02 · 坤为地

坤。元，亨，利牝马之贞。君子有攸往，先迷后得主。利西南得朋，东北丧朋。安贞，吉。

象曰：地势坤，君子以厚德载物。

《象辞》说：大地的形势平铺舒展，顺承天道。君子观此卦象，取法于地，以深厚的德行来承担重大的责任。

坤卦：大吉大利。占问雌马得到吉兆。君子前去旅行，先迷失路途，后来找到主人，吉利。西南行获得财物，东北行丧失财物。占问定居，得到吉兆。

《断易天机》解：坤卦坤上坤下，为坤宫本位卦。坤卦为柔顺，为地气舒展之象，具有纯阴之性，先失道而后得主，宜往西南，西南可得到朋友。

北宋易学家邵雍解

柔顺和静，厚载之功；静守安顺，妄动招损。

得此卦者，宜顺从运势，以静制动，不宜独立谋事，顺从他人，一起合作，可成大事。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解

时运：为人厚道，声名远传。

财运：满载而归。

家宅：家庭安稳；婚嫁大吉。

身体：柔软运动。

这个卦是同卦（下坤上坤）相叠，阴性。象征地（与乾卦相反），顺从天，承载万物，伸展无穷无尽。坤卦以雌马为象征，表明地道生育抚养万物，而又依天顺时，性情温顺。它以“先迷后得”证明“坤”顺从“乾”，依随“乾”，才能把握正确方向，遵循正道，获取吉利。

大象：大地承载万物，以德服众，仁者无敌。

运势：诸事不宜急进，以静制动为宜。

事业：诸项事业可以成功，得到预想的结果，但开始出师不利，为困境所扰。切莫冒险急进，须小心谨言慎行，尤其不可单枪匹马，独断专行。取得朋友的关心和支持最为重要，在他人的合作下，共同完成事业。因此，应注重内心修养，积蓄养德，效法大地，容忍负重，宽厚大度，以直率、方正、含蓄为原则，不得贪功自傲，持之以恒，谋求事业的成功。

经商：机遇不很好，切莫冒险，以稳健为妥，遇到挫折，务必即时总结经验。注意储存货物，待价而沽，处处小心为是。

求名：比较顺利，具备基本条件，踏踏实实，埋头苦干，不追求身外之物，即可吉祥。

婚恋：阴盛。以柔克刚，女方柔顺，美好姻缘，白头到老。

决策：忠厚、温和，待人真诚，热心助人，因此也能得到他人的帮助，可往往因不提防小人而受到伤害，但无大碍。性格灵活，工作方法多样，可以左右逢源，得到赞许。

六十四卦中的坤卦，是由两个坤卦上下相叠而成。象征地，顺从天。承载万物，伸展无穷无尽。坤卦以雌马为象征，表明地道生育抚养万物，而又依天顺时，性情温顺。它以“先迷后得”证明“坤”顺从“乾”，依随“乾”，才能把握正确方向，遵循正道，获取吉利。

《象》中这样分析坤卦：地势坤，君子以厚德载物。这里指出：坤象征大地，君子应效法大地，胸怀宽广，包容万物。

坤卦象征地，属于上上卦。《象》中这样来断此卦：肥羊失群入山岗，饿虎逢之把口张，适口充肠心欢喜，卦若占之大吉昌。

坤卦卦象：由于阴之成形莫大于地，所以坤卦的卦象首先代表地。因为母亲是慈祥而温柔的，母牛是温顺而任劳任怨的，布是柔软的，大众的本性是顺从，所以坤卦也象征母亲、母牛、布、众等等。自然、温顺、阴柔、顺从便是坤卦的卦德了。

02. 坤为地(䷁)-高岛易断

《 坤》卦三偶六断，纯阴虚阙之象。“坤”字古文巛，顺字偏旁及川字，亦巛之象形也，故《象传》曰“及顺承天”，又曰“柔顺利贞”。《文言传》曰：“坤道其顺乎？”《系辞传》曰：“夫坤，天下之至顺也。”皆可见“坤”顺之义。后以其混山川之川，改从土从申，言坤地也。地土也，于方为申也。地之为体，安静而至柔至顺，以承乾也。《说卦传》曰，“坤为柔”，《杂卦传》曰：“乾刚坤柔”，柔顺之义可知矣。

坤：元享，利牝马之贞。君子有攸往，先迷后得主，利西南得朋，东北丧朋。安贞吉。

坤者乾之对，万物之气始于天，万物之形生于地。其为义也，在人为卑，在物为雌，在事为静，在学为能，在时为秋。其为道也，可为人用而不可自用，小人自知其柔弱，而能顺从刚明之君子，则得矣。然《易》象变动，亦未可执一而论，非谓君父不得占《坤》，臣子不得占《乾》也，又非谓《乾》六爻无小人，《坤》六爻无君子也。但君子筮得此卦，则当知其气运在坤，要法坤顺之义，柔顺以处事也。

▲　古文“坤”字

坤为地，顺承太阳之乾。天有象，地有形，天虚地实，地为土壤积累而成，仰承天施而化成万物，无所不持载也。在人则为臣为妻，臣之事君，母之育子，妻之随夫，皆法地道之至顺，其义一也。坤之德，柔而顺，含弘光大，笃实厚重，即《中庸》所谓“宽裕温柔，足以有容”之大德也。

此卦六画皆偶，顺之象；内外重偶，厚之象；内虚，中之象，又含之象，又通之象；两两相比，行之象，又明之象；彬彬均适，文之象，又美之象；六偶，十二方之象，又大之象；秩序不紊，理之象；左右分布，体之象，又业之象。爻辞及《文言传》所述，皆依是等之象而 系辞也。

▲　八卦方位图

元亨利贞之义，见《乾》卦下。惟乾者形而上，主天地之道； 坤者形而下，主阴阳之功，是乾坤之别也。《坤》之“元亨”，即《乾》之“元亨”，犹月之得日光而有光也。马之性，柔顺而能服于人，牝马者，性尤柔顺。北地马群，每以十牝一牡而行，不入他群，“牝马之贞”，取象于此。然《乾》卦曰龙，《坤》卦曰马，以龙飞天上，变化自在，马行地上，驯服于人。牝对牡，为柔，故曰“利牝马之贞”。乾上坤下，即乾先坤后，坤先夫乾，是逆天也，必所往皆迷；坤从乾后，乃“顺承天”，斯“得主有常”，无往不利矣。是即阳倡阴和，阳施阴受之道。“攸往”者，谓有所行也。坤以得乾为主，君子以得君为主，君先臣后，从令而行，是以所往咸宜。“西南”阴方，属巽离兑，坤之本方；“东北”阳方，属坎艮震，为乾之本方。“西南得朋，《坤》以阴卦之方；“东北丧朋”，《坤》以阴卦往东北阳卦之方。以阴往阴，则与阴之类，以阴往阳，则从阳有庆。是以《彖传》曰“西南得朋乃与类行；东北丧朋，乃终有庆”也。“安贞”者，安于坤顺，以配乾健，故“君子有攸往”，惟法坤之顺而己矣。

一说读“主利”为句，谓在家则生殖勤俭以致富，在国则利用厚生以富国，不知当以孔子《文言》为据，利字属下二句读。“得朋”“丧朋”，正与上得主相对。

《彖传》曰：至哉坤元，万物资生，乃顺承天。坤厚载物，德合无疆。含弘光大，品物咸亨。牝马地类，行地无疆，柔顺利贞。君子攸行，先迷失道，后顺得常。西南得朋，乃与类行；东北丧朋，乃终有庆。安贞之吉，应地无疆。

乾元坤元，皆根于太极之一元，无二元也。坤以承乾，故 坤亦称元。乾元在阳，故曰“大”；坤元属阴，故不曰大而曰“至”。“至”者，谓既到极尽处，阳之极尽处为阴，阴即坤，故曰“至哉”。

坤舆随太阳而圆转活动，外面以水为衣，受太阳之光热，而蒸发水气，雨露下降，而为资生之功，谓之阴阳之作用。阴阳者，天地之大气，而万物皆乘此二气以生成也。《系辞传》曰：“天地絪缊，万物化醇，男女媾精，万物化生”者，即是也。盖乾元之大气，与坤元之精气相交，万物森然而兴发，生育之功，无所不至，谓之“至哉坤元，万物资生，乃顺承天”。乾为天之积气，其德在始施也；坤承天之气而为体，其德在受育也。资生之“生”，与《乾》之《象传》“始”字相对，不可轻看。此卦上下皆《坤》，有重厚之象，故载山岳而不重，振河海而不泄，应天之施无疆，以生成万物，无不包容，无不发育，谓之“坤厚载物，德合无疆，含弘光大，品物咸亨”。按地精为马，马变阴类，牝马则阴而又阴，以其性柔顺，而又能行远，故曰“行地无疆”。法坤之君子，所行正当如是。“牝马”一言，圣人怀有深意，读《易》者，所宜留心玩索。盖此卦纯阴，阴主成，以得乾为主，宜从乾而动，为人臣为人妻者，因不可争先而成事也。故君子筮得此卦，其行事宜安静，不宜躁进，若先事而动，必取败也。夫阴，暗也，昧也，不宜主事也，必以从阳为主。此卦皆阴，故先人而当事，必迷而多误可知；承阳而后人，则顺而得常，故谓之“先迷失道，后顺得常”。西南退也，东北进也，且西南阴位，东北阳位，坤之时，退西南则得朋，进东北则丧朋。然人多喜其得朋则往西南，不知以阴而往阴位，不啻无一毫之益，见柔益柔而暗益暗矣。虽往东北而曰丧朋，以我之暗，往求高明之地，以为补救，则暗往明来，其道顺而得益多，故谓之“西南得朋，乃与类行；东北丧朋，乃终有庆”。如此而安其本分，确乎常道，故谓之“安贞之吉”。盖贞之为德，有所守而不变，以全万物之终，故谓之“安贞之吉，应地无疆”也。

按：《易》因“三天两地”之数，设天地之位，定刚柔之位。即“天一，地二，天三，地四，天五，地六”，而阴阳悉交也。六十四卦中，得定位之整正者，独有《水火既济》而已。凡《易》中所言，当位不当位者，皆因此理也；天下大小之事，其合道理，或不合道理，皆由是而出者也。又地中有天者，以二与四谓之两地，以一与五谓之两天，三谓之地中之天，总谓之三天。上爻一阴，表地球之外犹有世界也。此“三天两地”之位，于《易》最为枢要，故天位有地，地位有天，皆谓之不当位。《易》之于时处位，其精密如此。

通观此卦，初爻阴之微也，小人汲汲于营利，不顾灾害，有陷入匪僻之象，履霜坚冰，戒之深矣。二爻得《 坤》之纯体，卦中惟这一爻最纯粹，然第曰“无不利”，与《乾》之九五，得天位行天道而致太平之占者迥别。三则不中，且不正，是赏罚不明之时也。四则不中，以致君子缄默避祸。五则不正，以致尊卑失序。上六则群阴爻战，有以血洗血之象，阴之极也。要之，《坤》者纯阴之卦也，故六爻概以小人言之，与《乾》之君子相对也。以其小人故，《彖》辞曰“主利”，上爻曰“战”。以“履霜”戒其始，以“永贞”慎其终，虽或取象于君子，与乾之君子，自异其趣。乾之君子贤者也，坤之君子能者也，贤者用人，能者用于人；贤者在位，能者在职者是也。盖乾之时，贤者在位而施德化，坤之时，能者在职而计利益也。

《大象》曰：地势坤，君子以厚德载物。

《坤》之为象，两《坤》相重，一下一上，如地形之高下相仍。天似气运，故《乾》曰“天行”，地以形载，故《坤》曰“地势”。盖地有高低，而丘陵山岳之起伏，由地中火气之作用也。地球原来以水为衣，故其低处潴而为海，《易》谓之泽，其四面所缠之水，为太阳所吸引。至地形见于水上，虽地之形势，互有高低，各随其形而延出者也。延者伸也，故曰“地势坤”。夫人之有智愚贤不肖，犹地形之有高低，地质之有肥脊也。农夫不为脊土废其耕作，君子不为愚不肖止其教育，教之以事物之所以然，导之以道义之所以贵，以示社会之标准。然人性有上智，有中材，有下愚，上智修已以及人，中材自修而已，下愚不能自修，而待治于人。凡天地间有形之物，莫厚于地，莫不载于地，故君子法 坤之象，以厚德而待人，无智愚贤不肖，悉受包容，亦犹坤之无不持载，故谓之“厚德载物”也。

【占】　问战征： 坤为地，为众，“势”者有力之称。在行军，既得其地，复得其势，又得其众，宜乎攻无不克矣。

○　问功名：上者能法坤德之厚，积厚流光，自得声名显远。

○　问营商：《坤》为富，为财，为积，为聚，皆营商吉兆也。曰“厚德载物”，德者得也，可必得满载而归也。

○　问家宅：知此宅胜占地势，大吉。

○　问婚嫁：《坤》顺也，柔顺而已，地道也，即妇道也。大吉。

○　问六甲：生女。

Judgment

Legge: The Magnetic means success through the docility of a mare. If the superior man takes the initiative, he goes astray, but if he follows, he finds his proper lord. It is advantageous to find one's friends in the southwest, and to lose them in the northeast. Through a passively firm correctness, there will be good fortune.

Wilhelm/Baynes: The Receptive brings about sublime success, furthering through the perseverance of a mare. If the superior man undertakes something and tries to lead, he goes astray; but if he follows, he finds guidance. It is favorable to find friends in the west and south, to forgo friends in the east and north. Quiet perseverance brings good fortune.

Blofeld: The Passive Principle. Sublime success! Its omen is a mare, symbolizing advantage. The Superior Man has an objective and sets forth to gain it. At first he goes astray, but later finds his bearings. It is advantageous to gain friends in the west and the south, but friends in the east and the north will be lost to us. Peaceful and righteous persistence brings good fortune.

Liu: The Receptive: great success. Benefiting from the quality of a mare -perseverance. The superior man has an undertaking; in the beginning he will go astray, but later will receive guidance. He can find a friend in the southwest and lose friends in the northeast. Peacefulness and continuance. Good fortune.

Ritsema/Karcher: Field: Spring Growing Harvesting, female horse's Trial. A chun tzu possesses directed going. Beforehand delusion, afterwards acquiring. A lord Harvesting. Western South: acquiring partnering. Eastern

North: losing partnering. Quiet Trial significant. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of the primal structuring power confronted with many forces and obstacles. It emphasizes that giving way in order to serve and yield results, the action of Field, is the adequate way to handle it. To be in accord with the time, you are told to yield!]

Shaughnessy: The Flow: Prime receipt; beneficial for the determination of a mare; the gentleman has someplace to go, is first lost but later gains his ruler; beneficial to the southwest to gain a friend, to the northeast to lose a friend; contented determination is auspicious.

Cleary(1): With earth, creativity and development are achieved in the faithfulness of the female horse. The superior person has somewhere to go. Taking the lead, one goes astray; following, one finds the master. It is beneficial to gain companionship in the southwest and lose companionship in the northeast. Stability in rectitude is good.

Cleary(2): The creative is successful. It is beneficial to be correct like a mare. People with developmental potential have a goal; if they go ahead before this, they will get lost. If they follow, they get the benefit of the director. Companionship is found in the southwest; companionship is lost in the northeast. Stability and correctness bode well.

Wu: The Bearer is primordial, pervasive, prosperous, and has the perseverance of a mare. When the jun zi is going to undertake a task, he will lose his direction if he leads, and he will find guidance if he follows. This will be advantageous. If he goes south or west, he will win friends; if he goes north or east, he will lose them. If he can be content and single-hearted, he will have good fortune.

The Image

Legge: The capacity and sustaining power of the Earth is shown in The Magnetic. The superior man supports men and things with his large virtue.

Wilhelm/Baynes: The earth's condition is receptive devotion. Thus the superior man who has breadth of character carries the outer world.

Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes the passivity of the terrestrial forces. The Superior Man displays the highest virtue by embracing all things.

Liu: The earth's condition is that of the Receptive. The superior man has the greatness of character to bear with everything in the world.

Ritsema/Karcher: Earth potency: Field. A chun tzu uses munificent actualizing-tao to carry the beings. [Actualize-tao: ...ability to follow the course traced by the ongoing process of the cosmos... Linked with acquire,

TE: acquiring that which makes a being become what it is meant to be.]

Cleary(1): The configuration of earth is receptive; superior people support others with warmth.

Cleary(2): The attitude of earth is receptivity. Thus do leaders support people with rich virtue.

Wu: The Bearer symbolizes the physical features and resources of the earth. Thus the jun zi uses his immense virtue to bear his responsibilities.

COMMENTARY

Confucius/Legge: All things owe their birth to the great originating capacity of

The Magnetic -- it obediently receives the influences of Heaven. Its largeness contains and supports all things, and its capacity matches the unlimited power of The Dynamic. Its comprehension is wide, its brilliance great, and through it all things are fully developed. The mare is a creature of the earth, with a limitless power to traverse the land. She is mild and docile, with stamina and capacity for work. Such is the path of the superior man. If he takes the initiative, he loses his way; if he follows, he finds it again. In the southwest he will walk with his own kind. To lose friends in the northeast means he is well rid of them. The passively firm correctness of the superior man imitates the unlimited capacity of the earth.

Legge: The same attributes are ascribed to The Magnetic as in the former

hexagram to The Dynamic -- but with a difference: The Dynamic originates, The Magnetic produces, or gives birth to what has been originated. This figure, made of six divided lines, symbolizes the idea of subordination and docility. The superior man described here must not take the initiative, and by following he will find his lord – the subject of The Dynamic. The firm correctness is analogous

to a mare -- docile and strong, but a creature for the service of man. That it is not the sex of the animal which is paramount is plain from the mention of the superior man and his lord. The superior man will bring his friends with him to serve the ruler. The southwest is the direction proper for The Magnetic. The northeast is the

direction proper for the trigram of the Mountain -- hence a direction of obstruction and impasse, the opposite of magnetic receptivity. Thus the injunction to seek friends who are receptive, and shun those who are recalcitrant. Concerning The Image, Lin Hsi-yuan says: "The superior man, in his single person sustains the burden of all under the sky. The common people depend on him for their rest and enjoyment. Birds and beasts and creeping things, and the tribes of the vegetable kingdom, depend on him for the fulfillment of their destined being. If he be of a narrow mind and cold virtue, how can he help them? Their hope in him would be in vain."

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES

Judgment: The ego bears the burden of the Work. Success is found in compliance with the will of the Self. The Superior Man supports the Work through its many transformations.

In terms of the symbolism of the Work, the second hexagram clearly shows the proper role of the ego as one of receptivity to the will of the Self. The sexual, male-female metaphor must be interpreted as one of polarity. The ego, inhabiting a physical body, is the psychological link which connects the material dimension of spacetime with the world of thought where the Self resides. To be receptive to the influence of the Self is to allow its energy to work through the ego-body to attain its purpose. This earth-like receptivity is seen as a feminine quality, as the Heavenly dynamic force emanating from the Self is seen as masculine. Earth means the body in spacetime, and Heaven means the realm of

thought transcending spacetime -- the Pleroma of the gnostics which Jung referred to as the Collective Unconscious. The concept is also found in the Kabbalah:

I am the Door of Life,

The passage from the world of ideas Into the world of form...

Now, as Daleth [the Door],

I present myself as the Portal

Through which life, Eternal and Unbounded, Entereth the realm of temporal and limited creation...

I am the fruitful womb Whence all creatures have their birth.

P.F. Case -- The Book of Tokens The message in the Judgment clearly indicates the ego's proper role – "If the superior man takes the initiative, he goes astray." This is supplemented by the image of a docile mare which uncomplainingly bears its load. Indeed, during certain phases of the Work it becomes painfully obvious that the ego really is just a beast of burden. The Self is beyond our full comprehension, and at times

it uses us as if we were an expendable tool -- which, to a certain extent, we are. Only by realizing that our existence in spacetime consists mostly of illusions and that the Self is the only real thing in our lives, can we come to accept the Work as the duty we were created to perform.

SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION

Compare the ego-Self relationship in hexagrams one and two with that in hexagrams seven and eight.

“坤六断”，即坤代表的是上、中、下三爻皆为阴爻的象意，是全阴之卦。故其正象为地，其与乾卦相应，天场对地场起作用而生物，天为阳气，地为阴器（乾为有气无形，坤为有形无气）。天为气之父，地为物之母；天主动、地从之。坤卦德柔顺。表示坤受乾德（即天场）的影响。顾从大自然的规律性，而产生万物。因其质柔，故才能有吸收一切能量的特性。如果说“乾”有放射特性的话，则坤就是有吸收特性。

坤为方正：乾圆坤方。

坤为虚空：乾为有气无形之虚，坤为有形无气之虚。

坤为安静：乾为动，坤为静。

坤为厚重：“厚德载物”，温柔敦厚。

坤为承载：大地承载万物于其上。

坤为后方：相对于乾卦而言，乾卦为先，坤卦为后；给予者为先，承受者为后。

坤为滋育：大地滋育，长养万物。“万物皆致养焉。”

坤为廉让：坤为众顺，故必谦。

坤为柔和：坤为柔，土生万物，万物归土，故柔和。

坤为包容：大地长养万物，包容万物。

坤为有终：乾始坤终。万物之所归为有终。

坤为常态：顺从、稳定故常。

坤为迷盲：“君子有攸往，先迷后得生”。

坤为贞节：服从自然规律，贞静自守。

坤为操劳：坤生万物，故操劳。

坤为低下：天尊地卑，尊而高尚，卑而低下。

坤为狭小：天阔地狭，乾大坤小。

坤为消极：地被动而顺从。

坤为众多：大地万物之母，土粒甚多。

坤为晦暗：地阴而暗，天阳而明。

坤为闭藏：万物归藏于士。

坤为卑贱：天尊地卑。

坤为胆怯：顺从谨慎，胆怯畏惧。

坤为丑陋：乾明美，地杂暗而丑。

坤为灾害：“坚冰至”、“括囊无咎、慎不害也。”

坤为迟钝：坤被动而行，厚载而迟缓。

其他象意：元亨利贞、谨慎、敬重、养育、正直、呼应、勤劳、忍耐、复杂、吝啬、优柔寡断、纷乱、穷途、沉默、收心、懦弱、迟缓、依赖、懒惰、躺卧、平坦、隐藏、内含、恭敝、贫贱、狭少、虚耗、衰微、伏藏、疑惑。坤为姓氏，为鬼魂，为形状，为身命，为自我，为到达，为安康，为财富，为积聚，为荟萃，为沉重，为致用，为近处（乾远坤近），为道理，为体，为礼义，为事业，为庶政，为民俗，为度量，为分类，为密闭，为隐藏，为静默，为耻辱，为欲望，为过错，为积恶，为混乱，为怨恨，为祸害，为死丧，为幽冥，为夕暮，为夜晚，为暑期，为年（同乾卦），为十年，为家户，为阖户（阖户谓之坤，辟户谓之乾），为闭关，为恶逆，为志向，为忧思，为疾病，为阴风。

从人物类象而言：坤主众也，顺也，故能描述一般群众及和顺人、无实权的人、群众关系好性格老实的人，与土地纺织有关的人、服从命令的臣民、长辈的女人等之类。皇后、妃、臣、国民、群众、顾问、农民、俗人、村干部、助手、税物人员、凡人、祖母、母亲、后母、毒、女主人，寡妇、阴气盛之人、消极者、小气者、忠厚之人、大腹之人．纺织工人、房地产商、胆怯者、泥瓦工。

从身体类象而言：腹部、消化器官（脾、胃）、肉、右肩。

从动物类象而言：牛（为黄牛、为母牛、为犀牛）、母马、百禽（鸥、鸦、鸽等）、百兽雌性动物、地下虫类（蛇、蚯蚓）、猫科动物（老虎、云豹）等、夜间行动的动物（猫头鹰）、子母牛、蜈蚣之类的节肢动物。

从器物类象而言：柔软之物、连根错节的茅草、平常之物、四角之物（方形、长方形、棱形等）、混合物、布帛制品、妇女用品、衣服被褥、日用品、釜、陶瓦制品（瓦罐）、石灰水泥、砖、沙器、大米、五谷杂粮、面粉、毒品（白粉）、牛肉、肉类、“下水”、野味、饴糖、袋子、箱包、文章、书刊杂志、广告单页、火车、公交车或货车（大车）、纸箱、轿子、桨、腐草、柄杷；使用旧了的物品、旧货、公共用品、各种器皿、覆盖用具、复杂物、阴暗的、附属物、平整的、黄色的、粉状的、虚空的、厚的、扔掉的、隐伏的、潜在的。

从场所类象而言：城市居民点、国邦、疆域（界）、分界线、田土、平原、平地、农村、牧场、庄稼地、郊外、故乡、老家（原藉）、田野、空地、广场操场、平房、旧房屋、废墟、断墙、农舍、台阶、地窖、粮库、贮藏室、会场、农贸市场、市场、城廊、肉类加工厂、鸡窝猪舍兔笼等、江淮河海、深渊。

从天象类象而言：阴天、阴云、雾气、露、低气压、湿度天气、阴晦之月、地球。

从时间类象而言：辰戌丑未（四季土）、未申年月日时立秋、夏秋之交（阴历八月前后）；下午一时至下午五时，共四小时；每月三十日（阴历）。

从方位类象而言：南方（后天八卦），正北（先天八卦）。

从数字类象而言：0（坤为虚为0）、八（先天数字）、二（后天数字）、五（五行数字）、十（五行数字）、万。

从干支类象而言：十干为已，十二支为未、申，五行为土，纳甲为乙、癸。

从味道类象而言：甜。

从色彩类象而言：黄。

从疾病类象而言：腹都疾病（胃肠及消化不良、腹痛）、饮食停滞、浮肿、湿重、皮肤病（湿疹）、肌肤病（疮）、晕症、劳累疲乏、慢性病、中气虚、癌病。