24 · 地雷复

复卦原文

复。亨。出入无疾，朋来无咎。反复其道，七日来复，利有攸往。

象曰：雷在地中，复。先王以至日闭关，商旅不行，后不省方。

白话文解释

复卦：通泰。出门、居处均无疾病。有钱可赚而可以无灾祸。往返途中，七日可归。有所往则有所利。

《象辞》说：本卦内卦为震为雷，外卦为坤为地，天寒地冻，雷返归地中，往而有复，依时回归，这是复卦的卦象。先王观此卦象，取法于雷，在冬至之日关闭城门，不接纳商旅，君王也不巡视邦国。

《断易天机》解

复卦坤上震下，为坤宫初世卦。复代表阴阳去而复返，使万物生生不息，预示已逝去的可能会再回来。

北宋易学家邵雍解

循环往复，生机复萌；成功在望，性急即败。

得此卦者，时运好转，顺势而为，谋事可成，但不宜过于急进。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解

时运：好运初来，静待发动。

财运：暂停售物，必可获利。

家宅：待春再迁；婚嫁初春可成。

身体：有痰上火，冬令宜防。

传统解卦

这个卦是异卦（下震上坤）相叠。震为雷、为动；坤为地、为顺，动则顺，顺其自然。动在顺中，内阳外阴，循序运动，进退自如，利于前进。

大象：雷在地中振发，喻春回大地，一元始，万象更生。

运势：开运亨通之象，万事不宜急进，按部就班可成。

事业：已经渡过了困难时期，开始进入积极行动的阶段。但务必抓住时机，当机立断，却不可急躁，且应时常反省个人行动，严于修身，勇往直前，可望成功。

经商：可大胆投资，与志同道合的伙伴坦诚合作，打开市场，勿因挫折而退缩。更可以打入外地，坚持商业道德，循序渐进，一定会有所赢利。

求名：时机正在成熟，不要急于求成，继续奠定基础，机遇一旦到来，务必要抓住，必将转运。最忌自伤意志。

婚恋：顺利。但切不可性急，应冷静考虑。家庭的美满幸福，靠严于律己维持。

决策：性格活泼，精力旺盛，但因急躁情绪会造成事业损失。一定要冷静思考，勇于改正错误，必能重振事业。此时应抓住时机，明确方向，灵活机敏，脚踏实地改变处境。一旦出现意外，宜当机立断，暂行退让。如能准确驾驶自己，努力奋斗，成就事业十分顺利。

第二十四卦的哲学含义

复卦卦象，地雷复卦的象征意义

复卦，本卦是异卦相叠，震卦在下，坤卦在上。震为雷、为动；坤为地、为顺，动则顺，顺其自然。动在顺中，内阳外阴，循序运动，进退自如，利于前震为雷，为内卦；坤为地，为上卦。地内有雷，意味着雷声一震，大地松动，万物萌生。复，有复兴和回归之意，是事物新生的转折点。从卦象上看，除第一爻为阳外，余爻皆为阴，似有太阳从地平线的一端升起的景象。复卦代表的节气是冬至，正如“冬天来了，春天还会远吗？”，复卦代表阳性力量复兴而阴性元素衰退，长夜过后太阳升起，复卦启示去而复回和失而复行的方法与哲理，并告诫人们：发现错误就是敢紧复归正道，这样才能吉祥。若是执迷不悟，就会产生灾祸。

复卦位于剥卦之后，《序卦》之中这样说道：“物不可以终尽，剥穷上反下，故受之以复。”剥卦走到极点，阳爻又须回到底下重新开始。复卦为剥卦的覆卦，称作“由剥而复”，是“一阳复始”的局面，大地重现生机。

复卦启示了寓动于顺的道理，属于中中卦。《象》中对此卦的评断是：马氏太公不相合，世人占之忧疑多，恩人无义反为怨，是非平地起风波。

此卦卦名为复。“复”在《说文》中的解释是：“复，往来也。”可见复的意思是返回、回来的意思。前面泰卦的九三爻说“无往不复”，说的便是没有一直往前走而不返回的，事物都有一个循环往复、周而复始的规律，前面剥卦群阴剥去阴爻，接下来便开始一阳复生。所以剥卦的下面是复卦。这正如《序卦传》所说：“物不可以终尽，剥穷上反下，故受之以复也。”

24.地雷复(䷗)-高岛易断

“复”从彳，行貌，从复，行故道也，有去而复来，消而复息之义。所谓以《坤》牝《乾》，灭出复震，为余庆也，故名曰《复》。为卦《坤》上《震》下，一阳在五阴之下，阴极而阳复，与《剥》相反，与《姤》旁通。《序卦》曰：“物不可以终尽，剥穷上反下，故受之以复。”此《复》之所以次《剥》也。

复：亨。出入无疾，朋来无咎，反复其道，七日来复。利有攸往。

▲　甲骨文复

▲　篆书复

《复》之内卦一画，自《乾》之下画来，一阳即《乾》，“亨”即从乾元来，故曰“亨”。外《坤》内《震》，出《震》入《坤》，《坤》为顺，《震》为动，以顺而动，阴不能伤，故“无疾”。同类为“朋”，《震》一阳，《兑》二阳，《兑》为朋。一阳先至，朋类皆来，阴不能阻，故“无咎”。《剥》之卦，一阳在上而几尽，《复》则一阳反生于下，故曰“反复其道”，“道”，路也。“七日来复”，姤五月卦，阴气始生，《复》十一月卦，阳气始生，阴阳反复，凡历七月，七阳数，故言“七日”。此为“君子道长”之机，故曰“利有攸往”。

《彖传》曰：复，亨。刚反，动而以顺行，是以出入无疾，朋来无咎。反复其道，七日来复，天行也。利有枚往，刚长也。复，其见天地之心乎？

“复，亨”，谓阳刚消极而来复，复则阳渐长而亨通矣。“刚返”者，谓剥之时，刚几去而不返，出于震而来复，震为反生，故曰“刚返”。“动而以顺行”，是出入皆在顺动之中，故“无疾”；自动者顺，朋来亦顺，故“朋来无咎”。一反一复，其道循环，“七日来复”，天行之自然也。以顺承天，则刚之方返者，日进而盛矣，故利往。“刚返”言方复之初，“刚长”言既复之后。《剥》《复》消息，天地之气所默转，即“天地之心”所发端也。“天地之心”，本无所不在，无从窥测，惟生意发露之初，方见得“天地之心”，故曰：“复，其见天地之心乎？”“其”、“乎”语辞者，愈觉仿佛想见之真。

以此卦拟人事，是善恶绝续之一转机也。人虽甚不善，而于平旦之际，未始无片念之偶萌，萌即复也，复则动矣。逆而动，动仍入恶？顺而动，出恶而入善矣，道无不亨也，疾于何有？朋以类聚，入夫善，则善朋皆来，自无咎焉。人身一小天地也，人有贤愚邪正，即天有雨旸燠寒，人有生老病死，即天有休咎灾祥。“七日来复”，以干支言，至七则为冲，以建除言，至七则为破，冲与破则皆为动，是以有反复也。故人之疾病寒热，亦往往以七日为一更，此皆阴阳刚柔之转移，人与天无二道也。按六爻之辞，初爻为人迁善之始，是以返身而诚也。二爻见人之迁善，欲同归于复也。三爻屡复屡失，虽危而终复于善也。四爻谓能舍群阴而从初阳，是取诸人以为善者也。五爻以阴居阳，独得其中，是能“安土敦仁”者也。上爻居卦之终，六几于七，而又将变矣。出复凶，深足为人之迁善者戒矣。《易》言天道，其所以为人事垂诫者，至深且切，于复可见天心。复时见天心，不复时则浑是人心矣。天心惟微，人心惟危，可不惧哉！可不慎哉！

以此卦拟国家，是国家治乱之一转机也。由治入乱，阴之始也，出乱入治，阳之复也，古今来一治一乱，其机莫不如是焉。是故乱不自乱始，治不自治始，机之动也甚微，复之一阳，即其阳之微动者也。其动也顺，则其道亨，其往利，如汤武之顺天应人，拨乱反正，一著戎衣而天下平也。“七日来复，天行也”，于格苗而曰七旬，于即戎而曰七年，亦可于此而得七日之义矣。六爻皆指复言，重在进阳也。阳，治道也，即君子之道也。初爻曰“不远复”，如殷武丁、周宣王、汉光武之中兴是也。二爻曰“休复”，如太甲之复位，成王之新政是也。三爻曰“频复”，如汉刘先主之治蜀，虽属偏安，尚无咎也。四爻曰“独复”，如大舜之明扬侧陋，允执厥中，以从尧而致治也。五爻曰“敦复”，如启之承禹，武之继文，能“敦复”治道，而致其盛也。若上爻则当戒焉，“迷复”而不知其凶，自桀纣之亡国者皆是也。《易》之言在天道，而治道即属于是，为国家者，于复而见治之渐浙，即当于姤而戒乱之始。治乱之机反复间耳，可不慎哉！可不惧哉！

通观此卦，《剥》之一阳在上者，《复》即阳生于下，如雷藏地中，无中含有。乾元资始者，于是露其机，贞下起元；坤元资生者，于是呈其候。天地生物之心，非至是而始有，乃至是而始见也。顺而动，动无不亨；顺而往，往无不利。出柔而入刚，刚有何病？以我而求朋，朋来何咎？一反一复，其道即在旬日间耳。六爻皆以复道为辞，初九之“不远复”，如克己复礼之颜子，贤而希圣，生而知之者也。六二之“休复”，下比初九之刚，如友直、谅、多闻之士，亲贤取友之宓子贱，学而知之者也。六三之“频复”，如日月至焉之诸子，士而希贤者也。六四之“中行独复”，如悦周公孔子之道之陈良，亦圣人之徒也，困而学之者也。六五之“敦复”，如反乎身之汤武，圣而希天者也。上九之“迷复”，则如飞廉恶来，怙终而不悛其恶者也，困而不学者也，不惟为一身之祸，且为天下祸，故曰“迷复，凶，有灾眚，终有大败”。圣人于六三之“频复”，犹曰“无咎”，而独罪上六之“迷复”，如此，其重改过而恶怙终也切矣。《系辞传》曰，“圣人之情见乎辞”，其此之谓乎？

《大象》曰：雷在地中，复，先王以至日闭关，商旅不行，后不省方。

此卦为十一月卦，故《象》取“至日”，是雷伏藏地中也。先王观此象，以“至日闭关”而不启，止商旅而不行，后于是日，亦“不省方”，盖为养其阳气之方来，而不敢或泄，务为安静，所以葆其贞也。月令仲冬，审门闾，谨房室，必重闭，推之即可知“闭关”之诸象焉。“闭关”取《坤》为阖户，“商旅”取《坤》为众民，“行”取《震》为大途，“方”取《坤》为国土。

【占】　问时运：好运初来，尚未发动，静以待之，自然获吉。

○　问商业：货物完备，时价亦动，宜暂停售，必得利也。

○　问家宅：此宅现时闭歇，须待春时，方可迁居。吉。

○　问战征：防敌军埋伏地雷，须暂停战，以养兵力。吉。

○　问疾病：是痰火之症，饮食不进，交冬令宜防。

○　问讼事：一时不能审结。

○　问六甲：生男，交春分产。

○　问婚嫁：现因媒人尚未往说，春初可成。吉。

○　问行人；冬季不归，开春归来。

○　问失物：一时难觅，日后可得。

Judgment

Legge: Progress and freedom of action are found in Return. Goings and comings are unimpeded, and friends approach without error. Return to repeat the proper course. Seven days returns the cycle to its beginning. There is advantage in choosing one's path.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Return. Success. Going out and coming in without error. Friends come without blame. To and fro goes the way. On the seventh day comes return. It furthers one to have somewhere to go.

Blofeld: Return. Success! All going forth and coming in is free from harm. [For it is only when the whole series is completed that we can understand the reasons for many things (death, winter and so on) which, at the time, seemed unproductive, negative or positively evil.] Friends arrive and no error is involved. They return whence they came, spending seven days in all upon their coming and returning. It is favorable to have in view some goal (or destination).

Liu: Return: success. One goes out and comes back in without harm. Friends arrive without blame. Going to and fro is the way. Returning on the seventh day. It benefits one to go anywhere. [Return or Revival signifies a bad time becoming better... Anyone receiving this hexagram should prepare for a great opportunity...]

Ritsema/Karcher: Returning, Growing. Issuing-forth, entering, without affliction. Partnering coming, without fault. Reversing Returning one's tao. The seventh day coming: Returning. Harvesting: possessing directed going. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of something that is re-emerging. It emphasizes that going back to the starting point in order to begin anew is the adequate way to handle it. To be in accord with the times you are told to return!]

Shaughnessy: Returning: Receipt; in exiting and entering there is no illness; when the burying comes there is no trouble; turning around and returning to its way, in seven days it comes in return; beneficial to have someplace to go.

Cleary (1): Return is developmental. Exiting and entering, there is no ill. When a companion comes, there is no fault. Reversing the path, returning in seven days, it is beneficial to have a place to go.

Cleary (2): Return is successful, etc. … Returning back on the path, etc.

Wu: Renewal is pervasive. He who comes and goes will have no error. Friends come without harm. The course repeats itself. In seven days, one cycle of reversion completes. There will be advantage to have an undertaking.

The Image

Legge: Thunder in the middle of the earth -- the image of Return. Thus the ancient kings closed the passes on the day of the winter solstice to prevent travelers from pursuing their journeys, and princes from inspecting their states.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Thunder within the earth: the image of The Turning Point. Thus the kings of antiquity closed the passes at the time of the solstice. Merchants and strangers did not go about, and the ruler did not travel through the provinces.

Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes thunder in the bowels of the earth. [The component trigrams in this position suggest thunder coming from under the earth; but the trigram of thunder also means to sprout or quicken; it is this concept of a quickening within the earth that makes this hexagram generally favorable.] The ancient rulers closed the passes during the solstices [The solstices were times for solemn sacrifice; it has always been the practice in China for people to return to their homes for the celebration of the great yearly festivals. Return in this sense is highly auspicious.] and the merchants were unable to travel. Even the rulers abstained from touring their territories at those times.

Liu: Thunder in the earth symbolizes Return. Thus in ancient times the kings closed the roads during the winter solstice. Merchants and travelers ceased traveling. And rulers would not visit their territories.

Ritsema/Karcher: Thunder located-in earth center. Returning. The Earlier Kings used culminating sun to bar the passages. Bargaining sojourners [used culminating sun] not to move. The crown-prince [used culminating sun] not to inspect on-all- sides.

Cleary (1): Thunder is in the earth; Return. Thus did the kings of yore shut the gates on the winter solstice; caravans did not travel, the ruler did not inspect the regions.

Wu: Thunder is inside the earth; this is Renewal. Thus on the day of the winter solstice, the ancient kings ordered the city gates closed, so that merchants and

travelers could take a break of their journeys; the kings refrained from performing official duties.

COMMENTARY

Confucius/Legge: Return shows the coming back of the dynamic principle. His actions show movement directed in accordance with the natural order. Such is the movement of the heavenly cycle. The dynamic lines are growing and increasing. Do we not see in Return the mind of heaven and earth?

Legge: Return symbolizes the idea of coming back or over again. The previous hexagram showed the ascendancy of inferior forces, when all that is good in nature or society yields before what is bad. But change is eternal, and here we see the beginnings of recovery from the former situation. Return is associated with the time of the winter solstice when the sun begins its journey back toward summer. In harmony with these cycles in nature are the cycles in human affairs. The dynamic bottom line is the first line of the trigram of Movement, and the upper trigram is that of Docility. The dynamic returning line will meet with no resistance and all the magnetic lines above it will be transformed into allies. The bright quality will be developed brighter and brighter from day to day and month to month. "In seven days brings return" refers to the idea of a new cycle

commencing when each of the six lines of a hexagram has changed -- the "seventh line," or seventh day begins a new cycle just as Sunday begins a new week. Thunder in the midst of the earth is thunder shut up and silent, just able to make its presence felt. So it is with the first stirrings of life after the winter solstice and the first returning steps of the wanderer to virtue. As the spring of life has to be nurtured in quietness, so also the purpose of goodness.

Wilhelm: The hexagram of RETURN, applied to character formation, contains various suggestions. The light principle returns; thus the hexagram counsels turning away from the confusion of external things, turning back to one’s inner light. There, in the depths of the soul, one sees the Divine, the One. It is indeed only germinal, no more than a beginning, a potentiality, but as such clearly to be distinguished from all objects. To know this One means to know oneself in relation to the cosmic forces. For this One is the ascending force of life in nature and in man.

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES

Judgment: The Work is recycled, perfected and refined over and over again. The Superior Man pauses before he begins anew.

The mention of seven days in the Judgment and the winter solstice in the Image tells us that the hexagram of Return deals with cyclic progression. In the I Ching, the hexagram fu, signifying the Return (one yang line beneath five yin lines) is the symbol of the rebirth of the Yang. At the winter solstice, the Yang seems to have disappeared, whereas the Yin is at its full; but this is the moment when the Yang is reborn and begins its return. Symmetrically, at the summer solstice the Yang is at the apogee of its power while the Yin prepares to return. The alteration of the Yin and the Yang is a going away and a coming back.

Max Kaltenmark -- Lao Tzu and Taoism Seven days is one-quarter of a lunar cycle and the module upon which a week is based. The Sabbath day is the seventh day and a day of rest in the Hebrew tradition, as was also the day of the new moon. The "closing of the passes" in the Image is another expression of the idea of resting at the beginning of a new cycle. To refrain from activity at these times was a sacrifice and a spiritual obligation. The concept behind it is the acknowledgment of one's Source, a review of the past cycle and a meditation upon the new cycle just beginning. Psychologically interpreted, forces in the unconscious psyche demand a pause before their dance can resume. A special atmosphere of solemn celebration surrounded the Sabbath, which was thoroughly pervaded with Kabbalistic ideas about man's role in the unification of the upper worlds.

Gershom Scholem -- Kabbalah Although the Chinese observed no “Sabbath” that I am aware of, the idea of a rest at the commencement of a cycle is clearly intended in this hexagram. In terms of the Work, one eventually becomes aware of cycles and rest periods, even if one never noticed them previously. When one learns how to synchronize conscious awareness with these inner rhythms, the tempo of the Work begins to accelerate. "There is advantage in choosing one's path" is rendered by Wilhelm as: "It furthers one to have somewhere to go." The idea is that when you are consciously on a path, the cycles begin to work in your favor. Instead of a monotonous round of inconclusive and random events, one's life takes on structure and purpose and inner progress becomes discernable. Conforming to the rhythm of the universe is the prerequisite of wisdom in all Chinese thinking. But the Taoist mystic has greater ambitions than his ordinary compatriots: the question for him is not merely of adapting his ritual and hygienic observances to the alternation of the seasons; he intends to escape from the determinism of life and death by transcending it. This is what enables him to attain inner emptiness: he does not merely

witness the return of all creatures to their origin, he precedes them to that origin.

Max Kaltenmark -- Lao Tzu and Taoism Every line of this hexagram refers to returning to the proper path, so the hexagram can imply that perhaps you have strayed from the Work to one degree or another. Without changing lines, it can mean to rest at the beginning of a cycle, or to get back on course: re-attune yourself with the current phase of the Work. You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. In the old days when we were a strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the sacred hoop of the nation, and so long as the hoop was unbroken, the people flourished.

Black Elk