38 · 火泽睽

睽卦原文

睽。小事吉。

象曰：上火下泽，睽。君子以同而异。

白话文解释

睽卦：筮遇此卦，小事吉利。

《象辞》说：本卦上卦为离，离为火；下卦为兑，兑为泽。上火下泽，两相乖离，是睽卦的卦象。君子观此卦象，从而综合万物之所同，分析万物之所异。

《断易天机》解

睽卦离上兑下，为艮宫四世卦。睽象征乖离、乖异，筮遇此卦，大事不吉，小事顺利。

北宋易学家邵雍解

人心外向，背道而驰；难以成事，不宜大举。

得此卦者，运气不佳，水火不容，相互矛盾，诸事难成。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解

时运：上下不通，以正处之。

财运：人弃我取，尚有小利。

家宅：迁避为宜；择而娶之。

身体：上火下湿，实在难治。

传统解卦

这个卦是异卦（下兑上离）相叠。离为火；兑为泽。上火下泽，相违不相济。克则生，往复无空。万物有所不同，必有所异，相互矛盾。睽即矛盾。

大象：离火向上，兑泽则向下，一上一下，两相乖违，又二女同居，不得正之象。

运势：气运欠佳，诸事难成，有水火不容之象，宜处变不惊。

事业：事业开创困难，处境艰辛。如能志同道合，相互信任，目的可以达到。但起初成功的多是小事，小事积累可成大事。事成于协力合作，败于众志相异。应加强团结，委曲以求相通，最忌内部相互猜疑。

经商：应以心平气和的态度投入市场竞争，求大同而存小异。对竞争对手不应敌视，可和而不流，群而不党。尤其不能惹起纠纷，极力避免灾祸。

求名：以真诚的心努力上进。对于恶人必要时亦不可完全不交往，应采取宽大包容的态度，适度往来。对志同道合者也不必完全一致，可异中求同。

婚恋：双方必须真诚相待。否则，第三者极易介入，夫妻相疑则家破。

决策：处于矛盾、对应状态。必须注意以宽宏大度、平和、柔顺的态度对待人生。这样才能心平气和，柔而上进。认清合必有离，离必有合；同中有异，异中有同的道理。否则，刚极暴躁，明极生疑。暴疑皆可致命。

第三十八卦的哲学含义

睽卦卦象，火泽睽卦的象征意义

睽卦，本卦异卦相叠，上卦为离，下卦为兑。离为火；兑为泽。上火下泽，相违不相济。因为火苗是向上燃烧的，而水是向下渗透的，这两者是朝相反的方向行进的，所以是相反的、相违背的。世间万物有所不同，必有所异，相互矛盾，这就是睽，睽即矛盾。

睽卦是下兑上离，位于家人卦之后，《序卦》说道：“家道穷必乖，故受之以睽。睽者，乖也。”家人卦走到尽头，接着出现的是乖离，睽卦主旨在此。

从另一个角度分析，离为日，为明，在上卦。兑为悦，为喜，在下卦。这又表示两个卦有相统一的一面。

《象》这样解释本卦：上火下泽，睽；君子以同而异。

《象》中指出：睽卦的卦象是兑（泽）下离（火）上，为水火相遇之表象，象征对立。所以君子应该在求大同的前提下，保留小的差别和不同。这正是睽卦所要表达的道理：异中求同。

睽卦象征对立和分离，属于下下卦。《象》中这样评断此卦：此卦占来运气歹，如同太公作买卖，贩猪牛快贩羊迟，猪羊齐贩断了宰。

38.火泽睽(䷥)-高岛易断

卦体上《离》下《兑》，《离》火炎上，《兑》泽渗下，火动而愈上，泽动而愈下，上下相违，曰《睽》。《睽》字从目，从癸；《离》为目，癸属水，泽亦水也，《六书》故曰“反目为睽”。睽，乖也，盖泽在火上，泽火相济而成《革》，泽在火下，火泽相反而成《睽》，此火泽之卦所以名《睽》也。

睽：小事吉。

▲　金文睽

《序卦传》曰：“家道穷必乖，故受之以睽。睽者，乖也。”《睽》则众心离散，不可以兴大事，若小事则力可独任，不待众举，虽《睽》尚可为也，故曰“小事吉”。《睽》卦上下互《既济》，《既济》《彖传》曰“亨，小者亨也”，谓所亨特其小者；此卦曰“小事吉”，吉亦惟在小事耳。《兑》为小，故第言小不言大。要之乖《睽》之世，不足以成大事也，可知矣。

《彖传》曰；睽，火动而上，泽动而下，二女同居，其志不同行。说而丽乎明，柔进而上行，得中而应乎刚，是以小事吉。天地睽而其事同也，男女睽而其志通也，万物睽而其事类也。睽之时用大矣哉！

《离》火在上，《兑》泽居下，在上者动而炎上，居下者动而润下，无相成之道，是以为《睽》。《离》中女，《兑》少女，合而成卦，谓之“同居”；上下异动，各适其适，即各志其志，不能强同也。卦德以《兑》从《离》，《兑》悦也，《离》明也，丽有所附也。“柔进”者，《巽》在下而进于上也；“得中”者，《巽》得中而应乎刚也。卦爻以六五下应九二，五居《离》之中，二居《兑》之中，以上应下，居尊者能屈已，下降者得上交，虽处乖《睽》之时，而小有动作，尚得吉也。夫《睽》之为言散也，散则人心《离》，国势分，必不足成大事，似无可用，不知不《睽》本无合，惟《睽》乃有以见合也。圣人即因其《睽》而用之。天高地卑，《睽》也，位定而天地之《睽》者同；男外女内，《睽》也，礼定而男女之《睽》者通；耕不可衣，织不可食，车不可水，舟不可陆，《睽》也，制定而万物之《睽》者类，故曰“睽之时用大矣哉”。不言“时义”，而曰“时用”，盖应用取用，其为用也大矣。

以此卦拟人事，凡起居饮食，暨婚嫁丧祭，皆为人事，事无论大小，无不贵乎情之相同也，志之相通也，物之相类也。卦体《离》火上动，《兑》泽下动，《离》《兑》皆女，同出于《坤》，是为“同居”；动则变，变则女而为妇，所行不同，而志亦异，是动而成《睽》也。《睽》在天地，而天地之运闭，《睽》在男女，而男女之伦乱，《睽》在万物，而万物之品淆，大纲大纪，奚以得吉乎？惟君子“以同而异”，为能善用其《睽》也。用以设众黎之官，天地可因《睽》而同；用以行嫁娶之礼，男妇可因《睽》而通；用以定利用之经，而万物可因《睽》而类。此火泽之用普，而人事之准立矣。

以此卦拟国家，其卦曰《睽》，睽，散也，是政府与人民，其势有动而不相见，散而不相合者矣。《睽》之旁通为《蹇》，险也，因《睽》而不能济险，更何以正邦乎？《睽》之反卦为《家人》，“家人内也”，因《睽》而不能正内，更何以定外乎？上卦《离》火，火本就燥，下卦《兑》泽，泽本润湿，上下相背，燥湿各殊，是为“二女同居，其志不同行”。“二女”者，就《离》《兑》二象而言。不特女之志行有异，推之天地万物，而其情亦不能强同也。国家之内，大而天地，中而男女，小而万物，同则见亲，异则见疏，国运之治乱兴衰，罔不于此卜之。然天下无久合不睽之理，天下亦无久睽不合之势，用其睽以济睽也。若徒丽而得正，进而愈上，中而有应，其事犹小，其吉亦微矣，要必同其撰而天地之道乃宏也，通其情而男女之情乃洽也，类其族而万物之利乃普也。其德协造化之机，其功关治平之要，非“同而异”之君子，不能极其用也。

通观全卦，火上泽下，上者动而愈上，下者动而愈下，背道而驰，不得相同，卦之所以谓《睽》也。卦体下互重《离》，多视伤明，为《睽》；上互《坎》，《坎》为心病，人各有心，孚则通，疑则《睽》。情莫亲于《家人》，《睽》则为恶人，为鬼，为寇，或劓之，或射之，而不以为过。下苟能悦以事上，上亦能明以视下，则疑释而情亲，即化而为夫，为宗，为婚姻，而不以为嫌。前之相疑若此其甚，后之相合又若此其切，《睽》合之机，即在此转移间耳。是以《睽》在内卦，皆疑而有待，《睽》在外卦，皆反而有应。初与四应，初之“丧马”，得四之“元夫”而全；二与五应，二之巷遇，得五之“噬肤”而合；三与上应，三之“舆曳”，得上之“遇雨”而合。合则恶人化为同室，《睽》则《家人》疑为寇仇，恩怨反复，变态无常。君子以无心应物，不党同，亦不伐异。初九见恶人而避咎，为能得用《睽》之道也。卦体二阴本柔，内以悦而宽其忧，外以明而破其疑。所以始《睽》者，“二女同居”也；所以终合者，群疑悉化也。卦《睽》而象合，《易》所以变化不穷也。

《大象》曰：上火下泽，睽，君子以同而异。

卦象皆女也，卦体为火泽，炎上润下，其用各异，故曰《睽》。君子法之，于同处见其象，于异处别其用，不党同以背道，亦不立异以悖俗。“以同而异”者，譬如声色货财，为人所同欲，而或去或受，不敢苟同于人者，是其所以独异也。此可见君子之“以同而异”也。火泽同卦，而炎润各异其性者，亦犹是焉。

【占】　问时运：目下气运颠倒，惟宜正以处之。

○　问战征：军情不协，上下异趣，宜防《睽》散。

○　问功名：上下不通，功名难望。

○　问营商：货价上落悬殊，能以人弃我取，尚有小利可望。

○　问疾病：病在上下焦，胸气隔绝，上有火，下有湿，医治棘手。

○　问家宅：此宅天盘地盘皆动，阖家上下不利，急宜迁避。

○　问婚姻：有二女皆愿受聘，大者性躁急，小者性宽柔。择而娶之。

○　问讼事：即可罢散。

○　问六甲：生女。

Judgment

Legge: Despite Mutual Alienation there will be success in small matters.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Opposition. in small matters, good fortune.

Blofeld: The Estranged -- good fortune in small matters.

Liu: Opposition. In small things, good fortune.

Ritsema/Karcher: Polarizing, Small Affairs significant. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of things that are connected but should not join. It emphasizes that putting things in opposition while acknowledging their essential link is the adequate way to handle it...]

Shaughnessy: Perversion: Little affairs are auspicious.

Cleary (1): Disharmony. A small matter will turn out all right.

Cleary (2): Opposition, Etc.

Wu: Incongruity indicates auspiciousness for doing small things.

The Image

Legge: The image of fire over a marsh forms Mutual Alienation. The superior man, in accordance with this, accepts the diversities which make up the whole.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Above fire; below the lake: the image of Opposition. Thus amid all fellowship the superior man retains his individuality.

Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes fire above and a marshy lake below. The Superior Man achieves difference through unity.

Liu: Fire above the lake symbolizes Opposition. Living with the people, the superior man distinguishes among them.

Ritsema/Karcher: Fire above, marsh below. Polarizing. A chun tzu uses concording and-also dividing. [Cf. Solve et Coagula—Ed.]

Cleary (1): Above is fire, below is a lake, disparate. Thus are superior people the same yet different.

Cleary (2): Above is fire, below is a lake – opposite. Developed people, etc.

Wu: Fire above and marsh below form Incongruity. Thus the Jun zi take separate paths, but arrive at the same goal.

COMMENTARY

Confucius/Legge: In Mutual Alienation we see fire ascending and water descending. We see two sisters living together whose wills move in opposite directions. However, the lower trigram of Cheerfulness is attached to the upper trigram of Clarity, and the magnetic fifth line is responded to by the dynamic second line; these are signs that there can still be good fortune in small matters. Heaven and earth are separate and apart, but the work which they do is the same. Male and female are separate and apart, but with a common will they seek the same object. There is a diversity between the myriad classes of beings, but there is an analogy between their several operations. Great indeed are the phenomena and the results of this condition of disunion and separation.

Legge: Mutual Alienation shows a condition in which disunion and mistrust prevail. The hexagram teaches how this state of affairs may be overcome in small matters and the way prepared for the cure of the whole system. The commentators suggest that the condition symbolized here is a necessary sequel to the regulation of the family in the preceding hexagram. The K'ang-hsi editors observe that in many hexagrams we have two daughters dwelling together, but that only in this and number forty-nine is attention called to it. The reason is that in these two diagrams the sisters are the second and third daughters, while in the others one of them is the eldest, whose place and superiority are fixed, so that between her and either of the others there can be no division or collision. The lesson in the Confucian commentary is not unity in diversity, but union with diversity.

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES

Judgment: In resolving disputes, begin with their least controversial aspects. The Superior Man respects alternative points of view.

Turn the hexagram of Family upside-down and you get the hexagram of Mutual Alienation. The opposite of family unity is estrangement, which combined with the idea of polarity, suggests the kind of energetic "pushing away" one feels when two horseshoe magnets are matched to the same poles. Despite

this opposition however, every line deals positively with the situation -- there is not one image in the hexagram that doesn't intimate an eventual resolution. The thirty-eighth hexagram lays even more emphasis than usual on the relationships (polarities) existing between its correlate lines. This suggests that inner connections outrank any superficial estrangement. The Mutual

Alienation then, is not a permanent condition -- it represents more of a challenge than a disaster. All polarity is potential energy to accomplish useful work, and in this hexagram the polarities are more than usually available for this purpose. This doesn't mean that the work here is necessarily easy, just that it offers a major opportunity for growth. A crisis develops when some pressure or event creates a state of uncomfortable disequilibrium which fails to respond to usual defenses and coping mechanisms. It involves danger with both a considerable risk for worsening and opportunity for growth (with enhancement of insight, mastery, and self-esteem) ... The patient should be educated to understand his situation and helped to see that painful episodes may prove to be part of a constructive process, and are not proof of a dire outcome.

R.P. Kluft -- Hypnotherapeutic Crisis Intervention in

Multiple Personality