Hexagram 52 · 艮为山

艮卦原文
艮。艮其背，不获其身。行其庭，不见其人。无咎。

象曰：兼山，艮。君子以思不出其位。

白话文解释
艮卦：卸掉责任，挂笏隐退，朝列之中已看不到他的身影，在他的庭院中寻找，也没有找到。其人远走高飞，自无灾祸。
《象辞》说：本卦为两艮卦相重，艮为山，可见艮卦的卦象是高山重立，渊深稳重。君子观此卦象，以此为戒，谋不踰位，明哲保身。
《断易天机》解
艮卦艮上艮下，为艮宫本位卦。艮为停止的意思，为钱财散失之象，需谨慎提防。

北宋易学家邵雍解
停留阻止，无可再进；随份勿贪，不可强求。
得此卦者，前路受阻，不宜妄进，宜守待机。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：运势平平，不宜妄进。
财运：守好本业，不可贪财。
家宅：不宜改造；命由前定。
身体：带病延年。

传统解卦
这个卦是同卦（下艮上艮）相叠。艮为山，二山相重，喻静止。它和震卦相反。高潮过后，必然出现低潮，进入事物的相对静止阶段。静止如山，宜止则止，宜行则行。行止即动和静，都不可失机，应恰到好处，动静得宜，适可而止。
大象：两重高山并峙，故宜止不宜进，阻塞之象。
运势：凡事不宜妄动，前路受阻，只好待机而动。
事业：在经过一段发展后，应进行调整，暂时停止行动，总结经验教训。不可因贪名利而妄进。自我克制，自我约束，谨言慎行，不要盲目追求他人。经过休整后，在适当时机到来时，再大显身手。
经商：进入停滞不前的状态，切勿盲目冒进，而宜适时停止，进入安静退守，不要受外界干扰，尤其是应该保持内心和理智上的宁静，更不要轻易与他人合作。等待时机，必有光明前途。
求名：应保持纯正的目的，静守正道。勿为功名诱惑，秉守忠厚，可得成功。
婚恋：重感情，彼此以诚相待，可白头到老。
决策：性格沉静、内向，不喜好活动，也不善于交际，为人忠诚老实，讲信义。注意听取他人的建议，明哲保身。机遇不到，不宜积极活动，该止则止，勿抱不切实际的想法。

第五十二卦的哲学含义

艮卦卦象，艮为山卦的象征意义
艮为山，《易经》中艮卦的符号为“”。八卦中艮卦的符号的产生，是古人观察到山是由一块一块的石头组成的，故用两个阴性符号“二二”，以象征高山上的大小不等的石块。再由低到高，最上层是起伏不平的山顶线，用一个阳性符号“一”画出，于是形成了象征山的符号艮。
“艮”的卦形为一阳居于二阴之上，犹如山之顶为阳，其下蕴藏阴质。由于山总是静止不动的，所以“艮”的性质为“止”，其所代表的象意包括：禁止、阻滞、静止、界限、沉着、冷静、更替、固执、主观、重新开始、标准、独立、转变、讼狱、笃实、消亡、叮咛、等待、厚重等。
艮卦所启示的道理是动静适时，属于中下卦，《象》中这样来断此卦：财帛常打心头走，可惜眼前难到手，不如意时且忍耐，逢着闲事休开口。

52　高岛易断- 艮为山(䷳)
《艮》二阴一阳，得地之体，以《 坤》之上画，变而成《乾》，故得《乾》》最上之一阳。乾为天，天本动也，天之最上一爻，为动极而静，故为止。一阳高踞于《坤》地之上，故象山。卦与《震》反，《震》一阳内起，《艮》一阳外塞，起于内则动，塞于外则止。《序卦传》曰：“震者，动也。物不可以终动，止之，故受之以艮。艮者，止也。”此《艮》之所以继《震》也。
艮：艮其背，不获其身，行其庭，不见其人。无咎。
《艮》之卦一奇巍然居上，二偶分列在下。一奇居上，象人道，二偶分列，象人身。凡人自首以下，前面眉目手足，皆二偶，惟背脊直下成奇，故眉目手足皆动，惟背不动，不动为《艮》，《艮》止也，故曰“艮其背”。夫人必面相对，乃为相见，“艮其背”，则相背而不相见，背在后，身在前，故曰“不获其身”。《艮》为门庭，心相背，行亦相背，相背则不相遇，不相遇，必不相见，故曰“行其庭，不见其人”。义皆取诸背也。
《彖传》曰：艮，止也。时止则止，时行则行，动静不失其时，其道光明。艮其止，止其所也。上下敌应，不相与也。是以不获其身，行其庭，不见其人。无咎也。
此卦上下皆山，有两山并峙之象。两山并峙，不相往来，此止之象也。人但见静为止而动为行，不知静有静之止，动亦有动之止，止为止，而行亦为止。“所”者，止之有定者也，“时”者；止之无定者也；止得其时，时即止之所，无定而实有定也。《艮》三上之阳，即《乾》三上之阳，《乾》三曰“与时偕行”，《乾》上曰“与时偕极”。静翕动辟，其时本亘古不失也，天之时不失，即天之止得其所，是故可以止，可以行，可以动，可以静，无纤芥之翳，而为光明之宗也。人能止乎其所，则以人合天，其心体自然光明，而无有障蔽矣。是即《大学》“明德”之旨。由知止，历定静，以至能虑而得，自能与时消息。以“明明德”之体，发而为“明明德”之用，固非释氏“虚无寂灭”之教所得假托哉。“上下敌应，不相与”者，凡应必一刚一柔，若俱刚俱柔，则为“敌应”，“敌应”即为无应。八纯之卦，爻皆不应，而独于《艮》言之，以《艮》兼山，止于所止，屼然对峙，两不相交，得止之义焉。按《音会》，“身北曰背”，背者为耳目所不载，故内不见身，外不见人，是以“不获其身，行其庭，不见其人”也。以其不相与而止，止无咎也。
以此卦拟人事，《 彖传》曰“背”，曰“身”，曰“见”，皆取象于人身上，曰“行”，曰“止”，曰“动”，曰“静”，则不外夫人事也。人事有由动入静者，有由静入动者：由静而动者，《震》也，《震》二阴在上，一阳发于下，阳动也；由动而静者，《艮》也，《艮》二阴在下，一阳踞于上，阳止也。阳止者静而无静，动而无动，亦非无静也，非无动也，时而动，时而静，可以止则止，可以行则行，是以动静贵“不失其时”也。若老氏言玄，释氏言无，皆以静制动，遁入枯槁断灭，其道必幽昧而不明，此以阴止阳，止其所止，非《艮》之所为止也。《艮》之所止，审乎其时，得乎其所，是以阳止阴也。《艮》上一划为《乾》，《乾》为明，三至上为《离》象，《离》为光，故曰“其道光明”。卦爻上下不相应，故“不相与”，不相与则无所牵动，视若不视，闻若不闻。人能不闻不视，天下事皆无思无虑，是以得乎背，不复获其身，行在我，不复见其人。以此而处人事，人事复有何咎哉！
以此卦拟国家，“艮，止也”，所以止暴而定乱也。《艮》二阴伏下，有潜谋不轨之意，一阳在上制之，使二阴不得潜动，是以为止。“背”者，为不见之物，“艮其背”，是止之于未见之时，为能于乱之未萌而先防之也。故止之用在得夫时，止之象则取诸身。人身为阳气之会，背则为阴，阴则暗昧，阳则光明，以阳止阴，为止得其所，故“其道光明。”圣天子当阳出治，而群阴退伏，止而不动，皆潜移默化于光天之下，此其象也。六爻以初应四，二应五，三应六，往往上动下应，下动上应，互相牵与，惟八纯上下一体，故不相应。《艮》曰“兼山”，山有前有后，犹人有身有背，山在前不能见后，人于身不能见背，是两不相与也。故曰“不获其身，行其庭，不见其人”，是以无咎也。
通观此卦，按《说文》，艮本字
，艮，很也，从匕目，匕目犹目相上，不相下。匕目为
，狠戾不进之意。《六书本义》：
也，从匕，取两目相比并也。《艮》《 彖传》曰，“艮，止也”，即狠戾不进之谓。“不见其人”，即目相上不相下之象，《 艮》为山并立，即取象两目比并也。总之，一动一静，为天地自然之橐仑，一行一止，为人身有定之枢机。卦体一阳止于二阴之上，外实内虚，阴虚居内，阳实揜外，如人北向背立，还视内听，是以“其道光明”。卦位《艮》《震》相因，《震》因《艮》止，《艮》因《震》动，天下无动不止，无止不动，止而动，故《震》先夫《艮》，动而止，故《艮》继夫《震》也。六爻之象，皆取诸身。初为“趾”；二为“腓”，腓足肚，在后也。三“夤”，脊膂也；四“身”，不言心，心在前也，不言背，夤即背也；五“辅”，不见面，见其旁辅也；六在卦外，不言所止，而曰“敦艮”，象山之加高也。其爻象，内三爻不如外三爻之吉。二曰“不快”，三曰“薰心”，惟初尚得其利；四曰“无咎”，五曰“悔亡”，六曰“厚终”，故《艮》外多吉。天下事终而能止，未有不善者也，所贵止之得其时也。
《大象》曰：兼山，艮。君子以思不出其位。
卦象一山之外，又有一山，两山相对，其势相连，有兼并之义，谓之兼山。凡八纯卦，皆上下一体，互相联络，惟《艮》则上下两山，各止其所，不相往来，此所以为《艮》止也。君子法《艮》之象，《艮》以山为止之所，人以位为止之所，思之思之，不敢或出焉。此即《中庸》所谓“素其位而行，不愿乎其外”也。
【占】　问时运：时运平平，宜退守，不宜妄动。
○　问战征：宜各守疆界，不得驰域外之想。
○　问营商：宜确守本业，不得贪意外之财。
○　问功名：宜守旧，毋干幸进。
○　问家宅：此宅地位虽狭，不可妄行改造。
○　问婚姻：命由前定，不可贪富嫌贫。
○　问讼事：不可以曲作直。
○　问失物：当在原处寻之，可得。
○　问疾病：止者终也，带病延年而已。
○　问六甲：生女。

Judgment
Legge: When his repose is like the back, and he loses all consciousness of self; when he walks in his courtyard and does not see the people, there will be no error.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Keeping Still. Keeping his back still so that he no longer feels his body. He goes into his courtyard and does not see his people. No blame.
Blofeld: Keeping the back so still as to seem virtually bodiless, or walking in the courtyard without noticing the people there involves no error!
Liu: Stillness. Keeping the back still -- one feels that the body no longer exists. Even when one walks in the courtyard, one sees no people. No blame.
Ritsema/Karcher: Bound: one's back. Not catching one's individuality. Moving one's chambers. Not visualizing one's people. Without fault. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of confronting a boundary or obstacle. It emphasizes that stopping and acknowledging the limit, the action of Bound, is the adequate way to handle it. To be in accord with the time, you are told to stop!]
Shaughnessy: Stilling his back, but not stilling his body: Walking into his courtyard, but not seeing his person; there is no trouble.
Cleary (1): Stopping at the back, one does not have a body; walking in the garden, one does not see a person. No fault.
Cleary (2): Stilling the back, one does not find the body, etc.
Wu: Stoppage indicates that, resting on his back, he does not find his body and walking in his courtyard, he does not see any person. Faultless.

The Image
Legge: The image of one mountain atop another forms Keeping Still. The superior man, in accordance with this, does not allow his thoughts to go beyond the duties of his immediate circumstances.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Mountains standing close together: the image of Keeping Still.. Thus the superior man does not permit his thoughts to go beyond his situation.
Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes two mountains conjoined. The Superior Man takes thought in order to avoid having to move from his position.
Liu: Mountain next to mountain symbolizes stillness. The superior man's thoughts do not go beyond his position.
Ritsema/Karcher: Joined mountains. Bound. A chun tzu uses pondering not to issueforth-from one's situation.
Cleary (1): Joining mountains. Thus do superior people think without leaving their place.
Cleary (2): The mountains are still. Thus the thoughts of developed people are not out of place.
Wu: One mountain overlapping another makes Stoppage. Thus the jun zi does not contemplate things beyond his position. [Confucius said: “If you do not hold an office, do not give counsels on its administration.” What he meant is: not to volunteer counsels freely. On the other hand, if you are requested, then give the best you can.]
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: Keeping Still means stopping: One rests when it is time to rest, and acts when it is time to act. When action and rest occur at the proper times, one's behavior is enlightened. Keeping his back still, he rests in his proper place. The upper and lower lines of the hexagram all mirror each other, but are without any interaction: Hence it is said that he has no consciousness of [ego]. He does not see the persons in his courtyard, and there will be no error.
Legge: Two trigrams symbolizing Mountain make up the hexagram of Keeping Still. Mountains rise up grandly from the surface of the earth, their huge masses resting on it in quiet and solemn majesty. They are barriers to the onward progress of the traveler. The attributes of this hexagram are both resting and arresting. It denotes the characteristic of
resting in what is right in principle, right on the widest possible scale -- in the absolute conception of the mind and in every possible position in which a man can be placed. As in hexagram number thirty-one, Initiative, the symbolism is taken from the different parts of the human body.

According to the K'ang-hsi editors, the second sentence in the Image should be translated: "The superior man, in consequence with this, thinks anxiously how he shall not go beyond the duties of his position."
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Judgment: "Wipe out imagination: check desire: extinguish appetite: keep the ruling
faculty in its own power.” -- Marcus Aurelius The Superior Man eliminates all distraction and concentrates on the matter at hand. A large portion of the Work consists of nothing more than the will to keep still. Anyone who has ever tried it can attest that Keeping Still, or doing “nothing,” is probably the most difficult thing that a human can be asked to do. We are an ever-flowing
fountain of restless desire -- the senses are mindlessly programmed to encounter their objects, and when we prevent them from doing this, a great commotion occurs in the psyche. We are so accustomed to feeling our desires, drives, instincts and appetites as integral to our awareness, that we are seldom conscious of the fact that they are actually
autonomous forces -- as separate from the ego, or choice-making complex, as we are from other people, creatures or objects in the physical world. Try controlling an ingrained habit, such as smoking, and observe how difficult it is to impose your will upon it. Who controls whom? The power of sight does not come from the eye, the power to hear does not come from the ear, nor the power to feel from the nerves; but it is the spirit of man that sees through the eye, and hears with the ear, and feels by means of the nerves. Wisdom and reason and thought are not contained in the brain, but they belong to the invisible and universal spirit which feels through the heart and thinks by means of the brain. All these powers are contained in the invisible universe, and become manifest through material organs, and the material organs are their representatives, and modify their mode of manifestation according to their material construction, because a perfect manifestation of power can only take place in a perfectly constructed organ, and if the organ is faulty, the manifestation will be imperfect, but not the original power defective.
Paracelsus -- De Viribus Membrorum
The ego has only one legitimate function -- to make choices: it is the switchboard in the psyche which directs where the energy of the instinctual powers shall go. If these autonomous forces are stronger than the will of the ego, they soon learn to get their way as often as possible. The main difference between an inferior and a superior man is that the latter has learned to control and direct his energies for a higher purpose. One of the best ways to acquire this ability is to learn the lessons inherent within Keeping Still. Psychoanalysis has demonstrated that the power of these images and complexes lies chiefly in the fact that we are unconscious of them, that we do not recognize them as such. When they are unmasked, understood, and resolved into their

elements, they often cease to obsess us; in any case we are then much better able to defend ourselves against them.
Roberto Assagioli -- Psychosynthesis The lines of the upper and lower trigrams are mirror images of each other, yet not one of them has a proper correlate: they don't connect with each other. This suggests the separation of the senses from their objects. For example, eyeballs are sensory-receptors
designed for the perception of light and form -- close your eyes, and they are prevented from contacting the phenomena they were created to perceive. That the psychic entities attached to this desire to perceive phenomena might resist restriction is a foregone
conclusion, but the ego has control over the eyelids -- or should have. “Not seeing the people in one's own courtyard” means that one ignores one's autonomous impulses. Regulation of the psyche’s autonomous manifestations in accordance with the will of the Self is for the purpose of gaining a controlling influence over one’s karma. As stated herein many times, you, as ego, are nothing more than a tool created by the Self for the direction of its own destiny. Both karma theory and quantum mechanics refuse to accept that observers can exist independent of the systems they observe. Spiritual science goes so far as to take the observer’s own internal universe and its states as its experimental field. For it is within that field that karma is produced and stored …The “matter” from which we and our obstructions are created includes both the dense physical material from which our bodies are built and the thoughts, attitudes and emotions that make up our minds. Tantric practice is karmic engineering within this field of name and form, orchestration of substance and action into result. First you direct new causes against previous effects to nullify adverse influences on your awareness, then you unleash yet further actions to negate the influence of the nullifying actions. Robert Svoboda –Aghora III, The Law of Karma How any ego could tackle such responsibilities with any hope of progress is impossible to imagine without the direction of the Self. Keeping Still certainly has its own karmic consequences, but when the “not choosing” implied in this hexagram is done in accordance with the Self’s will and intent, the results slowly lead to ever higher levels of awareness – eventually into realms beyond the physical. That is what the Work is all about: any other choice is to lock ourselves into a continuous round of birth and death in physical manifestation. The Kabbalists teach that everything we do stirs up a corresponding energy in other realms of reality. Actions, words, or thoughts set up reverberations in the universe. The universe unfolds from moment to moment as a function of all the variables leading up to that moment. When we remain cognizant of this mystical system, we are careful about what we do, say, or even think, for we know that everything is interdependent; we know that a seemingly insignificant gesture could have weighty consequences. Rabbi David Cooper – God is a Verb

SUGGESTIONS FOR MEDITATION
Notice that every line of this hexagram except the last deals with an inherent challenge involved in the discipline required to keep still. Compare the lines in Keeping Still with similar lines in hexagram 31, Initiative.

“艮覆碗”，即艮卦所代表的一阳爻在上、二阴爻在下的卦象。阳少阴多，故阳小阴大，上小下大有山象。所以艮卦的正象为山。表示一种向下向右发展的趋势。同时也表示一个事物发展到顶点了，必须谨慎，否则就要向相反方向发展了。还有一层意恩，就是表示有阻碍，困难，因为上山是很艰苦的，费气力的。还能表示外实内虚的、上实下虚的事物。艮卦卦德为静止。因为山上小下大，是隐定的，还因为上到山顶了，再往前走就要走下坡路了。所以，必须停往脚步，观察分析好了，因势利导。

艮为终止：稳如泰山不可动。
艮为高度：山高势高，精神高尚。
艮为退缩：过高则退。
艮为拒绝：山高险阻，阻挡前进。
艮为防守：警卫安全，保守秘密。
艮为顽固：艮为山石，顽石之象。
艮为休整（住宿）：艮为终止，为收藏。
艮为孤立：一阳独立于二阴之上。
艮为鼓起：山象凸出，高耸而立。
艮为其他象意：贞固、安居、沉着、冷静、慎守、建设、改善、光明．变化、更替、隐蔽、困苦、阻碍、存在、抑止、主观、任性、顽固、阴滞、禁止、阻挡、不合、“分水岭”、界限、重新开始、静止、标准、独立、讼狱、笃实、消亡、叮咛。
艮为时（代），为丰（富），为星斗，为泡沫，为劈雷，为慎重，为节制，为等待（守候），为偏执，为厚实，为取舍，为要求，为笃实，为小木，为硕果，为尾巴，为火，为兽角，为尖嘴（硬），为负载，为寿，为贵，为邑（邦国），为贝克，为注视，为光明，为西北，为天（门），为刀剑，为枕头，为终日，谷物（或者山谷）。

从人物类象而言：艮表示青少年、儿童、有发展前途的人，有独立能力的人、山野僧尼仙道之人，与矿山建筑有关的人。少男、少年、儿童、小弟、官僚、贵族、继承人、亲戚、僧尼、指导者、独裁者、土建工作者、警卫、闲人、随从、朋友、矿工、石匠、守门员、门卫、主观主义者、训犬者、狱吏、犯人、畜财者、蓄储所人员、忠实者、孤独者、保守主义者、欲望强的人、法官、偏激者。具有弯腰的、逞能、与警觉有关的性质的。
从身体类象而言：颜面、胡须、鼻子、皮肤、乳房、上臂、后背、手背、手指、腿肚子、脚趾、脚背、关节、脾胃、左足、颧骨。
从动物类象而言：有牙、有角的动物（狐狸、狼豺虎豹、老鼠、狗、狗熊、老牛等百兽），尖嘴的飞禽（老鹰、秃鹫、喜鹊、小鸠鸟等），乌龟等（爬虫类、昆虫、家畜等）有尾或者有壳的动物。
从器物类象而言：岩石、门板、橙子、台阶、箱子、柜子、桌子、床、土坑、石碑、硬木、硬的果实、厨柜、柜台、磁器、石刻、石块、伞、钱袋、列车、金库、坟墓、土堆、山坡、座位、屏风、鞋、手套、发簪、墙壁．门坎、阶梯、墙壁、墙壁上的窗口。
从场所类象而言：山（假山）、丘陵、亭台楼榭（高台、城墙、围墙、宗庙、祠堂、城楼、阁楼、寺庙等）、休息室、堤坝、交叉点、境界、山路、小路、门闩（门庭）、小房屋、坟场、洞穴、监狱、公安局、派出所、贮藏室、仓库、大楼、银行、影壁、帐蓬、巢穴、矿山、采石场，具有坚硬的、不动的、静止的、高的、坐着的、向下发展的、上硬下软的、石造的、坚固的、顽固的、附身的、变化的、相反的。
从天象类象而言：雾、岚、有云无雨、多云转阴，气候转折点。
从时间类象而言：立春(冬末初春．阴历正月前后)。上午一时到五时，共四小时。每月二十三日。
从方位类象而言：东北(后天八卦)。西北(先天八卦)。
从数字类象而言：七、五、十、八。
从干支类象而言：十干为、已。十二支为丑、寅。五行为土。纳甲为丙。
从味道类象而言：甜。
从色彩类象而言：棕、咖啡、棕黄。
从疾病类象而言：脾胃之病、不食、虚胀、鼻手、脚、背之病、麻木病、关节病、血病、血液循环不良、备种痘疹、皮肢过敏症、肿症、凸起的炎症、疑难症、营养不良症、肿瘤、结石症。

周易第五十二卦初九爻详解
初六爻辞
初六。艮其趾，无咎。利永贞。
象曰：艮其趾，未失正也。
白话文解释
初六：歇脚养息，不要轻举妄动，自然无灾难，这是长期吉利的贞兆。
《象辞》说：歇脚养息，不要轻举妄动，远离不义，不失正道，自然永远吉利。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，宜守本份，不要纵欲。做官的保守己职者无失。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：初交好运，退守无咎。
财运：知足常乐，多行善事。
家宅：可以长住；百年好合。
身体：足疾就医。

初六变卦

  初六爻动变得周易第22卦：山火贲。这个卦是异卦（下离上艮）相叠。离为火为明；艮为山为止。文明而有节制。贲卦论述文与质的关系，以质为主，以文调节。贲，文饰、修饰。

初九爻的哲学含义

艮卦第一爻，爻辞：初六：艮其址，无咎，利永贞爻辞释义
本爻辞的意思是：在脚趾迈出之前若发现错了就该马上停止，这样就不会有过错，有利于长久坚守正道。
从卦象上看，初六以阴爻居刚位，是为失位，又没有居于中位，是为不能守中，这一爻意味着在行为的初始阶段，就出现了偏差。
《象》中这样解释本爻：“艮其趾”未失正也。这里指出：“在脚趾迈出之前若发现错了就该马上停止”，这就说明没有失去正道，所以不会有错。
占得此爻者，你想做些事，可是现在形势难以捉摸，你最好保持冷静，如果在还没有做之前就停下来，是再好不过的事了。
初六：艮其趾，无咎，利永贞。
象曰：艮其趾，朱失正也。
经文意思是：脚趾停止运动，没有灾难，利于永远守正道。
象辞意思是：脚处停止运动，是没有失去正道。

初六：艮其趾，无咎。利永贞。
《象传》曰：艮其趾，未失正也。
居《艮》之初，当趾之位。凡人动止，必自趾始，是以欲止其心，先止其身，欲止其身，先止其趾。趾止则不妄动，不妄动，则止得其所，而无失矣，故曰“无咎”。吉凶悔吝，每生乎动，止其趾，止动之初也，是遏人欲于将萌，存天理于未著，图之于始，尤当持之以永，故曰“利永贞”。《象传》曰“未失正也”，谓以阴居阳，位虽失正，而止其所止，初基正矣，故曰未失其正。
【占】　问时运：运途初交，宜守稳步，不可妄进，自得无咎。
○　问战征：屯军山足，宜静守，不宜妄动。
○　问营商：宜知足。
○　问功名：初步虽微，不失其正。
○　问家宅：此宅近在山麓，可以长住，无咎。
○　问婚姻：百年好合，无咎。
○　问疾病：病是足疾，艰于步履，一时难愈。
○　问讼事：不失其正，无咎。
○　问行人：因足不能行，一时不归。
○　问失物：必不遗失，宜就地下僻处寻之。
○　问六甲：生女，防有足疾。
【例】　明治二十四年，占某大臣气运，筮得《艮》之《贲》。
断曰：《艮》者两山并峙之卦，两山并峙，则不能前进，有止而不动之象也。今贵下占气运，得此初爻，“趾”足指也，凡人行动，以足在前，“艮其趾”，则足趾不动，而全体亦因之不动，即《大象》所谓“君子以思不出其位”也。知贵下宜永守其正，葆此爵位，无容再求升用，否则妄动，未免有咎矣。

Line-1
Legge: The first line, magnetic, shows its subject keeping her toes at rest. There will be no error, but it will be advantageous for her to be persistently firm and correct.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Keeping his toes still. No blame. Continued perseverance furthers.
Blofeld: Stilling the toes -- no error. Unwavering persistence in a righteous course brings advantage. [This suggests the simplest kind of stillness, namely staying where we are.]
Liu: Keeping the toes still. No error. Continued persistence is advantageous.
Ritsema/Karcher: Bound: one's feet. Without fault. Harvesting: perpetual Trial.
Shaughnessy: Stilling his foot: there is no trouble; beneficial for permanent determination.
Cleary (1): Stopping at the feet, there is no fault. It is beneficial to be always upright.
Wu: He rests his toes. No error. It is advantageous to be persevering.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She does not fail in what is correct according to the idea of the figure.
Wilhelm/Baynes: What is right is not yet lost. Blofeld: This passage is implied by the position of this line, which is not out of order. Ritsema/Karcher: Not-yet letting-go correcting indeed. Cleary (2): Stop the feet before losing correctness. Wu: He has not lost the correct way.
Legge: The symbolism of the hexagram rises from one part of the body to the other. The first line at the bottom of the figure fitly suggests the toes. Toes play a great part in walking, but there are here at rest, and so do not lose the correct idea of Keeping Still. The lesson is that from the first men should rest in and be anxious to do what is right in all their affairs. The dynamic line in a magnetic place accounts for the caution with which the phrase concludes.

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: At the outset, the man pauses to study the situation as it actually exists -- without being led astray by wishful thinking or ulterior motives. He must remain persistently firm and correct to avoid irresolute drifting.
Wing: Because the situation is only at its beginning, you are able to see things as they are. Furthermore, your interests and motives have not yet become self-serving. Continuing in this objective attitude is necessary for advancement.
Editor: The I Ching consistently uses the image of toes as symbolic of initial movement - the beginning of some kind of action. Here the message is to refrain from action. There is a hint that egotistical compulsiveness or impatience might be involved. You are counseled to squelch this urge and remain quietly in place. Our vitality constantly drives us to do something and if we stop that, something within us keeps going on. Try once to think of nothing even for half a second! You cannot! You think: "Gosh, I have to go to the butcher, etc." It is the constant autonomous restlessness of the life we lead and our will-power is insufficient to enable a simple inner life to overcome that autonomous liveliness. With the help of the Self, however, it comes forth.
M.L. Von Franz -- Alchemical Active Imagination
A. Do not initiate action.

周易第五十二卦九二爻详解
六二爻辞
六二。艮其腓，不拯其随，其心不快。
象曰：不拯其随，未退听也。
白话文解释
六二：停立不行，但腿部肌肉还是负伤。心里很不愉快。
《象辞》说：腿部肌肉还是负伤，因为其人固执己见，没有退回来，听取别人的意见。

北宋易学家邵雍解
凶：得此爻者，运势受阻，或奔波在外，多劳苦；或有足疾。做官的得不到他人的帮助，不宜上进。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：运途受阻，缺少援手。
财运：止而不售，难免心忧。
家宅：不宜迁居；避开此婚。
身体：药物难治。

六二变卦

  六二爻动变得周易第18卦：山风蛊。这个卦是异卦（下巽上艮）相叠，与随卦互为综卦。蛊本意为事，引申为多事、混乱。器皿久不用而生虫称“蛊”，喻天下久安而因循、腐败，必须革新创造，治理整顿，挽救危机，重振事业。

九二爻的哲学含义

艮卦第二爻，爻辞：六二：艮其腓，不拯其随，其心不快。爻辞释义
腓：指膝关节以下的小腿部位。
本爻辞的意思是：抑止在小腿上，既然无法拯救别人，只好随别人行动，心中感觉不畅快。
从卦象上看，六二属于阴爻居于柔位，得位守中，具备中正仁和之德。六二与九三、六四一起组成坎卦，坎卦指危险。六二居坎卦之初，最先意识到这种危险，但其上级九三却不能守中，阳刚激进，不计后果。六二想劝止其行为，但九二地位比九三低，正像人的小腿不能控制大腿一样，六二不能劝阻九三，只能勉强相随。
《象》中这样分析此爻：“不拯其随”，未退听也。这里指出：“既然无法拯救别人，只好随别人行动”，因为九三不能退下来听从抑止的意见，因而六二心中不快。
占得此爻者，你意识到了某种危险的存在，可是上级或领导不听你的意见，你必须跟他们一起去冒这个险。在这个时候，确实是非常无奈的。
六二：艮其腓，不拯其随，其心不快。
象曰：不拯其随，朱退听也。

六二：艮其腓，不拯其随，其心不快。
《象传》曰：不拯其随，未退听也。
“腓”，《本义》释为足肚，《正字通》云，胫后肉腓也。腓上于趾，故二象之。《咸》之二曰“咸其腓”，《咸》主夫感；《艮》二曰“艮其腓”，《艮》主夫止，止则安止不动矣。然趾与腓，皆为动体，本不欲止也，所欲止者心也。心欲止，则趾不能不止；趾既止，而腓亦随之，是腓固随趾为动止者也。“拯”，援也，“不拯其随”者，谓三“限”在上，不肯俯听，趾腓相随而动，故二之心有“不快”也。《象传》曰，“未退听也”，谓既不能拯其动，又不能退而听命，以从其止，是以“其心不快”矣。
【占】　问时运：运途有阻，宜裹足不前，不宜随心而动。
○　问战征：止，不进也，坚守不动，又无外援，是以戚戚也。
○　问营商：货物止而不售，甚为可忧。
○　问功名：不得寸进，又苦无大力之援。
○　问疾病：“腓”，病也，《诗》云“百卉具腓”，为秋风所虐也。此病亦必是秋症，恐非药力所能救援也。甚为可忧。
○　问婚姻：腓亦为避，宜避绝之。
○　问六甲：生女。
【例】　应友人石坂氏之请，为占矿山事，筮得《艮》之《蛊》。
断曰：《 艮》为山，腓在山足之上，《彖》曰“艮其背”，背身后也，爻之取象，皆在背后。为占矿山，而得此爻，知矿山之穴，宜在山背。初为趾，二为腓，腓上于趾，知其穴又在股之下，足之上也。“艮，止也”，论其事，谓停止。在趾与腓本喜动，不喜止，曰止，其心必为之不快矣。今必倡始，议将停止，随从者亦无力拯救，固宜作退步为是。必待五爻“悔亡”，得其辅助，可复与也。以爻计之，当在三年之后。
【例】　明治二十七年冬至，占战后形势，筮得《艮》之《蛊》，呈之内阁总理大臣。
断曰，卦体取诸山，卦象取诸身，身本动也，山则止而不动；卦又于身之中取诸背，背无所见，背亦不动也。卦与《震》反，《震》动而《艮》止，所谓动极而止者也。今占战后形势，得《艮》二爻，初为趾，二为腓，腓进于趾，腓能屈能伸，其动尤甚，其力较强，论战后形势，固较昔而尤强也。战后得此巨数偿金，在从征军士，皆自夸威武之力，每每藐视文官。至在朝大臣，总计全局，当以此金拓张军备，是为首要，而不能随从军士之心，其心未免不快也。且《序卦》曰，“艮者，止也”，谓大战之后，宜休养，不宜躁动，古称止戈曰武，此其征也。武士之心，固好动，不好静，止而不动，致多郁郁不乐，亦情所必有。观腓之动，凡腓自动，心为之也；在武士之动，亦非武士所能自主，朝廷为之也：是在朝廷静镇之耳。

Line-2
Legge: The second line, magnetic, shows its subject keeping the calves of her legs at rest. She cannot help the subject of the line above whom she follows, and is dissatisfied in her mind.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Keeping his calves still. He cannot rescue him whom he follows. His heart is not glad.
Blofeld: Stilling the calves. His heart is sad because he is unable to save his followers. [Perhaps the implication is that the mind's injunction to be still reached the calves but was delayed there, so that the feet continued moving until it was too late. In other words, we are too late in deciding to stay where we are, although circumstances make this most desirable.]
Liu: Keeping the calves still. But he cannot restrain the movements that follow, and he is uneasy in his mind. [A person cannot achieve his goal now.]
Ritsema/Karcher: Bound: one's calves. Not rescuing one's following. One's heart not keen.

Shaughnessy: Stilling his calves: not raising aloft his rent flesh, his heart is not glad.
Cleary (1): Stopping at the calves doesn’t help out the following. The heart is unhappy.
Cleary (2): Stopping the calves, they don’t rise to follow. The mind is not happy.
Wu: He rests the calves of his legs. He cannot help the one he follows and feels unhappy.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: He whom she follows will not retreat to listen to her.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Because this one does not turn toward him to listen to him. Blofeld: He cannot save them because he failed to retire and wait. Ritsema/ Karcher: Not-yet withdrawing-from hearkening indeed. Cleary (2): Not rising to follow means not retreating to listen. Wu: Because that person is unwilling to step back and listen to him.
Legge: Above the toes are the calves, represented by the second line which is magnetic but in its proper place. Above this again, are the loins, represented by the third line -dynamic and in danger of being violent. The second line follows the third and would like to help him, but is unable to do so because there is no correlation between them. The third line will persist in his course without heeding the warnings of line two.
Anthony: Keeping his calves still. When we allow ourself to be lured by a wrong motive, it means we doubt that the correct way will work. When doubt pervades, we should not act. “He cannot rescue him whom he follows.” If our inner eye is fastened on what another person does, we follow their path rather than our own. We can only rescue them if we follow our own path. When they see that they are truly alone, with no one to rescue them, they will try to save themselves.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is unable to stop his stronger master even when the latter is bent on the direction of wrongdoing. He is unhappy about being swept along by such a movement.
Wing: You are swept along by your goals and the events you've set into motion. Even though you may wish to stop and reconsider, you cannot halt the flow of action. This condition brings unhappiness.
Editor: The image depicts one bound to a force or situation which one either can't or won't control. Ritsema/Karcher translate "hearkening” in the Confucian commentary as: “T'ING: ...The ideogram ear and actualizing-tao, hear and obey.” Perhaps you have disregarded your intuition or inner voice: the Self. In some contexts, the image suggests one disempowered by circumstances not of one’s own making. Little or nothing can be done to influence the situation. If you have given way to anger, be sure that over and above the evil involved therein, you have strengthened the habit, and added fuel to the fire. If overcome

by a temptation of the flesh, do not reckon it a single defeat, but that you have also strengthened your dissolute habits. Habits and faculties are necessarily affected by the corresponding acts. Those that were not there before, spring up: the rest gain in strength and extent.
Epictetus
A. Depicts a powerless relationship with a controlling inferior force.
B. Fight hard against your "need" to act.

周易第五十二卦九三爻详解详解
九三爻辞
九三。艮其限，列其夤，厉薰心。
象曰：艮其限，危薰心也。
白话文解释
九三：卸掉重担，保护腰部，但是胁间肉却已裂开了，引退不及时，则罹凶险。这是由于为名利所惑，不能迅速引退卸职所招致的灾祸。
《象辞》说：“卸掉重担，保护腰部，胁间肉却已裂开了，引退不及时，则罹凶险”，危险是由为名利迷惑所致。

北宋易学家邵雍解
凶：得此爻者，不顺之时，危难不安。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：顺时可成，不可勉强。
财运：闭关自守，难免穷困。
家宅：往来为宜；不拘门户。
身体：血脉不通。

九三变卦

  九三爻动变得周易第23卦：山地剥。这个卦是异卦（下坤上艮）相叠。五阴在下，一阳在上，阴盛而阳孤；高山附于地。二者都是剥落象，故为“剥卦”。此卦阴盛阳衰，喻小人得势，君子困顿，事业败坏。

九三爻的哲学含义

艮卦第三爻，爻辞：九三：艮其限，列其夤，厉薰心。爻辞释义
限：指界限。列：指分开，并列不相连。夤：指人的脊柱，位置与心相对。
本爻辞的意思是：抑止腰部的行动，以至于撕裂了脊背的肉，身陷危险而心忧如焚。
从卦象上看，九三属于阳爻居刚位，得位但不居中，急躁易动。九三处于由六二、九三、六四一起组成坎卦之中，坎卦指危险，九三身陷危险之中，既没有援助，自己又不能动。有如脚步已迈进门槛的时候，才想起了抑止自己的行动，这样的抑止实际上是控制不住的，它会裂断脊背上的肉的；这样做是很凶厉的，它有如烈火薰心一样难受。
《象》中这样分析本爻：“艮其限”，危薰心也。这里指出：“抑止腰部的行动”，说明其身陷危险而心忧如焚。本爻告诉人们的道理就是：当行则行，当止则止，但如果停止的时机和位置不恰当，会给你带来不必要的损失。
占得此爻者，因为不能承受工作压力又没有及时辞职卸任，以至于腰部出现了问题。
占得此爻者，还可能因为贪慕名或利，本想尽心尽力帮助别人做些事情，以达到目的，可是黄昏时却与人家发生冲突，这时就要停下来要做的事，不要利益薰心向人家索要利益。
九三：艮其限，列其夤，厉薰心。
象曰：艮其限，危薰心也。
经文意思是：止住腰部，撕裂脊背，危险如烈火烧心。
象辞意思是：止住腰部，其危险如烈火烧心一样。

九三：艮其限，列其夤，厉，薰心。
《象传》曰：艮其限，危薰心也。
“限”者，门限，为内外之界限。三处内外之间，横亘一画，故象限。“列”，分解也，虞氏作裂。“夤”，通作
；马云“夹脊肉”。按《咸》五曰“脢”，《 易传》谓“在脊曰脢”，郑云，“脢，脊肉”，是夤与脢，字异而义同也。“薰”，通作熏，灼也。三之《艮》限，为隔绝一身上下，使不相通，则将分心背而为二，一若门限之隔绝内外，此释氏所谓“降伏其心”是也。以强伏其心，心者，火也，心火上灼，烛烛炎炎，薰灼于方寸之中，不可扑灭，则其心危矣，《诗》云“忧心如薰”，此之谓也。岂知心本虚灵，感而遂通，《咸》之“咸其脢”，与《艮》之“艮其限”，一感一止，初无二致，《 彖传》所谓“时止则止，时行则行，动静不失其时”，一任心之自然，而未可以隔绝为止者。隔绝为止，是欲定其心，乃适以危其心，心岂可以强制者哉！夫人一身脉络血气，上下前后，必周流贯通，无所阻隔，而此心自觉泰然，否则上不降，下不升，则脉络不通，血肉分裂，心其能得安乎？故曰“厉”。“薰心”，《象传》易“厉”曰“危”，盖危较厉，为更可惧也。
【占】　问时运：运途顺逆，皆当顺时，强制者危。
○　问战征：两军相对，各争疆界，安得划界自守乎？自守者危矣。
○　问营商：货物务在流通，乃可获利，况今万国通商，输入输出，互相交易，若闭关自限，必穷之道也，可危甚矣。
○　问功名：专守一艺者，必非大器。
○　问家宅：治家之道，内外出入，固宜严谨，但不宜隔绝，隔绝则财用不通，而家道危矣。
○　问婚姻：婚姻之道，本由天合，若苟守门户，不能成两姓之欢。
○　问疾病：必是隔症，上下不交，血脉不通，病势可危。
○　问讼事：是上下之情不达，曲直难分。
○　问六甲：生女，防难产。
【例】　某氏来请占某贵显气运，筮得《艮》之《剥》。
断曰：爻象为血脉不通，心背分裂，势颇可危。今贵下占气运，而得此爻，知贵下于政府内外，情好或多不协。其所由来，在于位置自高，不屑与人往来，遂至势分隔绝，情意不通，其势几成孤立，虽有才智，无所展布，此身危矣。爻辞所云“艮其限，裂其夤，厉，薰心”，其象如是，贵下宜旁求诸《咸》。《咸》五曰“咸其脢”，斯无悔矣。

Line-3
Legge: The third line, dynamic, shows its subject keeping his loins at rest, and separating the ribs from the body below. The situation is perilous, and the heart glows with suppressed excitement.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Keeping his hips still. Making his sacrum stiff. Dangerous. The heart suffocates.
Blofeld: Stilling the loins and stiffening the spine – his heart is suffocated by trouble. [Elsewhere in the Book of Change, it is made clear that the loins sometimes symbolize sexual desire. To force oneself to continence when the mind is not ready for it is exceedingly dangerous and may lead to mental and emotional disarrangement. What is required is stilling the WHOLE self, a cessation of desire itself.]
Liu: Keeping the loins and the middle of the spine still. Danger. His heart is like an anxious flame.
Ritsema/Karcher: Bound: one's limit. Assigned-to one's loins: adversity smothers the heart.
Shaughnessy: Stilling his midsection: scratching his spine; danger; smoke the heart.
Cleary (1): Stopping at the waist breaks the backbone; danger inflames the heart.
Wu: He rests his waist and tightens it with a waistband. He is deeply worried.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: The danger of keeping the loins at rest produces a glowing heat in the heart. Wilhelm/Baynes: There is danger that the heart may suffocate. Blofeld: If the loins are stilled, there is a danger that the heart will suffocate. Ritsema/ Karcher: Exposure smothers the heart indeed. Cleary (2): Danger affects the heart. Wu: He is deeply worried.

Legge: When the calves are kept at rest, advance is stopped, but no other harm ensues. Not so when the loins are kept at rest, and unable to bend, for the connection between the upper and lower parts of the body is then broken. The dissatisfaction increases to an angry heat. Canon McClatchie suggests the idea of "stopping at a limit, and separating what is in continued succession (i.e., the backbone); thus the mind, etc."
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: Danger results from the smoldering resentment against forced inaction on the part of the man. The proper frame of mind for meditation and concentration can arise naturally only out of inner composure and not through artificial rigidity.
Wing: If you attempt to force stillness upon restless desires you will only create deep inner conflict and resentment. This can be dangerous. Attempt internal composure through relaxation and Meditation.
Editor: If the heart is the point of balance between the dry speculations of the brain and the robust libido of the genitals ("loins"), then the will to keep the loins at rest is certain to create a conflict within the psyche which will test our "heart" to serve the higher ideals of the Work. As the top line of the lower trigram, this is a place of transition between a lower and higher condition, and the imagery describes the conflict which ensues whenever one undertakes such a separation. Blofeld's note about sexuality is very apt here: the Self is capable of testing one's will to the very limits of endurance on this issue; indeed, control of sexual libido is one of the cornerstones of the Work and cannot be evaded. The concept of the "cessation of desire itself" is easily understood, yet all but impossible to achieve. If this is the only changing line, the new hexagram becomes number 23, Disintegration (Splitting Apart), the corresponding line of which offers a strong hint about how to handle the situation at hand. For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that ye cannot do the things that ye would.
Galatians 5: 17
A. Make a distinction between your will and your desire, and at least be conscious about which one you choose.
B. Enforced inaction is suffocating to a free spirit.
C. Calm down -- get back on center. Disassociate yourself from an inferior force.

周易第五十二卦九四爻详解详解
六四爻辞
六四。艮其身，无咎。
象曰：艮其身，止诸躬也。
白话文解释
六四：引退保身，没有灾祸。
《象辞》说：引退保身，是说其人注意力全部集中在自身的安危上，所以不会招惹灾难。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，宜安分守常，不可有非分之想。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：无得无失，保身无咎。
财运：可以保本，另得良机。
家宅：平安无事；婚姻平平。
身体：带病延年。

六四变卦

  六四爻动变得周易第56卦：火山旅。这个卦是异卦（下艮上离）相叠。此卦与丰卦相反，互为“综卦”。山中燃火，烧而不止，火势不停地向前蔓延，如同途中行人，急于赶路。因而称旅卦。

九四爻的哲学含义

艮卦第四爻，爻辞：六四：艮其身，无咎。爻辞释义
本爻辞的意思是：抑止身体上部不动，就不会受害。
从卦象上看，六四已经进入了上卦，临近君主六五，属于近君大臣。这个位置有如人体的胸腹部，保护着五脏六腹，制约四肢。六四以阴爻居柔位，当位得正。既能抑止急进躁动的九三，又能自我审视，管住自己，并且听从六五的命令，所以无咎。
《象》中这样分析本爻：“艮其身”，止诸躬也。这里指出：“抑止身体上部不动”，自我控制不超越本身的地位。
本爻提示人们，任何事情都有度，在做事的时候一定要考虑这一点。占得此爻者，要明白当下自己的关键之事就是掌握好这个度，既要把握下级做事的度，也要审视自己，在执行领导的命令时是否适度。你可以检查一下自己在这些方面，是不是有什么失误或过错。
六四：艮其身，无咎。象曰：艮其身，止诸躬也。

六四：艮其身，无咎。
《象传》曰：艮其身，止诸躬也。
“身”者，总括全体而言，分言之，则一身亦有上下之别。六四居下卦之上，上卦之下，当心之位，在一身之中也。爻得柔正，上比六五，为能“止其所止”，洁身自好，虽不能兼善天下，亦可以独善其身，较之内卦三爻，为稍胜也。但以阴居阴，不堪有为，只能以身为天下模范而已，故曰“艮其身，无咎”。三爻言心，四爻言身，心虚而身实，期人含虚而践实，斯不坠入释氏虚无之弊。《象传》以“止诸躬”释之，躬，犹身也。是以身止心，即《大象》所谓“思不出其位”也。
【占】　问时运：运途柔顺，能保其身，自得无咎。
○　问战征：难望进取，但于我身无所伤败，咎复何有？
○　问营商：只能保本。
○　问功名：无得无失。
○　问家宅：安居无咎。
○　问婚姻：平平。
○　问疾病：是带病延年之症。
○　问失物：即在身上寻之。
○　问六甲：生女。
【例】　明治二十年，占某贵显气运，筮得《艮》之《旅》。
断曰：四爻介上下之交，当心之位，心内而身外，曰“艮其身”，是兼身心而言也。然《艮》主夫止，止则无所作为，是不足以见功，但求无咎而已。今贵下占气运，得《艮》四爻，爻曰“艮其身”，有保身安命之象。四爻比近尊位，知贵下爵位已显，为宜谨守职分，夙夜弗懈，以保全一身声名禄位，安享此太平之福，复有何咎？《大象》所谓“君子以思不出其位”，惟贵下有焉。

Line-4
Legge: The fourth line, magnetic, shows its subject keeping her trunk at rest. There will be no error.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Keeping his trunk still. No blame.

Blofeld: Stilling the body -- no error!
Liu: Keeping the body still. No error.
Ritsema/Karcher: Bound: one's individuality. Without fault.
Shaughnessy: Stilling his torso.
Cleary (1): Stopping at the body, there is no blame.
Cleary (2): Stopping at the torso, there is no fault.
Wu: He rests on his body. No error.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She keeps herself free from agitation. Wilhelm/Baynes: He stops within his own body. Blofeld: Stilling the body means stilling the whole self. Ritsema/
Karcher: Stopping connoting the body indeed. Cleary (2): Stopping the torso stills the body. Wu: This means he puts a stop at his own person.
Legge: Each part of the body, such as the mouth, eyes and ears has its own particular appetite which draws it to that which is outside of itself. The back alone has nothing to do
with anything beyond itself -- hardly with itself even. All that it has to do is stand straight and strong. So should it be with us, resting in principle, free from the intrusion of selfish thoughts and external objects.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man forgets his ego. This leads to the highest state of rest.
Wing: Your frame of mind is conducive to self-mastery. You have only to transcend the impulses of your ego to achieve the ideal of Meditation.
Editor: Siu's paraphrase combined with Legge's commentary, implies that the situation requires total non-action in the physical, emotional and mental realms of the psyche. This of course is the ideal of almost all forms of meditation.
If, in experiencing an emotion -- any emotion -- a person consciously refrains from acting on it while at the same time keeping the event alive within himself, he will discover that the emotion leads him to another dimension of experience. He will discover that the energy of the emotion does not die because of his refusal to give it a space outside of himself. If he holds on to the tail of this tiger as it rebounds inward, he will discover its source. He will then learn why the mediaeval alchemists and Kabbalists insisted that man contains within him a sun,

a center of pure energy. It should be stressed that the method I am talking about here is nothing new. The idea is implicit in all Oriental yogas.
C. Ponce -- Kabbalah
A. Non-action is correct action. Maintain repose.
B. Meditate.

周易第五十二卦九五爻详解详解
六五爻辞
六五。艮其辅，言有序，悔亡。
象曰：艮其辅，以中正也。
白话文解释
六五：闭口少言，讲话有分寸，自然没有悔恨。
《象辞》说：闭口少言，讲话有分寸，没有悔恨，因为六五之爻居上卦中位，像人谨守中正之道。

北宋易学家邵雍解
平：得此爻者，正人君子，人情和合，谋望遂意。做官的会居要职。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：言谈中正，自然可取。
财运：保密为要，商机可成。
家宅：位得中正；慎防巧言。
身体：口能发声，病即可治。

六五变卦

  六五爻动变得周易第53卦：风山渐。这个卦是异卦（下艮上巽）相叠。艮为山，巽为木。山上有木，逐渐成长，山也随着增高。这是逐渐进步的过程，所以称渐，渐即进，渐渐前进而不急速。

九五爻的哲学含义

艮卦第五爻，爻辞：六五：艮其辅，言有序，悔亡。爻辞释义
辅：指脸辅，面颊。言有序：只说话讲分寸，言之有序。
本爻辞的意思是：约束自己的嘴巴，不要随便乱说，说话很有分寸和条理。
从卦象上看，六五以阴爻居于君主之位，才质柔弱，有失正之嫌。但是其居于上卦中间，能执守中道，有效地约束自己的言行，说出的话都是“金口玉言”，这样就不会出现悔恨之事。
《象》中这样解释本爻：“艮其辅”，以中正也。这里指出：“约束自己的嘴巴，不要随便乱说”，说明六五爻居于中位能守中道。这一爻告诉人们的正是“小心祸从口出”的道理。
占得此爻者，可能是非常爱说的人，有些人还带有夸大、吹嘘的成分，甚至引起周围人的反感。在说话时一定要注意，言多必失，不该说的话不要说，以免引起不必要的麻烦。慎言、慎行，一旦出大事，不会殃及自己，就不会有后悔的事。

六五：艮其辅，言有序，悔亡。
《象传》曰：艮其辅，以中正也。
五居外卦之中，二偶分列，有辅之象。按《咸》上曰，“辅，腾口悦也”，是辅所以出言；“艮其辅”，斯言无失言矣。君子之道，寡言则寡悔。“艮其辅”者，固非止其辅而不言也，惟在时然后言耳。时然后言，则言有其序，可以默则默，可以语则语，语默不失其时，故“悔亡”。《象传》以“中正”释之，“艮其辅”，谓上得其中正，是以“言有序”而“无悔”也。
【占】　问时运：运得中正，故无悔忧。
○　问战征：行军之际，最忌谣言妄作，惑乱军心，“艮其辅”使不妄言，斯号令严明，所向无敌矣。
○　问营商：商情犹如军情，消息不容漏泄，“艮其辅”，则言得其要矣。
○　问功名：巧言必黜，昌言则拜，言得中正，立谈可取卿相也。
○　问家宅：此宅位得中正，居之无悔。
○　问婚姻：媒妁之言，每多虚诞，听者宜慎。
○　问疾病：必是牙关紧闭，口不出声，得能发声，病乃可治。
○　问六甲：生女。
【例】　明治二十四年十一月，贵族院议员日野西公、善神道总裁稻叶正邦来访，曰：今春恶疫流行，三条相国以下二三元老，遽而薨逝，实国家之不幸也。寻又有大津之暴举，浓尾之震灾，以及伊势神宫庭燎无风启灭。此皆意外凶变，自古罕闻，而适于今年叠见之。所谓国家将兴，必有祯祥，国家将亡，必有妖孽，此其兆也，能不惧乎？今议会开设在近，是为上下臣民，最所注意，请君一卜，以见议院之兴败。余曰：仆昨年十二月既占之矣，以爻辞上呈松方总理、土方宫内二公，卦爻遇《艮》之《渐》。
断曰：《大象》曰“兼山”，为两山兼峙，阻绝往来，有上下不通之象。今占众议院，得《艮》五爻，爻辞曰“艮其辅”，是止众议之辅，使不得以无稽之言妄干上听；曰“言有序，”谓议者所言，当必秩秩有序，斯可听纳。爻象若预知此番众议，必多出言不逊，好与政府为难，卒至奉敕解散，亦势所必有也。即使众议言皆有序，亦但曰“无悔”而已，未足以见功也。众议院之兆如此。
两公听之大感，至十二月，众议院果奉诏敕解散。

Line-5
Legge: The fifth line, magnetic, shows its subject keeping her jawbones at rest, so that her words are all orderly. Occasion for repentance will disappear.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Keeping his jaws still. The words have order. Remorse disappears.
Blofeld: Stilling the jaws. Since his words are well ordered, he ceases to have cause for regret.
Liu: Keeping the jaws still. His speech has order. Remorse vanishes.
Ritsema/Karcher: Bound: one's jawbones. Words possessing sequence. Repenting extinguished.
Shaughnessy: Stilling his cheeks: words have sequence; regret is gone.
Cleary (2): Stopping the jaws, there is order in speech, and regret vanishes.
Wu: He rests his lower jaw. He speaks with orderliness. Regret vanishes.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: She acts correctly in harmony with her central position. Wilhelm/
Baynes: As a result of central and correct behavior. Blofeld: This is indicated by the suitable position of this line, which is central to the upper trigram. Ritsema/Karcher: Using centering correcting indeed. Cleary (2): Stopping the jaws is done with balance and uprightness. Wu: Because of his central position.
Legge: The place of the magnetic fifth line is not proper for it, hence the mention of her repenting. Yu Pen (Ming dynasty) says on line five: "Words should not be uttered rashly. Then, when uttered, they will accord with principle. But it is only the master of the virtue of the due mean who can attain to this."
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man is judicious in his choice of words. He thereby eliminates occasions for regret.

Wing: Once you have centered yourself, your words will be chosen more carefully, and outspoken or unthinking comments will be avoided. In this way you will no longer suffer shame or regret.
Editor: At its most obvious level, to keep the jawbones at rest is to refrain from illconsidered remarks. But what if one receives this line in a context where speech, per se, is not a factor? Speech is the utterance of words, and words express ideas. As artifacts of the mental realm, words are the components of conceptualization. All of the translations emphasize the idea of bringing order to one's words, hence the line in its larger context is an injunction to sort out the facts of the matter at hand and arrange them in a meaningful pattern. It can refer to re-thinking a situation, or sometimes just to the need to shut off your constant inner chatter. Ritsema/Karcher's Confucian commentary uses the term "Centering correcting," which they translate as: "Make rectifying one-sidedness and error your central concern; reaching a stable center in yourself can correct the situation." It is very difficult for a man to keep silent about things that interest him. He would like to speak about them to everyone with whom he is accustomed to share his thoughts ... This is the most mechanical of all desires and in this case silence is the most difficult abstinence of all. But if a man understands this or, at least, if he follows this rule, it will constitute for him the best exercise possible for selfremembering and for the development of will. Only a man who can be silent when it is necessary can be master of himself.
Gurdjieff
A. Bring order to your thinking. Thought structures can become barriers to correct
perception -- don't jump to simplistic conclusions.
B. "Make sure brain is engaged before putting mouth in gear."
C. When you don't understand what's happening, refrain from useless speculation.

周易第五十二卦上九爻详解详解
上九爻辞
上九。敦艮，吉。
象曰：敦艮之吉，以厚终也。
白话文解释
上九：注意保护自己的脑袋，首级不失，自然吉利。
《象辞》说：爻辞讲以忠厚为归宿之所以吉利，因为上九之爻为一卦之终爻，像人秉守忠厚，必得善终。

北宋易学家邵雍解
吉：得此爻者，多福多利，但易防不吉之事。做官的会升迁，读书人会取得佳绩。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解
时运：好上加好，自然吉祥。
财运：上手生意，获利自多。
家宅：世代忠厚；婚姻吉祥。
身体：体质厚实。

上九变卦

  上九爻动变得周易第15卦：地山谦。这个卦是异卦（下艮上坤）相叠，艮为山，坤为地。地面有山，地卑（低）而山高，是为内高外低，比喻功高不自居，名高不自誉，位高不自傲。这就是谦。

上九爻的哲学含义

艮卦第六爻，爻辞：上九：敦艮，吉。爻辞释义
敦：指敎厚、驾实的意思。
本爻辞的意思是：能够以敦厚笃实的德行抑止邪欲，这样就会获得吉祥。
从卦象上看，上九位于艮卦的最上端，不但沉厚而且高大，以其至厚之德将止道贯彻始终。《象》中这样解释本爻：“敦艮之吉”，以厚终也。这里指出：“能够以敦厚笃实的德行抑止邪欲，这样就会获得吉祥”，说明上九能够将敦厚的德行保持至终。
这一爻告诉人们，要抑止自己的言行，必须要有敦厚的德行才行，只有敦厚诚实的品德，才会吉祥；不然则会变为小人的投机取巧，既害人，又害己。

上九：敦艮，吉。
《象传》曰：敦艮之吉，以厚终也。
上居《艮》之终，即止之终也。“敦”，加厚也，所谓泰山不让土壤，故能成其高，即敦厚之谓也。上能以敦厚自止，是以获吉。《艮》六爻，惟上言吉，盖《艮》之为道，上爻足以尽之。上能坚守此心，知其所止，是以厚重如山，不可动摇，吉莫大焉。《象传》以“厚终”释之，谓止以敦而乃安，敦以终而弥厚，是《艮》之所“成终”者，在此厚，而所以“成始”者，亦即在此厚也。
【占】　问时运：运途至此，无可复进，惟厚益加厚，是以得吉。
○　问战征：地位至上已极，要在兵力加厚，无不获吉。
○　问营商：是上手生意，价高物美，获利必厚。
○　问功名：必应上选，吉。
○　问家宅：必是世代忠厚之家，吉。
○　问婚姻：吉。
○　问疾病：素体厚实，不药有喜。
○　问六甲：生女。
【例】　明治二十七年三月，某贵显来，请占气运，筮得《艮》之《谦》。
断曰：上处重《艮》之极，即为兼山之上，山以厚重为体，山愈高则愈厚，故全卦之义，归成于上，而上乃独得其吉，即可见晚运之亨通也。今贵下占气运，而得上爻，知贵下身居民上，爵位崇高，人民瞻望，俨同山斗，而素怀忠厚，未尝以势位凌人。“敦”者，厚也，《艮》者，止也，贵下当止其所止，厚益加厚，于己于人，无不获吉。大运之盛，于此可见。

Line-6
Legge: The sixth line, dynamic, shows its subject devotedly maintaining his restfulness. There will be good fortune.
Wilhelm/Baynes: Noble hearted keeping still. Good fortune.
Blofeld: The highest form of stillness -- good fortune!
Liu: Keeping still with benevolence. Good fortune.
Ritsema/Karcher: Magnanimous Bounding, significant.
Shaughnessy: Thick roots; auspicious.

Cleary (2): Careful stopping is auspicious.
Wu: He rests with honor. Auspicious.
COMMENTARY
Confucius/Legge: To the end he shows himself generous and good. Wilhelm/
Baynes: The good fortune of noble hearted keeping still comes from the fact that there is an ample end. Blofeld: He achieves this in order to win greater benefit in the end.
Ritsema/Karcher: Using munificence to complete indeed. Cleary (2): A rich conclusion. Wu: It ends with honor.
Legge: The third line of the trigrams, and the sixth line of the hexagram, is what makes
Keeping Still what it is -- the symbol of a mountain. The subject of it therefore will carry out the resting required by the whole figure in the highest style.
NOTES AND PARAPHRASES
Siu: The man attains tranquility in relation to life in its entirety.
Wing: When your inner composure can reach even beyond the situation into all aspects of your life, you can penetrate the true meaning of things. From this perspective comes great good fortune.
Editor: The sixth line suggests the very top of the mountain -- the peak which is nearest to heaven and hence most in conformance with the ideals of the hexagram of Keeping Still. If meditation is controlled thinking, it implies that the individual has the entire thought process under control, including input from the subconscious. The experienced meditator learns how to think what he wants to think, when he wants to think it. He can always be in control of the situation, resisting psychological pressures that work on the subconscious. He is also in control of himself, never doing something that he knows he really does not want to do. In many schools, this self-mastery is one of the most important goals of meditation.
Aryeh Kaplan -- Jewish Meditation
A. An image of tranquil non-action.
B. Present inaction creates future advantage.
March 30, 2001, 4/25/06