉之始出也。泉之始出于山下，涓涓清澈，不染尘汙，犹童稚之性，自具天良，得勃然发育之势，故取其义，而名之曰“蒙”也。得于心曰德，见于事曰行，山有生育之德，泉有流行之状，山之生物无限，水之行地不避险易，注诸于江，朝宗于海。君子法此象以果决其行，养育其德，所谓义所当为，勇往直前，无因循畏缩之弊；理之得于心者，优柔厌饫，无虚骄急迫之患。彼世人之不得实用者，辄云思而不能行，当因此而反省也。此卦自二至四为《震》，《震》为行，良为果；又自二至上为《颐》，《颐》为养，即育也。

【占】　问战征：《象》曰“山下出泉”，是潜伏之水也，有伏兵之象。君子谓军中之将帅也。“果行育德”，果者果敢也，育者蓄养也，谓当蓄其锐势，而果决以进也。

○　问营商：玩《象》辞，想是开凿矿山生意。当果决从事，吉。

○　问功名：是士者素抱德行，伏处深山之象。曰“山下出泉”，终将出而用世也。

○　问家宅：知是宅坐向坎艮。曰“山下”，必近山也；曰“出泉”，必有泉流出其下也。君子居之，其宅必吉。

○　问婚嫁：坎辰在子，上值女，《圣冷符》曰，“须女者主嫁娶”。《艮》下《兑》上为《咸》，二气相感，故曰“取女吉”。“山下出泉，蒙”，是婚姻之始也。

○　问疾病：艮止坎险，病势必热邪渐陷于内，待初爻发蒙，邪气外发，可保无虞。

○　问六甲：生男。

Judgment

Legge: Inexperience means progress and success. I do not seek the inexperienced youth, but he seeks me. When he shows the sincerity proper for divination, I instruct him. If he asks two or three times, that is troublesome, and I do not instruct the troublesome. Firm correctness brings advantage.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Youthful Folly has success. It is not I who seek the young fool; the young fool seeks me. At the first oracle I inform him. If he asks two or three times, it is importunity. If he importunes, I give him no information. Perseverance furthers.

Blofeld: Immaturity. Good fortune! I am not one to seek out uncultivated youths, but if such a youth seeks me out, I shall at first read and explain the omens. Yet should he ask me many times, just because of his importunity, I shall not explain anything more. The omen indicates a need for proper direction. [This hexagram suggests stubbornness (the upper trigram) issuing from the softness of the womb (the lower trigram). While it sometimes happens that youthful rashness succeeds where sober counsels fail, it is nevertheless the duty of the mature man to cultivate the minds of the young and to respond, within reason, to their requests for guidance. As an omen, this hexagram may be taken to imply a case in which a certain amount of rashness may lead to success, but in which older people are not absolved from the duty of guiding the young. There is also a suggestion that the Book of Change itself, though fully responsive to those who make the right approach, will not brook importunity in the form of trivial questions or of seeking to reverse its judgments by further questioning. Whether the omen may be taken to mean that we should go ahead with some rash scheme or that it is time for us to restrain someone's youthful rashness will depend upon the nature of the enquiry, the people concerned in it and the particular moving lines involved in the response.]

Liu: It is not I who seek him, the youth seeks me. The first time he asks, I answer; but if he asks again and again, it is annoyance: no answer. Benefit for continuance.

Ritsema/Karcher: Enveloping, Growing. In-no-way me seeking youthful Enveloping. Youthful Enveloping seeking me. The initial oracle-consulting notifying. Twice, three-times: obscuring. Obscuring, by-consequence not notifying. Harvesting Trial. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of concealment and clouded awareness. It emphasizes that actively accepting this concealment in order to nurture growth is the adequate way to handle it...]

Shaughnessy: Folly: Receipt; it is not we who seek youthful folly; youthful folly seeks us. The initial milfoil divination is auspicious, but if two or three times drawn out, being drawn out then it is not auspicious; beneficial to determine.

Cleary(1): In darkness is development. It is not that I seek naïve innocence; naïve innocence seeks me. The first augury informs; the second and third defile. Defilement does not inform. It is beneficial to be correct.

Cleary(2): Darkness. Getting through. It is not that I seek the ignorant; the ignorant seek me. The first pick informs, the second and third muddle. That which is muddled does not inform. Benefit is a matter of correctness.

Wu: Ignorance is pervasive. It is not that I ask the ignorant lad to come for instruction. It is that the ignorant lad comes to request my instruction. As in divination, he will be instructed the first time. If he asks the same question for the second and third times, he is disrespectful. Having been judged disrespectful, he will not be instructed again. It will be advantageous to be persevering.

The Image

Legge: A spring issuing from the mountain -- the image of Inexperience. The superior man, in accordance with this, nourishes his virtue and strives for resoluteness of conduct.

Wilhelm/Baynes: A spring wells up at the foot of the mountain: the image of Youth. Thus the superior man fosters his character by thoroughness in all that he does.

Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes a watery hole at the foot of a mountain amidst uncultivated growth. The Superior Man by determined good conduct nourishes his virtue. [The second sentence is deduced from the first; both are suggested by the component trigrams.]

Liu: A spring comes out at the foot of the mountain; this symbolizes Youth. The superior man will cultivate his character through decisive action.

Ritsema/Karcher: below Mountain issuing-forth spring-water. Enveloping. A chun tzu uses fruiting movement to nurture actualizing-tao. [Actualize-tao: ... Ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos ...

Linked with acquire, TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]

Cleary (1): Under a mountain a spring is produced, in darkness. A superior person nurtures character with fruitful action.

Cleary (2): Under a mountain emerges a spring, in darkness. Leaders use effective action to nurture inner qualities.

Wu: A spring flows at the foot of a mountain; this is Ignorance. The jun zi resolves to taking steps to cultivate his virtue.

COMMENTARY

Confucius/Legge: Inexperience shows the trigram of the Mountain above that of the Abyss. The perilous impasse suggested by these figures evokes the idea of inexperience. Progress and success are suggested because the action and development of the hexagram conform to the requirements of the time. When inexperience seeks wisdom, will responds to will. The oracle responds to sincerity because it has the qualities of the dynamic line in the central second place, but the oracle does not respond to ignorant importuning. The proper duty of a sage is to nourish the correct nature of the ignorant.

Legge: Difficulty shows us plants struggling within the earth, and Inexperience suggests the small and undeveloped sprouts which then appear upon its surface. This is an image of youthful ignorance, and the object of the hexagram is to show how those in authority should deal with it. The Judgment takes the form of the oracle's response to the questioner. The upper trigram represents a frowning mountain which blocks the progress of the traveler. The lower trigram symbolizes a stream of water in a dangerous canyon, such as might be found at the foot of a mountain. The combination of these symbols suggests the perilous nature of ignorant inexperience. The subject of line two represents the oracle, who demands sincerity from the unenlightened. It is his duty to evoke the innate "correct nature" hidden within the questioner, to bring this quality out and develop it. In regard to the Image, Chu Hsi says that "the water of a spring is sure to move on and gradually advance." This may serve as a symbol of the general process and progress of education.

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES

Judgment: Inexperience portrays the relationship between the ego and the Self as one of student to master. Communication via the oracle demands

seriousness of purpose -- the Self refuses to pander to the ego's illusions.

The Superior Man furthers the Work by developing his will and intent. Wilhelm's title for this hexagram is Youthful Folly, which tends to lend it a negative connotation that is not always strictly applicable. However, he is quick to point out that the title "should be understood to mean the immaturity of youth and its consequent lack of wisdom, rather than mere stupidity." While the title of Inexperience avoids the negative connotation, it must be acknowledged that there is an aura of irritation in this hexagram which illustrates an uncomfortable truth about the relationship between the ego and the Self. The Self is an awesome archetype, and once one has established contact with him, he assumes a distinctly stern personality. The Self will not pander to the ego's illusions, and has no patience with anything but the unvarnished truth. Tact and patience are not among his attributes. Lao Tse describes him very accurately:

The Sage is unkind: He treats the people like sacrificial straw dogs. Which is just the way it is. As a satellite of the Self, the ego-complex was not created just so that it could spend a lifetime indulging its fantasies. The Work must be undertaken, and the Self knows more than you do what remains to be done. Like any excellent teacher, he demands more of us than we think we have in us to give. This phenomenon of the tyrannical and often "unjust" Self has been noted in many times and places. Here is an example from Neo-Platonism: What shall we say in regard to the question: "Why do the divinities that are invoked require the worshipper to be just, although they themselves when entreated consent to perform unjust acts?" In reply to this I am uncertain in respect to what is meant by "performing unjust acts," as the same definition may not appear right both to us and to the gods. We, on the one hand, looking to that which is least significant, consider the things that are present, the momentary life, what it is and how it originates. The beings superior to us, let me say, know for certain the whole life of the soul and all its former lives; and if they bring on a retribution from the supplication of those who invoke them, they do not increase it beyond what is just. On the contrary, they aim at the sins impressed upon the soul in former lifetimes, which men do not perceive, and so imagine that is unjust that they fall into the misfortunes which they suffer.

Iamblichus -- The Egyptian Mysteries A contemporary expression of this idea comes from consciousness researcher, John Lilly, famous for his work with dolphins and isolation tank experiments with psychedelic drugs: Cosmic Love [e.g., the Spiritual Self] is absolutely Ruthless and Highly

Indifferent: it teaches its lessons whether you like/dislike them or not.

John Lilly By definition, "the gods" (archetypes) are not human. Were it possible for them to evolve without human vessels in Spacetime, presumably we humans would not exist. It is these archetypes, in the guise of our complexes and limiting beliefs, that are being altered by the Work. Because the unconscious psyche is a multiverse, it is sometimes very difficult to differentiate just "who" is advising us, and the Self via the oracle, will occasionally test us for our ability to use intuitive common sense.

Which is to say: when the gods (or the "Self") become totally "unreasonable," we can only go along with them to the limit of our human understanding. Slavish obedience to all injunctions from the unconscious is to sell our souls outright to something that we don't understand. The renunciation of "common sense" is the renunciation of our most precious birthright. On the other hand, to "disobey" at will is to put our souls at risk. This is

one of the most painful of all dilemmas -- how far do we go in our obedience to unseen powers? Aspects of this problem have been called The Dark Night of the

Soul -- an inner initiation, a trial by fire to see what we are really made of. There are times in the advanced course of the Work when one receives the strange insight that the Self actually wants us to disobey! This ordeal can only be lived

through -- no one can advise you except your own sense of what is right for you at any given moment. The most useful guideline that I have found is that the precepts of the Work (as found in the Perennial Philosophy) are consistent worldwide, and constitute a reliably moral structure for responsible choice. If the oracle seems to be telling you to do something contrary to your inner sense of right and wrong, contrary to your understanding of the precepts of the Work, then go with this intuition rather than the oracle. The Self, via the oracle, will test you in many ways to make you develop. (The ultimate goal is to become so infallibly intuitive that oracles become superfluous.) The gods need our intelligent disobedience if they themselves are to evolve. It is in the stress between obedience and conscientious disobedience that growth takes place. In one sense, whatever choice you make, as long as it is conscious and you fully accept the consequences, is the right choice for you at that moment. We learn through our mistakes, and can never fail our lessons if we truly integrate the experience into our unfolding lives. Confucius, one of the greatest teachers who ever lived, obviously took his teaching method from the Judgment of this hexagram:

The Master said: "I won't teach a man who is not anxious to learn, and will not explain to one who is not trying to make things clear to himself. And if I

explain one- fourth and the man doesn't go back and reflect and think out the implications in the remaining three-fourths for himself, I won't bother to teach him again."

And so it is with the oracle (the Self) -- the deeper one gets involved in the Work, the more difficult the lessons become, so that one is always kept in a position of relative Inexperience. There are times, when a simple answer would suffice, that you will receive an ambiguous image, which (if you do three-fourths of the work), will lead you to a profound insight.