Hexagram 27 · 山雷颐

颐卦原文
颐。贞吉。观颐，自求口实。

象曰：山下有雷，颐。君子以慎言语，节饮食。

白话文解释
颐卦：占卜得吉兆。研究颐养之道，在于自食其力。
《象辞》说：本卦上卦为艮为山，下卦为震为雷，雷出山中，万物萌发，这是颐卦的卦象。君子观此卦象，思生养之不易，从而谨慎言语，避免灾祸。节制饮食，修身养性。
《断易天机》解
颐卦艮上震下，为巽宫游魂卦。颐为修养、调养，雷震于山，为春来之兆，万物开始生养，因此颐卦为发展之兆，多主吉。

北宋易学家邵雍解
养正养育，谨言节食；观察实务，自知审慎。
得此卦者，对于言语及饮食，均须谨慎。宜守正道，谨言慎行，心怀阴谋者会招灾祸。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：生机显达，谨言慎行。
财运：内外升降，未必流通。
家宅：小心防火；贤妇从夫。
身体：上寒下热，五日乃愈。

传统解卦
这个卦是异卦（下震上艮）相叠。震为雷，艮为山。山在上而雷在下，外实内虚。春暖万物养育，依时养贤育民。阳实阴虚，实者养人，虚者为人养。自食其力。
大象：形如口腔之象，取其饮食之道，须慎言，注重日常生活。
运势：处事欠缺周详考虑，不宜心怀阴谋，要守正道而善方吉。
事业：凡事得靠个人追求，自己奋斗，而不能依赖他人。更不得用不光彩的手段谋求财物。只要遵循正道，自食其力，谨言慎行，一定会有好的机遇。这时，经过一番艰苦奋斗，能够成功。
经商：不得急于求成，应谨慎小心，循序渐进，诚以待人，真诚与他人合作，因时制宜，不断追求新的开拓方向，必要时可适当冒险。
求名：以丰富自身知识为目的，知足安乐，刻苦努力，成功的希望极大。
婚恋：不可急于求成，关键在于加强自己的修养。一旦选中应全力追求，尤其不可三心二意。
决策：注意道德修养，乐于尽力而为地去帮助他人，救人急难，不贪求不应得到的财物。因此，能受到他人的尊重，也能不断得到外来的援助，个人事业十分顺利，成功的可能性很大。尤其不可粗心大意，牢记成就大阻力也大的道理。

第二十七卦的哲学含义

颐卦卦象，山雷颐卦的象征意义
颐卦，是异卦相叠，震在下卦，艮在上卦。震为雷，艮为山。山在上而雷在下，外实内虚。
《象》曰：山下有雷，君子以慎言语，节饮食。这里指出，颐卦的卦象是震（雷）下艮（山）上，为雷在山下震动之表象，引申为咀嚼食物时上颚静止、下颚活动的状态，因而象征颐养；颐养必须坚守正道，所以君子应当言语谨慎以培养美好的品德，节制饮食以养育健康的身体。春暖万物养育，依时养贤育民。阳实阴虚，实者养人，虚者为人养。
从卦象上分析，中间的阴爻代表牙齿，上下的两个阳爻代表牙齿外围的两腮、嘴唇及下巴。颐卦上卦为艮为山，下卦为震为雷，山下有雷便是颐卦的卦象。山下怎么会有雷呢？其实指的是山中的巨响，山中由于地壳变化会发生巨大的声响，有时还会因此而发生山崩或地震等自然现象，山崩或地震会使山因倒塌而埋藏大山表面的万物，古人认为这是山在吃东西——这是最大的“吃”的形象，所以用这一形象代表所有的饮食之道。人吃东西时嘴中也会发出声响，所以与山吃东西有相通之处。

27.山雷颐(䷚)-高岛易断
“颐”从臣，从页，臣为”颐”本字。页本首字，《说文》曰“头也”，从口，从一，一者，象舌，有养之义。卦体《艮》上《震》下，《艮》为山，《震》为雷，雷动也，山止也。卦以上下二阳象上下唇吻，内四阴象虚而求食。《颐》张而不合，有求食之状，故可以观《震》阳下动食象也。艮主止，止观象也。然《震》非自动也，系于艮以动，艮不上止，《震》虽欲动而不能，则其所以为《颐》之主，艮也。上下实而中虚，动而能止，曰《颐》，此卦之所以名《颐》也。
颐：贞吉。观颐，自求口实。
▲　金文颐
▲　篆书颐
《序卦传》曰：“物畜然后可养，故受之以颐，颐养也。”“观颐”则思所养，思所养则知节，嗜欲可省，廉耻可立，心志可宁，养生养德在其中矣，故“贞吉”。大抵养道主静，天地万物皆上动下止，惟《颐》下动上止，静以制动，止以忍贪，“观颐”之义也。身之有颐，本以为养，颐中虚，实之所以为养也，故曰“自求口实。”
《彖传》曰：颐，贞吉，养正则吉也。观颐，观其所养也。自求口实，观其自养也。天地养万物，圣人养贤以及万民，颐之时大矣哉！
《颐》卦内《艮》外《震》，《艮》为黔喙之属，喙口也，即《颐》之象；又为蓏《震》为蕃鲜，为百谷，皆有养之义。“颐，贞吉”者，所养得正，则有吉也。然养有正不正，不观不足以知之。观其所养何人，则养之公与私自别也；观其自养何求，则养之贪与廉可见也。果其所养皆贤，自养有节，是养得其正，即养无不吉矣。至天地圣人，极言养道之大，人之养生，多在自养，必如天地之化育无私，而万物皆被其泽，必如圣人之恫痞在抱，而上自贤哲，下及万民，无不并沐其恩。盖圣人体天地之养以为养，故所养有与天地而并大。《彖传》曰“颐之时大矣哉”，谓其所养至广，即于养之时而已见矣；不言义，而义亦在其中也。
以此卦拟人事，上三爻为艮，《艮》六五曰艮其辅，辅上颔也，有《颐》之象；下三爻为《震》，上六曰“视矍矍”，有观之义；上下互《坤》，《坤》为缶，为浆，有养之义。然养亦不一法也，节宣所以养正，饮食衣服所以养形，威仪礼貌所以养德，推己及物所以养人。盖人莫不有所养，而养亦各有所在，内而养一身，外而养天下，而要在得其正者吉。夫士之得禄位，农之事稼穑，工之造器物，商之通货财，皆各食其力，各养其身，而得其正者也，否则因糊口之无资，而忘其廉耻，如孟子所谓“苟无恒产，则放僻邪侈，无不为矣”，此其人复何足观乎？然观人者，当先观其“口实”之求，人苟不以饥渴害其心，而能以箪瓢乐其道，则其所求，有在于“口实”之外，其所养，必得夫性情之正。其自养如是，其养人当更有大者矣，必如天地之养物，圣人之养贤，以及养育万民，而其养不特得其贞，益且获其吉矣。颐养之道，尽在是也。
以此卦拟国家，下卦为人民，下民好动，有《震》之象，上卦为政府，政府能安止下民，有《艮》之象。卦名曰《颐》，《颐》，口也。下民各有一《颐》，下民即各自求养，农以力耕，商以贸货，工以造器，皆各以才力“自求口实”。而犹有自养而不足者，政府为之薄其征敛，蠲其租税，甚至发粟以救饥，给药以疗疾，朝廷之仁浆义粟，适为下民续命之恩。在政府并非以此市惠也，亦体夫天地好生之德，以为养也。至下民之中，有所谓贤者，政府尤必尊其位，重其禄，养之以大亨，而不敢不优也。时贤者沐朝廷之荣恩，而并能推朝廷之德泽，及于万民。此颐养之道，所以愈推愈广也，《彖传》曰“颐之时大矣哉”，有以夫！
通观此卦，上卦三爻，皆所以养人，下卦三爻，皆所以自养。养之道，以养人为公，自养为私；自养之道，以养德为大，养体为小。故初、二、三皆养口体，私而小者也；四、五、上皆以养德而养人，公而大者也。无论为养人为自养，要皆以得正为吉，故《象》曰：“山下有雷，颐，君子以慎言语，节饮食”。谓《颐》之为用，吐露言语，咀嚼饮食，皆由颐而出，君子观《颐》之象，而知所直慎宜节也。初爻以阳处下，为动之始，是动而自求养也，舍“灵龟”而观“朵颐”，是以凶也。六二处下体之中，无应于上，返而养初，故曰“征凶”。六三虽应上爻，上九而拂颐养之节，自纳于上以馅媚者也，故至“十年”而犹“勿用”，复何利之有？六四身处上体，居得其位，应于初爻，以上养下，得养之宜，又能威严寡欲，所以得吉。六五以阴居阳，而比于上，行则失位，居则“贞吉”，故“不可涉大川”。上九以阳处上而履四阴，众阴皆由此得养，故曰“由颐”：然其所以得此养者，不知几历危厉而始得吉也，故曰“厉吉”；养至此，则无往不他故曰“利涉大川”而“有庆”也。盖《颐》之全卦，专言养生之道，其本在初。曰“龟”，曰“虎”，曰“颠”，示其用也；曰“拂”正其趋也；曰“由”竟其委也。圣人所以握造化之机，而尽性命之理者，于《颐》之一卦见之矣。
《大象》曰：山下有雷，颐。君子以慎言语，节饮食。
此卦山下有雷，为上止下动之义，即《颐》口之用也。夫言语者，祸福之所由招；饮食者，疾病之所由生。动止得其道，斯言不妄发，食不过度矣。君子观《颐》之象，而知其所慎，知其所节；大之则命令所出，慎之而无失，货财所入，节之而无伤；极而言之，则养德以养天下，皆无不然也。
【占】　问战征：上止下动，防队下有妄动招乱者，或机密漏泄，或酗酒启衅，最宜谨慎。
○　问功名：山下有雷，雷发声而山亦鸣，有声名腾达之象。
○　问经商：《颐》象内动外止，主货物内地升动，外地低落之象；又恐贩货出外，一时不能销售。其货物大约不离食品。
○　问家宅：《艮》山欲止，《震》雷欲动，山在上，雷在下，恐地盘震动，宜防火灾。
○　问疾病：上止下动，山属土，雷属火，主上焦寒闭，下焦热泻之象，必待五爻，《象》曰“顺以从上”，庶上下通顺乃吉。一爻一日，必至五日可愈。
○　问行人：内卦动而外卦止，必已动身，为外事阻止。上九日“利涉大川”，知必从水路而来。近则六七日可到，远则六七月方归。
○　问六甲：生男。
○　问失物：山下有雷，知其物为重物压止，一时不见，待后可得。
○　问讼事：主为言语饮食细故启衅；下欲动而上止之，必有上官出而阻止，不终讼也。
○　问婚姻：颐养也，妇主中馈，有养之义。外夫内妻，内动而外止，有妇从夫之象，吉。

Judgment
Legge: Nourishment indicates good fortune through firm correctness. Make sure you know what you are feeding, and determine your proper diet.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The Corners of the Mouth. Perseverance brings good fortune. Pay heed to the providing of nourishment and to what a man seeks to fill his own mouth with.
Blofeld: Nourishing. (Nourishment -- literally Jaws) [The form of this hexagram readily brings to mind the concept of wide open jaws, but the word nourishment must not be taken only in a literal sense; for we are concerned here with all those things which men seek both for their own advantage and for giving succor or assistance to others.] Righteous persistence brings good fortune. Watch people nourishing others and observe with what manner of things they seek to nourish themselves. [For this will teach us a lot about their characters.]
Liu: Nourishment. Continuing leads to good fortune. Observe the providing of nourishment and the food someone seeks for himself.
Ritsema/Karcher: Jaws, Trial: significant. Viewing Jaws. Originating-from seeking mouth substance. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of nourishing and being nourished. It emphasizes that opening in order to take things in as well as providing to others is the adequate way to handle it...]
Shaughnessy: Jaws: Determination is auspicious. View the jaw; oneself seeking the mouth's fullness.
Cleary (1): In nourishment, it is good to be correct. Observe nourishment, and seek fulfillment for the mouth by yourself.
Cleary (2): Nourishment is good if correct. Observe nourishment, and seek food by yourself.

Wu: Nurturing indicates that with perseverance there will be auspiciousness. People should observe the principle of nurturing and find proper foods for nourishment.
Hua-Ching Ni: In nourishment, one should seek the right nutrition and not be tempted by what others enjoy.
The Image
Legge: The image of thunder under a mountain forms Nourishment. The superior man, in accordance with this, controls his speech and regulates his eating and drinking.
Wilhelm/Baynes: At the foot of the mountain, thunder: the image of The Corners of the Mouth. Thus the superior man is careful in his words and temperate in eating and drinking.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes thunder rumbling at the foot of a mountain. The Superior Man is thoughtful in speech and frugal in his eating and drinking. [The lower trigram, thunder, also represents the power of quickening growth; hence its place in a hexagram concerned with nourishment.]
Liu: Thunder rolling around the foot of the mountain is the symbol of Nourishment. The superior man is cautious in his speech; he restrains and regulates his eating and drinking.
Ritsema/Karcher: Below mountain possessing thunder. Jaws. A chun tzu uses considering words to inform. [A chun tzu uses] articulating to drink and take-in.
Cleary (1): There is thunder beneath the mountain. Superior people are careful about what they say, and moderate in eating and drinking.
Cleary (2): … Leaders are prudent in speech, moderate in consumption.
Wu: There is thunder below the mountain; this is Nurturing. Thus the jun zi speaks with caution and drinks and eats with moderation.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: When the nourishing is correct, there will be good fortune. We must examine those whom we wish to nourish, and we must also examine our own nourishing of ourselves. Heaven and earth nourish all things. The sages nourish men of talent and virtue in order to reach the masses. Great is the work intended in the time of nourishing.

Legge: The character of Nourishment is the symbol of the upper jaw, but the image of the hexagram suggests a whole mouth with undivided lines at top and bottom, and divided lines between them. The bottom line is in the trigram of
Movement, and the top line is in the trigram of Keeping Still -- giving the image of a mobile lower jaw and a fixed upper jaw. The divided lines represent the mouth cavity. The hexagram denotes nourishing of body or mind, of one's self or others, and the proper nourishment in each case must necessarily vary according to circumstances. Thus, judgment must be exercised to determine which nourishment is in harmony with correctness and virtue.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment: Nourishment asks you to examine your motives in the allocation of your energy. Willpower creates a well- balanced apportionment. The Superior Man controls his expression and monitors his appetites. The lines in the lower trigram of Movement are all rendered unfavorably to one degree or another, while the lines of the upper trigram of Keeping Still are all generally correct. The implication is that non-action is almost always preferable to movement. This idea is fundamental to the philosophy of the I Ching, and in the hexagram of Nourishment the lesson is that non-action feeds and strengthens the psyche. All actions are the expression of psychic energy through a physical body to create an effect in spacetime. Each effect creates consequences which usually demand further action. It is easy to see that action which is not initiated by the Self can only result in unexpected consequences, and that action which conforms to the will of the Self is motivated by and directed toward a transcendent goal. Although correct non-action generally creates no negative consequences in spacetime, it does have nourishing consequences in the psyche as autonomous forces are gathered, digested, assimilated and renewed in ascending configurations of growth. As this Path represents the structure of the [ego], the attribution of the Mouth reminds us that the purpose of incarnation is the seeking of the food of experience in Form for the benefit of the [Self] and the Spirit.
Gareth Knight -- Qabalistic Symbolism
SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION
Compare the Image of Nourishment in this hexagram with those in hexagram number five, Waiting; number forty-eight, The Well; and number fifty, The Sacrificial Vessel.

周易第二十七卦初九爻详解
初九爻辞
初九。舍尔灵龟，观我朵颐，凶。
象曰：观我朵颐，亦不足贵也。
白话文解释
初九：自己储藏着大量的财宝，还要羡嫉人家的财物，必遭凶险之事。
《象辞》说：羡嫉人家的财物，这不是高尚的行为。

北宋易学家邵雍解
凶：得此爻者，为争夺财利而起祸，大凡心底善良守正道者可无忧。做官的会受贿，失其廉。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：舍己观人，徒慕虚名。
财运：经营不顺，别人获利。
家宅：六神无主；婚姻不谐。
身体：饮食致病。

初九变卦

  初九爻动变得周易第23卦：山地剥。这个卦是异卦（下坤上艮）相叠。五阴在下，一阳在上，阴盛而阳孤；高山附于地。二者都是剥落象，故为“剥卦”。此卦阴盛阳衰，喻小人得势，君子困顿，事业败坏。

初九爻的哲学含义

颐卦第一爻，爻辞：初九：舍尔灵龟，观我朵颐，凶。爻辞释义
舍：指舍弃。尔：指你，这里指初九爻。灵龟：是指善于吸气自养而长寿的两栖动物。我：这里指阳爻上九。这里需要说明的是，在这颐卦之中，只有初九和上九两个阳爻，但是初九是靠别人养活自己，上九是自己来养活别人。
本爻给人的启示是：要自力更生，靠自己的奋斗来养活自己，这样既有尊严，又能体现自己的价值，还能长久。就像神龟一样，自身就具备长寿的能力，
却舍弃这种能力，而求别人来供养自己，这是自找麻烦的做法。现在许多人的生活方式与此相同，舍己求人，依附于别人，靠别人来养活自己，这样虽然看似自己不用努力，但是却很凶险。
《象》曰：“观我朵颐”，亦不足贵也。这里指出，“求养于别人”，这里虽然也是重视保养身体，但由于不能坚守正道，是依赖于他人的，所以并不值得推崇。
初九是阳爻居刚位，以阳刚之质本有能力自己养活自己，但他却有好的条件不用，欲求恩赐，故诫之曰“凶”。
占得此爻者，如果你能安守本分，满足于简朴的生活，你将拥有一份平静充实的心境。如果你看着碗里，又想着锅里的，反而会挨饿。

初九：舍尔灵龟，观我朵颐，凶。
《象传》曰：观我朵颐，亦不足贵也。
凡爻辞尔与我对言，是《易》中比应，互为宾主之一例。此爻尔我云云，自应位之六四告初九之辞，“尔”指初九，“我”则六四自称也。龟为四灵之一，不饮不食，服气吐纳，渊默自养者也。《颐》初上两阳而包四阴，《离》象也，《离》为龟，故曰“灵龟”。初九一阳之始，胚胎万有，是即吾身之灵龟，不待养于外者也。舍“灵龟”而观“朵颐”，是捐其廉明之德，以行其贪窃之情，蠢兹众生，可悲可叹，故戒之曰“凶”。《象》曰“不足贵”者，谓养小失大，纵得所欲，亦不足贵也。
【占】　问战征：古者行军必先占卜以定吉凶，爻辞曰“舍尔灵龟，观我朵颐”，是不畏神明，而徒贪财物，故曰“凶”也。
○　问营商：初爻为一阳之始，变而为《剥》，《剥》者解《剥》也，《象》曰“不利有攸往”，营商恐难获利。爻辞曰“尔”“我”者，主宾也；“朵颐”者，口之动而食物也。舍“灵龟”而观“朵颐”，有利亦恐为他人食没也，故凶。
○　问功名：“灵龟”者内心也，“朵颐”者外貌也，舍内而求外，舍己而观人，徒慕虚声，必无实学，功名难成。
○　问家宅：宅中六神不安，恐有外鬼作祟，动来求食，凶。
○　问疾病：病由饮食不节所致，宜问神祈祷，可愈。
○　问婚嫁：尔我者，男女两姓也，“舍尔”“观我”，显见两姓不谐，其故在争论礼物，必不成也，成亦必凶。
○　问讼事：必由口舌启衅。曰“舍我”，曰“观尔”，是两造各执一见，一时不能就理。凶。
【例】　友人某来曰，余窃有希求，欲面谒某贵显，请占其成否如何？筮得《颐》之《剥》。
断曰：此卦内卦《震》雷，雷动也，外卦《艮》山，山止也，显见雷欲动而为山所止也。今得初爻，明明足下将有所动作，而为贵显所阻止。爻辞曰“舍尔灵龟，观我朵颐”，所谓“尔”者属贵显，“我”者是足下，“舍尔”“观我”，是足下欲强贵显而从我所求也。所谓“朵颐”者，口腹之求，无餍之欲，以此往谒贵显，非特不成，恐反受谴责，故曰“凶”也。
友人闻之，不快于意，后往谒贵显，为所谢绝。

Line-1
Legge: The first line, dynamic, seems to be thus addressed: "You leave your efficacious tortoise, and look at me till your lower jaw hangs down.” There will be evil.
Wilhelm/Baynes: You let your magic tortoise go, and look at me with the corners of your mouth drooping. Misfortune.
Blofeld: You released your sacred tortoise and stared at me with mouth agape -misfortune! [The shells of tortoises were used for divination. Here, the implication seems to be that someone abandons his sacred duty in his greed (symbolized by ‘mouth agape') to obtain what he wants from the person to whom “me” refers. It may be that contemporaries of the authors of the I Ching were familiar with a story to which this sentence pertains.]
Liu: If you leave your divine tortoise and look at me with mouth drooling, there will be misfortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Stowing-away simply the psyche tortoise. Viewing my pendant jaws. Pitfall.
Shaughnessy: Dispensing with your numinous turtle, and viewing our shortened jaw; inauspicious.
Cleary (1): Abandoning your spiritual tortoise, you watch my moving jaw – this is unfortunate.
Cleary(2): To give up your sacred tortoise and watch me greedily leads to misfortune.
Wu: “Abandon your spiritual tortoise and watch me with your mouth watering.” Foreboding.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: He thus shows himself unfit to be thought noble. Wilhelm/
Baynes: This is really not to be respected. Blofeld: Looking at me like that is hardly to be regarded as admirable behavior. Ritsema/Karcher: Truly not the stand to value indeed. Cleary(2): To watch me greedily is not worthy of respect.
Wu: He who watches with his mouth watering is also unworthy of respect.
Legge: The first line is dynamic and in his proper place. He might suffice for the nourishing of himself like a tortoise, which is said to live on air. But he is drawn out of himself by desire for the magnetic line four, his proper correlate, at whom he looks till his jaw hangs down, or, as we say, his mouth waters. Hence the

auspice is bad. The symbolism takes the form of a reprimand addressed by the fourth line to the first. As Mencius said, "He who attends his smaller self becomes an inferior man, and he who attends to his greater self becomes a superior man."
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: At the outset, the man is envious of the prosperity of others.
Wing: You are so actively aware of the prosperity of others that you lose control of your own destiny. This is deplorable behavior and will result in misfortune.
Editor: This line is a reprimand for an unworthy attitude. Since in China the tortoise was associated with divination, it refers to a higher realm of perception. The other translations render Legge's "efficacious" as "magic," "sacred," "divine," "psyche," and "numinous." The line tells you that you are out of touch with what is best in you and suggests a “victim,” a self-made loser, who has repudiated his source of power or nourishment and then begs for sympathy because he “has nothing.” Often the line can suggest that you have misread a previous oracle: i.e., "I already told you, but you paid no attention.” So it will be seen that spiritual growth is best attained by getting fully to grips with life in the world. It is a common pathology with esoterically inclined students that they want to find the easiest way out of it. This accounts for many of the "muzzy mystical" societies which give such a bad name to occultism. In a genuine occult school the student should be rammed good and hard into the maelstrom of life; and until he can cope efficiently with the physical plane the higher planes of experience should
be barred to him -- for his own sake as well as others.
Gareth Knight -- Qabalistic Symbolism
A. You've lost touch with your spiritual Self.
B. Image of a "needy” victim. Grow up!

周易第二十七卦九二爻详解
六二爻辞
六二。颠颐，拂经；于丘颐，征凶。
象曰：六二征凶，行失类也。
白话文解释
六二：为了糊口，就得在山坡上开荒种地。为了生计而去抢劫别人，这是凶险之事。
《象辞》说：六二爻辞说抢劫则凶，因为这种行径违反道义。

北宋易学家邵雍解
凶：得此爻者，大起大落，是非不一，凶者病致死。做官的须防被贬职。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：侥幸得成，终究是凶。
财运：不合常理，难免耗损。
家宅：未得其正；妇道可议。
身体：头昏眼花，小心调养。

六二变卦

  六二爻动变得周易第41卦：山泽损。这个卦是异卦（下兑上艮）相叠。艮为山；兑为泽。上山下泽，大泽浸蚀山根。损益相间，损中有益，益中有损。二者之间，不可不慎重对待。损下益上，治理国家，过度会损伤国基。应损则损，但必量力、适度。少损而益最佳。

九二爻的哲学含义

颐卦第二爻，爻辞：六二：颠颐，拂经，于丘颐，征凶。爻辞释义
颠：指颠倒。拂经：拂，是指违背、违逆之意。经，指经常，这里指常规之理。丘：本指高出平地的小山，这里指的是卦中的上九阳爻。征：上行远征。
本爻辞的意思是：颠倒养育方式，反过来向下属乞求食物以获取奉养，是违背常理的。往高处求养育，则前进的途中必然遭遇凶险。
颐卦第二爻，爻辞：六二：颠颐，拂经，于丘颐，征凶。人生启示
从六二这一爻可以看出，人要是不能自力更生，是挺危险的事情。六二由于不能自养，就去求救于下属，也就是下爻初九。要知道，这是违背正常的供养之道的。作为上级或领导，你应该有能力来养活下属，若是向下属求助，则颠倒了这种规律，好比老板不给员工开工资，反而向员工借钱花一样，是很危险的。若不下求，去上求，找外援，也是难以如愿的。
占得此爻者，一定要有自力更生的意识，你是上下都指望不上的。下级没有能力帮助你，而外援也不会帮助你。《象》曰：六二“征凶”，行失类也。这里指出，六二所要求助的外援，并不是其同类，类似于非亲非友，人家不会伸手援助的。当务之急，靠自己的能力和努力来养活自己，来走出困境。当然，若是你不能自立而有人来帮助你，你不要嫌弃人家能力有限，势力太小，而去寻求更有能力、有势力的人来帮助自己，这样你会失去原来的帮助，也得不到新的帮助，结局很凶险。
六二：颠颐，拂经，于丘颐，征凶。
象曰：六二征凶，行失类也。
经文意思是：躺着吃东西，违背养生常规，在土堆边吃东西，征讨有凶险。象舌羊意思是：六二征讨有凶险，是因为他的行为会失去同类。
爻相当于大夫之位，所以生活较为富裕，于是养成了好吃懒做的习惯。这样就违背了养生之道，把身体养得又肥又胖，与人争斗自然不会成为赢家，所以“征凶”，古代文献中记载，当时一些富裕的人们是极其注重饮食享乐的，在吃的方面非常讲究，并且往往吃饱了之后，还想吃，怎么办呢？有些医生便发明了一种可以使人呕吐的药方，人们吃完美味佳肴后，便吃这种药，吐了之后，再接着吃。这么吃，并且又不运动，身体素质肯定不会提髙，所以一旦出现争战之事，只能吃败仗了。

六二：颠颐，拂经于丘颐，征凶。
《象传》曰：六二，征凶，行失类也。
二爻比初应五，阴柔不能自养，犹女不能自处，而必从男，阴不能独立，而必从阳也。“颠”倒也，“拂”违也，“经”义也，“丘”所履之常处也。夫颐养之道，以自上养下为常，今二爻虽与五为应，阴柔不能养五，反而求养于初爻，辞曰“颠颐，拂经”，是颠倒而违于常理也。以此求养，未见其福，以此而行，未见有与，故曰“颐，征凶”。《象》曰“行失类也”，《震》为行，阴阳各从其类，二爻不知养内卦之《乾》，反养外卦之《坤》，是为“失类”，故“征凶”也。
【占】　问战征：行军之要，首在纪律严明，步伐整齐。爻曰“颠颐，拂经”，是必背违纪律，步伐错乱也。凶莫大矣。
○　问营商：二爻变《损》，《损》，耗损也，于商不利。爻辞曰“颠”，曰“拂”，是明言买卖出入不合常理也，故曰“征凶”。
○　问功名：“颠颐，拂经”，是不循常道，侥幸求成，虽得终凶。
○　问婚嫁：六二阴柔居下，不奉上而反养下，是谓颠倒拂乱，不得其正，妇道不可问矣。故《象》曰“行失类也”，凶可知矣。
【例】　友人医师伊藤某，其子在横滨营商业，伊藤某一日来访，请占其子终身运限，筮得《颐》之《损》。
断曰：《颐》之六二，以阴居阴，才智俱弱，未足兴立事业也。《颐》者养也，当居下以奉上，不当以上而养下，此为养之常道也。今二爻辞曰“颠颐，拂经于丘”，是颠倒拂乱而失其正也。足下占问令郎终身，而得此爻，知令郎虽从事商业，必不能获利而养亲，而反将耗损父产，故曰“征凶”。且其所与共事者，皆非善类，故《象》曰“六二征凶，行失类也”。为今之计，惟嘱令郎停止商业，可免后患。
伊藤某闻之，大为叹息，谓《易》象所云，丝毫不爽。即命其子闭店，其子不从，竟至产业荡尽，可惜可惜！

Line-2
Legge: The second line, magnetic, shows one looking downwards for nourishment, which is contrary to what is proper; or seeking it from the height above, advance towards which will lead to evil.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Turning to the summit for nourishment, deviating from the path to seek nourishment from the hill. Continuing to do this brings misfortune.
Blofeld: Nourishment on the mountain peak; he abandons normal ways to seek
nourishment in the hills -- misfortune! [From ancient times, there has been a

large body of opinion in China that Taoists and other mystics leading the life of a recluse are odd people who have abandoned their duties to family, state and mankind. However, the Book of Change, revered by both Taoists and Confucians, is not likely to be guilty of bias; indeed, in the fourth place, “nourishment on the mountain” brings good fortune. Perhaps the implication is that those who withdraw from ordinary life more on account of their oddity than because of any genuine desire for spiritual guidance waste their talents and their time.]
Liu: Seeking nourishment from the top, one strays from the path to the hill. To set forth leads to misfortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Toppling jaws. Rejecting the canons, tending-toward the hill-top. Jaws chastising: pitfall.
Shaughnessy: Say upside-down jaw; threshing the warp at the northern jaw; to be upright is inauspicious.
Cleary (1): Perverting nourishment goes against the constant. Feeding on high ground – to go brings misfortune.
Cleary(2): Perverting nourishment brushes aside the constant. Feeding on high ground, an expedition bodes ill. [For those above to nourish those below is the rational constant. Here one in a higher position is recessive and weak, and relies on strength from below for nourishment; so this “brushes aside the constant.]
Wu: There is reversed nurturing. It violates the normal order of offering nurture to the one above. The action is foreboding. [The second (line) has the responsibility of offering nurture to its correlate, the fifth (line). On the contrary, it nurtures the one below, i.e., the first (line). Hence the judgment calls the action a misplaced reversed nurturing.]
Hua-Ching Ni: One neglects the constancy and stability which can benefit life and seeks nourishment from the wrong source. Misfortune.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The evil of her advance is because her movements abandon her proper associates. Wilhelm/Baynes: In going it loses its place among its kind. Blofeld: The misfortune is due to his having separated himself from his own kind. Ritsema/Karcher: Movement letting-go sorting indeed. Cleary(2): The action loses companionship. Wu: It is out of order.
Legge: The magnetic second line, insufficient for herself, seeks nourishment first from the dynamic first line below, which is improper, and then from the dynamic sixth line above, which is too far removed and also not her proper correlate. In

either case the thing is evil because neither of the dynamic lines is her proper associate.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man does not provide for his own support. He improperly takes what he needs from below and also cravenly begs for it from above. Such unworthiness leads to misfortune.
Wing: Although you are able to properly nourish yourself in this situation, you rely upon inappropriate methods or persons to fulfill your needs. If this continues, it will rob you of your independence and create an unhealthy state of mind. Difficulties will follow.
Editor: There seems to be disagreement among the translators about which “order of nourishment” (above or below), is appropriate. Legge’s commentary and Siu’s paraphrase offer the most coherent interpretations. The line usually symbolizes one who doesn't know her proper place, who tries to exceed her authority or go beyond herself. Issues pertaining to self-righteousness, spiritual materialism and “wannabe gurus” are sometimes addressed here. The line can also refer to shirking one's responsibility. For example, begging the oracle for information one can easily decide for oneself. If a man sleeps in a damp place, his back aches and he ends up half paralyzed, but is this true of a loach? If he lives in a tree, he is terrified and shakes with fright, but is this true of a monkey? Of these three creatures, then, which one knows the proper place to live?
Chuang Tzu
A. You are seeking nourishment from inappropriate sources -- get back where you belong.
B. Seeking that which is beneath you is base; seeking that which is beyond your grasp is futile. Don’t strive above your proper station.
C. Take responsibility for yourself.

周易第二十七卦九三爻详解详解
六三爻辞
六三。拂颐，贞凶。十年勿用，无攸利。
象曰：十年勿用，道大悖也。
白话文解释
六三：违背养生正道，靠歪门邪道过活，占问得凶兆。十年都得倒霉，永无好处。
《象辞》说：十年都得倒霉，因为这种行为大有悖于道义。

北宋易学家邵雍解
凶：得此爻者，运势低迷，荒诞无稽，甚至有生死离别之伤。做官的有丧名失节之患。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：无路可走，闭门思过。
财运：久难成事，无利可图。
家宅：家宅不安；十年方婚。
身体：痼疾难治。

六三变卦

  六三爻动变得周易第22卦：山火贲。这个卦是异卦（下离上艮）相叠。离为火为明；艮为山为止。文明而有节制。贲卦论述文与质的关系，以质为主，以文调节。贲，文饰、修饰。

九三爻的哲学含义

颐卦第三爻，爻辞：六三：拂颐，贞凶，十年勿用，无攸利。爻辞释义
拂：拂掠，掠取，违背。贞：这里不作“正”讲，是表示坚持不改变初衷，不知悔改。十：是数之终，十年勿用，是指终不可用。
本爻辞的意思是：违背了颐养的正道，结果必然遭遇凶险。这种不求自养而妄求养于人的想法，终不可用，没有一点好处。
《象》曰：“十年勿用”，道大悖也。这里指出了“这种不求自养而妄求养于人的想法，终不可用”，是因为它与颐养的正道大相径庭，从根本上违背了养育他人和保养自己的原则和方法。
占得此爻者，要注意自己的行为，做事业可以寻求帮助，但是应该在适度的范围之内，如果采取欺骗或其他不正当的手段，不会有任何好处。别人认清了你的本性后，可能会和你断绝来往。

六三：拂颐，贞凶，十年勿用，无攸利。
《象传》曰：十年勿用，道大悖也。
三爻居内卦之极，阴柔而不中正。《颐》三变而为《贲》，《吕氏春秋》；孔子卜得《贲》，曰不吉，以《贲》不得五色之正也。《颐》三比二应上，谄媚以奉上，是拂夫《颐》养之贞，故凶。上下互《坤》，《坤》为十年；故曰“十年”：《坤》又为用，以其拂贞，故曰“勿用”。三至六为《剥》，《剥》，《彖》曰“不利有攸往”，注谓当《剥》之时，强亢激拂，触忤陨身，是以“不利有攸往”。《颐》三拂贞，故直曰“无攸利”，是无所可往，无所得利也。《象传》曰“道大悻也”，极言于《颐》养之道，大相拂乱，故至“十年”而“勿用”，深责而弃绝之也。
【占】　问战征：师以贞为吉，拂贞则不吉。颐养也，养兵以备用，养拂其道，则兵不可用。《象》曰“道大悖也”，是犯上好乱，其败亡必矣，故凶。
○　问营商：商业专在获利，曰“无攸利”，无论营业之大小，无论贩货之远近，皆无所得利也。极之“十年勿用”，是久久而不成事也，故凶。
○　问功名：功名之道，要在出而用世，得以利济群民，是将以道养天下也。若拂夫《颐》之正，而极之“十年勿用”，则将终其身而不得见用也，故曰“无攸利”。
○　问家宅：是宅必久无人居住矣，且恐有鬼祟出而求食，家宅不安，住之不利。
○　问婚姻：主闺门不贞，其婚事亦必过十年可成。
○　问六甲：生男。
【例】　明治二十五年，占国家之气运，筮得《颐》之《贲》；又占众议院，得初爻，推理如左：
此卦雷在下，山在上，雷欲动而为山所止。《颐》之象为人口，上腭止而下腭动。《颐》之义为养，如张口以求食也。今占国家气运得此卦，盖国家所重在人民，人民之所重在食，人一日不食则饥，七日不食则死，人民之旦夕忙忙不惮劳苦者，无非自求其食也。内而家，外而国，仰事俯畜，皆藉得食以为养也。且《颐》之反卦仍为《颐》，人民发动，政府自上得以止之，政府行动，人民在下，亦得以止之，犹是颐之上下唇，有互相开合以为用也，故利用观。“观颐”者，即观其《颐》之贞不贞也，贞即正，所谓养正则吉，由一己以推诸家国天下，皆以得养之正为吉。我日本全国人口繁殖，明治五年三干五百万人，二十年间，已达四千余万，今以一年平均计之，约有四十万人增加。论土地之开垦，每年仅不过二万町步，以地之所产，合计人口之所食，每年有二十万人民不得其食，是以人民不能不“自求口实”矣。求而正者吉，不正则放僻邪侈，无所不为，由是廉耻道丧，争夺日滋，而盗贼群起，原其故，无不由“自求口实”来也。朝廷治以禁暴之法，而不开其养生之源，譬如见赤子呱呱啼饥，不为之哺乳，而与以止啼之苦药，终无益也。为今之计，惟在诱导穷民，使人开垦荒芜不毛之地，又起国家公益之事业，而从事之，以与为民力食之地而已，谓之“颐贞吉”。
三爻之辞曰：“拂颐，贞凶，十年勿用，无攸利”，是即《彖》辞所云“颐贞吉”者，而反言之也。“十年勿用，无攸利”，是凶之极致也。三爻以阴居阴，不中不正，上下俱悖《颐》养之正道，故曰“拂颐，贞凶”。国家气运，值此爻象，及今而不急为调剂，恐异日之尤，有不可测者矣。且今后十年，即至《大过》上爻之气运，则有穷民转沟壑之象，故曰“十年勿用，无攸利”。占象如斯，可惧！可惧！
占众议院，得初爻，辞曰：“舍而灵龟，观我朵颐，凶。”《象传》曰：“观我朵颐，亦不足贵也。”龟者介虫之最灵者，曳尾泥途，是葆养灵德，而不求口实者也。初爻《震》阳之始，为下卦之主，爻辞曰“舍而灵龟，观我朵颐，凶”。今就议员而论，所谓“尔”者属主选之人，所谓“我”者必属应选之人，是舍主选者之明鉴，而专观应选者之口实，则龟无其灵，不足以为龟，即议员无其才，不足为议员也。故《象》曰，“观我朵颐，亦不足贵也”，明言此徒求温饱之辈，虽幸充议员，何足贵乎？又此爻变则为《剥》，《剥》之为卦，“君子道消，小人道长”，此最为国家盛衰所攸关，主议员之选者，所当凛凛也。
【例】　友人某，从事商业，家道富裕，生有一子，平生悔己不学，使子就学东京。虽卒业学校，因素无家教，遂至所交非人，征逐酒食，浪费金钱，或侮慢老成，或诽谤亲友，甚至以父为顽固而奴视之，逼迫父母，分析财产。复来东京，充辩护之士，间营米商以争输赢，乃至亡失资本，复托友人，请求于父。于是其父来请一占，筮得《颐》之《贲》。
断曰：《颐》养也，谓宜以下养上者也。今令郎分父财产，未几耗尽，而复求食于父，是下不能养上，而转欲以上养下也。故三爻之辞曰：“拂颐，贞凶，十年勿用，无攸利。”以令郎素失教训，不知生产之艰难，必至“十年勿用”，困苦穷厄，历尽艰辛，使之困极知悔，十年以后，或可有为也。为今之计，惟稍给口食，得以度日而已，是今日处置之法也。
其父叹息曰：所谓“子不教，父之过”，余知所悔矣！乃谢而去。

Line-3
Legge: The third line, magnetic, shows one acting contrary to the method of nourishing. However firm she may be, there will be evil. For ten years let her not take any action, for it will not be advantageous in any way.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Turning away from nourishment. Perseverance brings misfortune. Do not act thus for ten years. Nothing serves to further.

Blofeld: He is determined to relinquish nourishment -- misfortune! For ten years he performs no useful function and there is nowhere favorable for him to go. [Such extreme eccentricity can only end in barrenness. Those familiar with Buddhism will recollect that the Lord Buddha abandoned nourishment on the advice of his teachers and then came to regret this fruitless method of selfdiscipline.]
Liu: One turns away from nourishment. Continuing in this way brings misfortune: no action for ten years, no benefit or advantage. [Owing to misconduct there is a danger of encountering disaster, misfortune, or poor health.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Rejecting Jaws. Trial: pitfall. Ten years-revolved, no availing-of. Without direction: Harvesting.
Shaughnessy: Threshing the jaw; determination is inauspicious; for ten years do not use it; there is no place beneficial.
Cleary (1): Going against nourishment, even with rectitude this is inauspicious. Don’t act on this for ten years; there is no benefit.
Cleary (2): Going against nourishment is inauspicious even if there is rectitude. Do not act on this for ten years; there is nothing to be gained. [The weak cannot nourish themselves; if they are also not balanced correctly and dwell on the climax of action in this state, this is going against nourishment. Even though there is a correct correspondence with the top yang, this cannot save them, and they wind up useless . In Buddhism, it is like the senses deranging people so that they lose their standards.]
Wu: It violates the principle of nurturing. Even if correct it is foreboding. It loses its usefulness for ten years. There is nothing to be gained.
Hua-Ching Ni: The wrong kind of nourishment. This kind of nourishment may look good for ten years, but in the end has no real benefit. Misfortune.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Her course is greatly opposed to what is right. Wilhelm/
Baynes: It is all too contrary to the right way. Blofeld: Ten years because his ways are utterly perverse. Ritsema/Karcher: Ten years-revolved, no availingof. Tao, the great rebelling indeed. Cleary(2): For the way is greatly confused.
Wu: Because it has violated the principle.
Legge: Line three is magnetic in a dynamic place, and because she is the last line in the trigram of Movement, that quality culminates in her. She considers herself self-sufficient, needing no help. The issue is bad.

Anthony: Only by firmly mastering our inferiors [i.e. our attitudes, complexes, limiting beliefs] do we nourish ourself correctly.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Instead of solid accomplishments, the man pursues pleasures and selfgratification. He will never achieve anything so long as he is surrounded by dissipating temptations.
Wing: You cannot be fully nourished because you are too busy looking for nourishment in the wrong places. In doing this, you turn away from others who might help you, and therefore you achieve nothing. This is eccentric and dangerous behavior.
Editor: The idea here is one of ignoring or repudiating what is necessary for growth. Compare this line with the sixth line of hexagram 24: Return, which
Wilhelm translates as: “Missing the return. Misfortune. Misfortune from within and without. If armies are set marching in this way, one will in the end suffer a great defeat, disastrous for the ruler of the country. For ten years it will not be possible to attack again.” Carefully examine the situation at hand to determine where the source of error lies. This line can sometimes refer to “attitude” problems – depression or pessimism that you cannot throw off despite knowing that the Work transcends such illusions. The difficulty in realizing this permanence of the essential self is, of course, due to the fact that a person becomes so attached to the physical vehicle and so connected with its activities, that the divine self is seldom contacted.
G. Barborka -- The Pearl of the Orient
A. You have just made an egregious blunder.
B. Consider yourself reprimanded for getting off the path.
C. Your assumptions in the matter at hand are totally incorrect.
D. You have an attitude problem.

周易第二十七卦九四爻详解详解
六四爻辞
六四。颠颐，吉。虎视眈眈，其欲逐逐，无咎。
象曰：颠颐之吉，上施光也。
白话文解释
六四：所求不过糊口，害人之心不可存，吉利。虎视眈眈，防人之心不可无。这样就可以安享天年，悠然自得，无灾祸。
《象辞》：所求不过餬口，之所以吉利，因为君上施舍甚广，足以养民。

北宋易学家邵雍解
吉：得此爻者，会得到好人的帮助，营谋遂意。做官的会得到祖上的恩惠，幸宠有加。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：养精蓄锐，可图功名。
财运：看清市场，买卖获利。
家宅：尚可称正。
身体：少欲则安。

六四变卦

  六四爻动变得周易第21卦：火雷噬嗑。这个卦是异卦（下震上离）相叠。离为阴卦；震为阳卦。阴阳相交，咬碎硬物，喻恩威并施，宽严结合，刚柔相济。噬嗑为上下颚咬合，咀嚼。

九四爻的哲学含义

颐卦第四爻，爻辞：六四：颠颐，吉；虎视眈眈，其欲逐逐，无咎。爻辞释义
颠：颠倒。虎视：虎在本卦中是相对于龟而言，龟为自养于内之物，虎为求养于外之物。逐逐：是指前后相继而不缺乏的意思。无咎：没有过错。
本爻辞的意思是：颠倒养育方式，吉祥。像老虎要扑食那样，专心注视，孜孜以求，没有灾祸。
我们看颐这一卦，六二爻因“颠颐”而获凶，六四却因“颠颐”而获吉。
《象》对此的解释是：“颠颐之吉”，上施光也。也就是说，这是因为六四位居在上，与初九照应，同时又能坚守正道，虽取之于民，却又用之于民，它能够向下普遍地施舍光明恩德。这一点可以理解为现在的税收政策，政府收税，取之于民，也用之于民。官员的俸禄是来自于百姓，但是其为百姓做事，这种“颠颐”就是符合正道的，是吉祥的。
六四这一爻，紧邻六五之君主，属于近君大臣。他得到了来自百姓的供养，就要兢兢业业地为百姓做事，像饿虎扑食一样专注，不辞辛劳地奔波，对百姓广施恩惠。

六四：颠颐，吉。虎视耽耽，其欲逐逐，无咎。
《象传》曰：颠颐之吉，上施光也。
四爻柔正，与初九刚正相应，居得其位，以上养下，得《颐》之义，故曰“颠颐，吉”。四爻属上体，得《艮》气，《艮》为虎，耽耽下视之貌，是威而不猛之谓也。“逐逐”，《子夏传》作“攸攸”，苟作“悠悠”，刘表作“耽耽”，云“远也”。按《汉书·叙传》，“六四耽耽，其欲浟浟”，师古注，“浟浟，欲利之貌”。初取象于龟，龟者介虫之长；四取象于虎，虎者百兽之长，是两相应也。龟之德在灵，虎之威在视，初与四，取义各有所在。且《颐》卦旁通《大过》，“大过颠也”，故四称“颠”，二亦称“颠”。六二“颠颐凶”，六四则以“颠颐”得吉者何也？盖六二处下体而又养下，是以凶也；六四处上体，又应于初，阴而应阳，又能威严寡欲，所以吉也。《象》曰：“颠颐之吉，上施光也”，“上”谓上九。上得《乾》之一画，《乾》阳上烛，光明无所不照，四知养其乾元，则《乾》之光施于四，四即得之以为光，是以曰“上施光也。”
【占】　问战征：战士之勇者称虎臣，亦称虎贲，皆谓其有力也。然必须养其精锐而后用，非徒恃威猛而轻进也，故曰“颠颐，吉”。
○　问营商：“颠”，恐一时物价有倒跌之象。“虎视耽耽，其欲逐逐”，譬言商人谋利之状，能视其贱价而置货，故吉而无咎。
○　问功名：功名之兆，自古多取龙虎，是以吉也。“视耽耽”，“欲逐逐”，皆谋望腾达之意。
○　问家宅：此宅必右山白虎居高，有怒目欲噬之形，幸四爻以阴居阴，位得其正，可无咎也。
○　问六甲：生男。
【例】　内务省参事官松本郁郎氏，将以公事赴浓尾，因请占任命事件。筮得《颐》之《噬嗑》。
断曰：此卦内卦为《震》动，外卦为《艮》止，知足下赴浓尾地方，为办理震灾后之事宜也，《震》动《艮》止，其象昭然。颐养之道，以下养上为正，今《震》灾之后，民不得食，朝廷为发粟赈济，是以上而养下也，颠倒也，故曰“颠颐，吉”。“虎视耽耽，其欲逐逐”，属在灾民，其惶惶求食，俨如饿虎，亦无足怪。然其中保无奸吏营私，视政府赈灾之饷，阴作中饱之图？所谓“视耽耽”，“欲逐逐”者，亦未始无人也。足下办此灾案，尤当察其奸曲。此爻变为《噬嗑》，《噬嗑》为卦，用狱明罚，所谓“小惩而大诫之”也。恤此灾民，惩彼奸吏，虽有“虎视耽耽，其欲逐逐”，固无咎也。
松本氏首肯而去，后果如此占。
【例】　友人某来，请占某贵显，筮得《颐》之《益》。
断曰：四爻位近六五，显见宰辅之象。四处上体，为《艮》之始，其威德能镇定群动，其恩泽能养育群生；应于初爻，阴而养阳，又能威严而寡欲，故曰“颠颐，吉。虎视耽耽，其欲逐逐，无咎”也。友人曰：断语如见其人。

Line-4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows one looking downwards for the power to nourish. (Sic.) There will be good fortune. Looking with the downward unwavering glare of a tiger, and with her desire that impels her to spring after spring, she will fall into no error.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Turning to the summit for provision of nourishment brings good fortune. Spying about with sharp eyes like a tiger with insatiable craving. No blame.
Blofeld: Nourishment on the mountain peak -- good fortune! He glares like a
tiger stalking its prey so ardent is his look -- no error! [This line, like the second line, suggests a recluse; but in this case he is well qualified for the spiritual life and obviously gains the fruit of his endeavor. His tigerish glance calls to mind a Master of Zen or, rather, a Taoist sage who has reached a similar stage of enlightenment.]
Liu: Seeking nourishment from the top of the mountain brings good fortune. One stares like a starving tiger stalking its prey. No blame.
Ritsema/Karcher: Toppling jaws. Significant. Tiger observing: glaring, glaring.
His appetites: pursuing, pursuing. Without fault.
Shaughnessy: Upside-down jaw; auspicious. The tiger looks with eyes downcast, his appearance is so sad; there is no trouble.
Cleary (1): Reverse nourishment is auspicious. The tiger watches intently, about to give chase. No fault.
Wu: There is reversed nurture. Auspicious. Like the attentive gazing of a tiger, he chases after his desires. There will be no error.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: This shows how brilliant will be the diffusion of the power from her superior position. Wilhelm/Baynes: The one above spreads light.
Blofeld: The good fortune is due to light shed from above. Ritsema/Karcher: Spreading-out shining above indeed. Cleary (2): Giving out light from above.
Wu: The favors from above are illustrious.
Legge: With line four we pass into the upper trigram. She is next to the ruler's place in line five, and bent on nourishing and training all below. Her proper correlate is the dynamic first line, and although she is weak in herself, she looks with intense desire to the first line for help (Sic.), and there is no error.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man in a high position recognizes the need for able helpers to pursue his lofty aims for the good of the people. He looks for the required talent with the searching glare of a hungry tiger.

Wing: Any desire to energetically nourish others will meet with success. You are in a position to be supportive and influential, although you may need to enlist help. Look for clever people to aid you. There is no mistake in this.
Editor: Wilhelm, Blofeld and Liu all show this line turning upward to a summit or mountain peak for her source of nourishment, and the Confucian commentaries are rendered in terms of light shining down from above. Legge's translation and commentary are not in accordance with this, and hence misleading. The image is one of turning upward for the inspiration to nourish those below. It suggests an ego gaining its power from the Self in order to correctly nourish subordinate complexes within the psyche. The fourth line represents the minister: symbolically, the ego as facilitator of the Work in spacetime. The image of the tiger suggests the fervor of dedication to a higher idea. Blessed are they who hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled.
Matthew 5: 6
A. A higher alliance creates the strength to manage inferior forces.
B. Turn toward your inner light, then reflect it into the world.
C. The ego follows higher principles to effect changes in subordinate entities.

周易第二十七卦九五爻详解详解
六五爻辞
六五。拂经，居贞吉。不可涉大川。
象曰：居贞之吉，顺以从上也。
白话文解释
六五：开荒种地，平居度日，占问得吉兆。筮遇此爻，不可涉水渡河。
《象辞》说：平居守正，之所以吉利，因为其人安份循道，服从君上。

北宋易学家邵雍解
吉：得此爻者，会有依靠，事可成，但不可乘船涉险。做官的会因人而功可成，位可保。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：固守为宜，急进难成。
财运：行商不利，可以做贾。
家宅：山居较宜；从一为吉。
身体：安居静养，劳累难治。

六五变卦

  六五爻动变得周易第42卦：风雷益。这个卦是异卦（下震上巽）相叠。巽为风；震为雷。风雷激荡，其势愈强，雷愈响，风雷相助互长，交相助益。此卦与损卦相反。它是损上以益下，后者是损下以益上。二卦阐述的是损益的原则。

九五爻的哲学含义

颐卦第五爻，爻辞：六五：拂经，居贞吉，不可涉大川。
爻辞释义拂经：违背常理。
本爻辞的意思是：违背了颐养的常理，但坚守正道就会吉祥。不可以远涉大江大河。
这一爻给那些自身能力不足、才质柔弱的领导的一个好建议，那就是：顺以从上。
从卦象上看，六五以阴爻居于君主这个阳位，又无正应，难以养活百姓，在一个单位来说，就是难以给员工好的待遇。但是，六五有一个好的靠山，或者说是外援，那就是上九。
《象》中分析说：“居贞之吉”，顺以从上也。这里指出“能够安然地居于尊位，所以结果吉祥”，是因为能够顺从有阳刚之美的贤者。
尽管六五才质柔弱，能力欠缺，但是因为居于君主之位，若能重用贤能之人，正确采纳贤臣的建议，就会吉祥。但是由于自身能力有限，最好退而守成，
若是则愎自用，逞强好胜，其结果定难如愿。
占得此爻者，作为领导，你就要正确估计自己的能力，如果自己才质平平，
能力一般，就要重用能人，听取别人的意见。而且安分守己，不要去扩大规模，或是进军新的行业，否则会招致灾祸。
六五：拂经，居贞吉，不可涉大川。
象曰：居贞之吉，顺以从上也。
经文意思是：违背养生理论，居守正道吉，不可跋涉大川。
象辞意思是：居守正道的吉祥，是因为六五柔顺地听从上九的贤者。
六五身处君王之位，但没有实权，大权仍然在太上皇手中，所以他只能坚守正道，并且不易有大的作为。六五的处境就好比汉武帝刚刚登基时，政治大权掌握在窦太后手中。
窦太后喜欢老庄思想，所以汉武帝虽然想有为而治”，但也不敢提出来。只有等窦太后去世后，再施展自己的政治抱负。

六五：拂经，居贞吉，不可涉大川。
《象传》曰：居贞之吉，顺以从上也。
五爻以阳居阳，无应于下，而比于上，是为君者不能养人，反为人所养者也，即拂君道之常经，故曰“拂经”。《颐》卦六爻，惟初上属阳，阳宜行，阴宜居，且五体《艮》，《艮》为止，行则失类，故曰“居贞吉”。五又中虚象《坎》，《坎》为险，又为大川，“居贞”虽吉，而养道未成，不能以济险，故曰“不可涉大川”。按二曰“拂经”，三曰“拂颐”，拂，违也，二三以违拂颐养之道，故皆曰“凶”。五亦曰“拂经”，而独曰吉，何也？不知五爻之吉，不在“拂经”，而在“居贞”，故《象传》曰：“居贞之吉，顺以从上。”“上”谓上九，谓五近上，能以阴顺阳，故居贞得吉也。
【占】　问战征：行军之道，有经有权，谓能达权，似不必拘拘守经也，故“拂经”无咎。曰“居贞吉”，则宜固守，不宜进攻。“不可涉大川”，恐于川流之际有伏兵；舟揖前往，防有风波之厄，皆当谨慎。
○　问营商：利于坐贾，不利行商，贩货出洋，更为可虑。
○　问功名：出而应试，难望成名。
○　问家宅：上体属《艮》，山居则吉，若在临江近水，其宅不利。
○　问婚嫁：恐有不得媒聘之正者，若能从一而终，则亦吉也。
○　问六甲：生男。
○　问疾病：病在五爻，久则四五月，近则五六天，由于调养失宜。能安居静养则吉，若冒风雨，涉远路，恐难治也。
【例】　明治十年中秋，东京增上寺大教正福田行诫，偕其徒少教正朝日氏来访，曰：我增上寺佛殿，往罹火灾，已阅十年，寺僧谋请重新，余谓兵革之余，集资非易，僧徒闻之，不以余言为是，谓本山而无大殿，是失庄严之相，咸各誓愿募化，计图再建。于是预算经费，一切所需，凡若干万元，后因物价腾贵，施工未竣，金款告匮。敢请一占。余曰：《易》道尽人事而俟天命，琐琐细事，未可渎问，不如占间佛殿之建筑何时完成，朝日氏诺，筮得《颐》之《益》。
断曰：筮得《颐》五爻，可观现今佛家之结果也。“经”即佛经，“拂经”者，有违佛经之旨趣也。维新以来，佛制亦从而改革，寺领既还，法禁遂改，食肉畜妻，在所不禁，出家在家，复何区别？是之谓“拂经”。然佛家宗旨，自来不一，古之名僧，有以饭鸽为食者，经文所载，有以法喜为妻者，是以身犯法而为虚无，空诸所有而归寂灭者也。此亦一法也，但必以安居守贞为吉，若不避危险，与俗人争利逐欲，则不可也，故曰“不可涉大川”。《颐》反卦为《大过》，《大过》四爻曰“栋隆，”吉”；九四互《乾》，辰在亥，上值危室，《开元占经》引甘氏曰，“危主架屋”，又引《地轴占》曰：“营室大人之宫”，故“栋隆”。佛殿以供大佛，是以亦有“栋隆”之象。《颐》五爻《象传》曰：“居贞之吉，顺以从上也。”“上”指上九，上九曰：“由颐厉吉，大有庆也。”五至上，相隔一爻，谓一年，顺以从上，俟明年，佛殿可成，故曰“有庆”。

Line-5
Legge: The fifth line, magnetic, shows one acting contrary to what is regular and proper; but if she abides in firmness, there will be good fortune. She should not, however, try to cross the great stream.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Turning away from the path. To remain persevering brings good fortune. One should not cross the great water.
Blofeld: Normal ways are abandoned. Righteous persistence will bring good fortune to those who stay where they are. The great river (or sea) must not be crossed. [In such abnormal times, it is best to stay at home.]
Liu: One strays from the path. Remaining in the correct way brings good fortune. Don't cross the great water. [With another's help, one will...achieve his goals.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Rejecting the canons. Residing-in Trial significant. Not permitting wading the Great River.

Shaughnessy: Threshing the warp; determination about dwelling is auspicious; one may not ford the great river.
Cleary (1): Going against the constant. It is good to abide in rectitude. It will not do to cross great rivers.
Cleary (2): Brushing aside the constant, it is good to remain upright, but it will not do to cross a great river.
Wu: It violates normal way of doing things. Should he stay firm, there will be good fortune. He may not cross the big river.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The good fortune from abiding in firmness is due to her docility in following the line above. Wilhelm/Baynes: The good fortune comes from following the one above devotedly. Blofeld: The good fortune attainable by such people consists in being able to obey their superiors most willingly.
Ritsema/Karcher: Residing in Trial's significance. Yielding uses adhering-to the above indeed. Cleary (2): What is good about remaining upright is following those above docilely. Wu: The docility of following the one above.
Legge: Line five is not equal to the requirements of her position, but with a firm reliance on the dynamic sixth line there will be good fortune. However, she shouldn't engage in the most difficult undertakings.
Anthony: The Sage cannot make us strong. Although we are dependent on his guidance, we must do the work of disciplining our inferiors.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man realizes his personal deficiencies in strength and knowledge to discharge his assigned responsibilities. He seeks and follows the advice of a spiritual superior, who is unknown to the public. Persevering under such guidance will bring success. But he must recognize his dependency and not assume great undertakings alone.
Wing: Although you are aware of the need to nourish and affect others, you lack sufficient strength to do so unaided. You must take an indirect approach and depend upon a strong superior to accomplish the deed. Don't try it on your own.
Editor: This line can suggest that an unconventional ("improper”) action is justifiable under the prevailing conditions. Blofeld interprets the line in terms of correctly abandoning normal procedures; Wilhelm and Liu render images of getting off of a "proper” path, but still retaining appropriateness. Because this fifth line ruler seeks help from the sixth line above, the image suggests an ego obeying the higher laws of the Self. The implication is that some form of

unconventional action may be valid under the prevailing circumstances as long as one doesn't attempt too much. In other words, the expected, conventional (or your usual) response may be inappropriate in the current situation. Meditate to obtain intuitive guidance. The greatness of historical personalities has never lain in their abject submission to convention, but, on the contrary, in their deliverance from convention. They towered up like mountain peaks above the mass that still clung to its collective fears, its beliefs, laws, and systems, and boldly chose their own way. To the man in the street it has always seemed miraculous that anyone should turn aside from the beaten track with its known destinations, and strike out on the steep and narrow path leading into the unknown.
Jung -- The Development of Personality
A. The ego looks to the Self for guidance and takes no action which is not so inspired, even if this means that one appears unconventional.

周易第二十七卦上九爻详解详解
上九爻辞
上九。由颐，厉吉。利涉大川。
象曰：由颐厉吉，大有庆也。
白话文解释
上九：遵循生活正道，先艰难而终吉利。筮遇此爻，有利于涉水渡河。
《象辞》说：遵循生活正道，先艰难而终吉利，因为善良之人终得善报。

北宋易学家邵雍解
吉：得此爻者，营谋有成，无往不利。做官的爵禄荣重。读书人会取得佳绩。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：谨慎努力，可以成功。
财运：辛苦经营，才有收获。
家宅：合家平安。
身体：虽危无碍。

上九变卦

  上九爻动变得周易第24卦：地雷复。这个卦是异卦（下震上坤）相叠。震为雷、为动；坤为地、为顺，动则顺，顺其自然。动在顺中，内阳外阴，循序运动，进退自如，利于前进。

上九爻的哲学含义

颐卦第六爻，爻辞：上九：由颐；厉吉，利涉大川。爻辞释义
由：经由的意思。厉：指危险。
本爻辞的意思是：天下百姓都依靠他的养育而得以安居乐业；肩负如此重任，必须谨防危险，有所戒惧才能获得吉祥，这样也才能排除万难，就像顺利涉过大河一样。
能力越强，责任越大，这样的人也常常被视为英雄一样的人物。上九这一爻，指代的就是这样的人物。在颐这一卦之中，上九下面的其他爻都想指望其来供养，上九可以说肩负重任。这一爻和三国时期的诸葛亮很像，特别是在刘备去世之后，后主刘禅软弱无能。内政外交，安邦济民，全都有由诸葛亮来承担。诸葛亮常怀危厉之心，处事谨慎，兢兢业业，留下了千古美名。
占得此爻者，在单位中虽然不是老板，但却是单位的顶梁柱，担负着上下的重任。应该内怀危厉之心，外尽竭诚之力，终获吉祥。
占得此爻者，由于遵守正确的生活规律和养生之道，经过锻炼，身上的疾病消除，恢复了健康，获得了吉利，可以外出或旅行了。
上九处于极亢之位，虽然养尊处优，但消退的危险迫在眉睫，所以显得处于危险之中。可是他有六三与之相应，
上九：由颐，厉吉，利涉大川。
象曰：由颐厉吉，大有庆也。
经文意思是：由此得到养生，表面上危险实则吉祥，有利于跋涉大川。 
象辞意思是：由此得到养生，表面上危险实则吉祥，这是由于有喜庆的事情。 
也就是说可以得到下面众人或其他势力的支持，所以他有利于渡过大的险阻，通过行动改变自己的处境。由于有其他势力的支持，最终会行动成功，所以最终会吉祥。

上九：由颐，厉吉。利涉大川。
《象传》曰：由颐，厉吉，大有庆也。
此卦初上两刚，合养四阴，初爻在下，《震》阳尚微，势力未充；上爻交上，艮阳已极，德足养人，卦中四阴，皆由上九而养，故曰“由颐”。上爻在卦为成卦之主，在爻为养人之主，其任甚重，且以阳刚之才，居危疑之地，苟其稍形骄惰，君疑众怨，是危殆之道也。故人臣当此，惟常怀危厉之念，斯可保其吉也。伊尹、周公忧勤惕厉，终得其吉，即此道也，故曰“厉吉”，以厉而得吉也。养至此，则乾元在我，川可涉，危可济，弱水不能陷，大海不能阻，夫亦安往而不可哉！故曰“利涉大川”。较六五之可“居贞”而“不可以涉大川”者，又有进矣，是足以当天下之大任，济天下之艰危，以成天下之治安者也，在此“由颐”之功耳。《象传》曰“由颐厉吉，大有庆也”，谓阳刚在上，能由养己以及养人，推而至于养天下，则无人而不被其养，即无人而不获其庆也，故《象》曰“大有庆也”。
【占】　问战征：谚云“养兵千日，用在一朝”，其得效力疆场者，皆由平日教养来也，故曰“由颐”。兵，危事也，不知几经危厉，乃得此克捷之功，故曰“厉吉”。“利涉大川”者，必其军士同心同德，斯得涉险，临危而不避，如周师之会孟津，诸葛之渡沪水是也。
○　问营商：商业专在谋利，得利则足以养身养家。然商不能安居而得利也，必将涉历险途，或远贾重洋，方可获利，故曰“厉吉”。
○　问功名：功名一道，由小而大，由卑而尊，然必忧勤惕厉，乃得功成名遂也。《象》曰“大有庆也”，是即所谓得之有喜也。
○　问疾病：虽危得救，故曰“厉吉”。
○　问六甲：生男，故《象》曰“大有庆也”。
【例】　余每年于冬至日，占翌岁事物之吉凶，以为常例。明治二十二年冬，为占一卦，筮得《颐》之《复》。
今岁一月，某贵显来访，问及麦作丰歉如何？余曰：本年政府蓄金备荒，购入外国米，以济灾黎。某贵显问何以知之？答曰：冬至余曾占今年麦作，遇《颐》之《复》。《颐》之为卦，其象为口，其义主养，小之则养在一身一家，大之则养及天下万民，群生衣食，由此而推暨也，故曰“由颐”。上九一阳在上，四阴在下，定卜先时多雨，麦作不丰，及至上爻，阳光发露，收成尚可，故曰“厉吉”。在昨年，因遭水灾，谷粒歉收，今年春，麦又不丰，则民食阈乏，米价腾贵，势必困苦流离，有不堪着想者矣。政府目击时艰，设法赈济，计惟招购外国洋米，以济民饥。其米之来，或自清国，或自印度，或自暹罗，皆由舶运，故曰“利涉大川”。后余以此占上申大藏省，政府乃察其机，即以备荒蓄金购入外国米，出卖于诸港，民心遂得安悦。

Line-6
Legge: The sixth line, dynamic, shows him from whom comes the nourishing. His position is perilous, but there will be good fortune. It will be advantageous to cross the great stream.
Wilhelm/Baynes: The source of nourishment. Awareness of danger brings good fortune. It furthers one to cross the great water.
Blofeld: Nourishment gives rise both to trouble and good fortune. It is favorable to cross the great river (or sea). [Our quest for the necessities of mind and body brings mixed results.]
Liu: Seeking the source of nourishment. Danger, good fortune. It is of benefit to cross the great water.
Ritsema/Karcher: Antecedent Jaws. Adversity significant. Harvesting: wading the Great River.
Shaughnessy: From the jaw; danger; auspicious; beneficial to ford the great river.
Cleary (1): The source of nourishment; dangerous, but auspicious. It is beneficial to cross great rivers.
Cleary (2): At the source of nourishment, it is good to be diligent, etc.
Wu: He nurtures all below him. With fortitude comes auspiciousness, etc.

COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: His good fortune, notwithstanding the peril of his position, affords great cause for congratulation. Wilhelm/Baynes: It has great blessing.
Blofeld: We shall enjoy great blessings. [`Blessings' means good fortune apparently unconnected with our merits or endeavors.] Ritsema/Karcher: The great possessing reward indeed. Cleary (2): There will be great celebration.
Wu: There will be great joy.
Legge: The topmost line is dynamic, and line five relies on him. Being penetrated with the idea of the hexagram, he feels himself in the position of master or tutor to all under heaven. The task is hard and the responsibility great, but realizing these things, he will prove equal to them.
Anthony: The source of nourishment comes from the Sage to ourself and from ourself to others. Only by nourishing ourself correctly can we fulfill our responsibility to nourish others. We “cross the great water” when we tend to this inner nourishment, sorting out and resolutely discarding all the thoughts fantasies, false comforts and self-deceptions that are unworthy of our inner dignity. In this way we get past the dangers they create.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The sage educates others. Heavy responsibilities accompany such a position. Awareness of the situation enables the man to accept great challenges with success to the benefit of the people.
Wing: The person in this position has a highly developed awareness of what is required in order to properly educate, influence, and nourish others. Should he undertake this task, conscious of all the implications of his responsibilities, he will bring happiness to many.
Editor: The internal, eternal Self is the evolving entity of the psyche. The rewards of its cosmic adventure are worth all the perils involved. When action originates from the Self, one flows toward one's destiny. The desire for this kind of inner experience and self- development arises
from a psychic urge, a spiritual hunger -- akin to the need of satisfying
the hunger of the body -- that is present in very different degrees in different persons. It is an expression of the instinctive drive to selfpreservation on a psychic, not a biological level. Those in whom it has been aroused are compelled to strive for the satisfaction of its demands or endure the pangs of spiritual hunger and eventual starvation.
M.E. Harding -- Psychic Energy

A. The Self is the source of all sustenance within the psyche. Action in accordance with such a connection is always appropriate, regardless of difficulties.
B. Follow your best intuition in the matter at hand.
June 28, 2002, Rev. 4/23/06, 4/08/08