34 · 雷天大壮

大壮卦原文

大壮。利贞。

象曰：雷在天上，大壮。君子以非礼弗履。

白话文解释

大壮卦：吉利的卜问。

《象辞》说：本卦上卦为震，震为雷，下卦为乾，乾为天，天上鸣雷是大壮的卦象。君子观此卦象，以迅雷可畏，礼法森严，从而畏威知惧，唯礼是遵。

《断易天机》解

大壮卦震上乾下，为坤宫四世卦。此卦中的大壮表示壮大，阳隆盛，象征君子，君子壮大当然亨通。

北宋易学家邵雍解

光明正大，强盛壮大；容忍和气，切忌冲动。

得此卦者，运势过于强盛，宜心平气和，谨慎行事，否则必生过失。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解

时运：成名不难，不可骄傲。

财运：得价即售，不可过贪。

家宅：小心防火；相敬如宾。

身体：保养脚部。

传统解卦

这个卦是异卦（下乾上震）相叠。震为雷；乾为天。乾刚震动。天鸣雷，云雷滚，声势宏大，阳气盛壮，万物生长。刚壮有力故曰壮。大而且壮，故名大壮。四阳壮盛，积极而有所作为，上正下正，标正影直。

大象：雷声响亮，光明天际，为正大光明之象，又为强烈地动之象，为六冲卦之一。

运势：运势虽强，但已届极盛之时，宜心平气和，否则反招失败，须知物极必反。

事业：处世凭智不凭力，有勇更有谋，切忌蛮干，该守不守，自取其凶。不可逞强，否则自取凶险。对小人应有防犯，尤其不得忽视小人的奸诈。对事业应勇往直前，但切忌冒进。

经商：处在高涨阶段，形势很好。但决不可逞强，更不可妄动，应主动增强与他人的合作。提高警惕，认识物极必反的道理，做事业衰退的准备。

求名：务必注意妥善地运用自己的力量，不可自恃刚健强壮而冒进，尤其不可自负。适当发挥自己的才干，加上外力的援助，必有所作为。

婚恋：决不可因自己条件好而高傲。切勿错过好姻缘。

决策：强健适中，不可过分消耗自己的力量。在事业顺利的时刻，尤其不可妄动。更应注意，很可能已经处于进退维谷的状态，务必自保待机，及早有所准备。

第三十四卦的哲学含义

大壮卦卦象，雷天大壮卦的象征意义

大壮卦，此卦是异卦相叠。下卦为乾，上卦为震。震为雷，乾为天。天鸣雷，云雷滚，声势宏大，阳气盛壮，万物生长，刚壮有力，所以称之为“壮”。大而且壮，故名“大壮”。

此卦卦名为大壮。《说文》中说：“壮，大也。”古人将三十岁的男子称为壮年。可见“壮”的意思便是壮大、强壮的意思。遁卦是归隐保全，就好比隐者居于山林中积蓄自己的能力，经过不断的积蓄，现在终于变得能力强大了。所以遁卦接下来便是大壮卦。这就好比董仲舒经年苦读圣贤之书，最后终于学有所成，成为诸子百家的集大成者。这就是《序卦传》中所说的：“物不可以终遁，故受之以大壮。”可是大壮卦并没有前进的意思，只是表示通过“遁”，已使力量得到了最大的积蓄，是蓄势待发的意思。

大壮卦卦画：大壮卦的卦画是下面四个阳爻，上面两个阴爻，与遁卦的排列顺序正好相反。

大壮卦卦象：从卦象上进行分析，下面的阳爻象征阳气的强盛，上面的阴爻象征阴气的削弱。大壮卦是十二消息卦之一，代表的节气为春分。大壮六爻代表惊蛰至清明的三十余天。五天为一候，一爻代表一候。这时候万物都开始活动起来，草木生长，动物们也开始繁衍，并且此时已过惊蛰，天上始有雷声，所以大地上呈现出一派声势浩大的景象。大壮卦上卦为震为雷，下卦为乾为天，惊雷响彻天际，便是大壮卦最大的形象。

34.雷天大壮(䷡)-高岛易断

《序卦传》曰：“物不可以终通，故受之以大壮。”《遁》者，阳之退，《大壮》者，阳之进，无往不复，《大壮》所以继《遁》也。卦体《乾》下《震》上，《乾》刚在下，加以《震》阳在上，乘健而动，动而愈刚，壮往之势，进而不止，既壮又大，是四阳之过也，故卦曰《大壮》。

大壮：利贞。

阳为大，阳长至四，坚实而壮，故曰《大壮》。三阳为《泰》，至四而称壮，壮而曰大，壮之过也。《乾》曰“元亨利贞”，《震》曰“亨”，《大壮》不曰元亨，独曰“利贞”，而六爻又多戒辞，恐其失正而动，动必得咎，是知《大壮》非《易》之所贵也。

《彖传》曰：大壮，大者壮也。刚以动，故壮。大壮利贞，大者正也。正大而天地之情可见矣。

此卦下《乾》上《震》，《震》者雷也，《乾》者天也。《乾》在下为刚，《震》在上为动，刚而动，动得其刚，则刚而愈动，壮盛之势，莫之能遏，此壮之所以曰大也。夫大莫大于天地，天地之动得其正，则四时行焉，百物生焉，其大也，即其正也，故《大壮》必曰“利贞”。贞者，正也，“大壮利贞，大者正也”，大而正，则其壮也配义与道，可充塞于天地之间，而天地之情，即于此可见矣。

以此卦拟人事，为其人生性本刚，而复逞其发动之气，乘刚而动，勇往直前，非不足以有为也，然过刚则折，过勇则蹶，败事之咎，即在此《大壮》中也。《杂卦传》曰“大壮则止”，其以此也。《大壮》首曰“利贞”，利贞者，利于贞，贞即谓正，所谓“大者正也”。卦体《震》上《乾》下，《乾》本健行，至上九阳极则亢，是以有悔。《震》主《震》动，而爻象皆言恐惧，可知《易》道恶其过刚。越礼违谦，往必不利，故君子戒之以“弗履”，惕之曰“用罔”。故以柔济刚，以静定动，则动如无动，而刚若不刚，则见壮即见正也。孟子所谓至大至刚之气，其在斯乎？

以此卦拟国家，为国运壮盛之时也。上卦曰《遁》，四阳在上，二阴浸长，此卦反之，四阳在下，二阴浸消。阳长阴消，乘刚而动，故曰“大壮，大者壮也”。是君子日进，小人日退，国运全盛，正在此时。然国运过盛则侈，卦象过壮则暴，侈与暴，皆失其正，故《大壮》必曰“利贞”。贞之为言正也，非正无以成其大也。大而正，斯刚不过刚，动无过动，是以正而用壮，“大者壮”，即“大者正”也。《象》所云“君子非礼弗履”，礼即正，非礼即非正，君子亦用其正而已。夫子所谓“政者正也，正则行，不正则不从”，垂诫深矣。故六爻多戒“用壮”：初惩以“凶”，三戒以“厉”，五教以“易”，上惕以“艰”，惟二四两爻，得其“贞吉”。盖易道恶其太过，以得中为吉，治道亦然，此王者所以贵持盈而保泰也。

通观此卦，卦体《乾》下《震》上，卦象内刚外动，乘此阳之正壮，以逼阴之将消。疑若易易，然阴方得位，未可遽逼，刚不可恃，进不可躁，故君子必以礼为履也。《大壮》反卦为《遁》，《遁》，退也，二阴方进，其退不可不决；《大壮》，进也，：二阴未退，其进不可太猛。《杂卦传》曰，“大壮则止，遁则退也”，其卦义相反如此，而爻象亦皆先后互反。阴进则阳退，阴退则阳进，此《大壮》所以继《遁》也。六爻分属二卦，内三《乾》体，外三《震》体，以二五为得中。初爻为《乾》之始，一往直前，知进而不知退，故“凶”。二爻为《乾》之主，喜得其中，而犹不失其正，故“吉”。三爻居《乾》之终，“小人”指初，“君子”指二，“罔”谓法网，即君子怀刑之意，盖合初与二，分言以明之也。四出《乾》入《震》，为壮之主，以阳处阴，动不违谦，故得吉而“悔亡”。五爻居《震》之中，能于平易之时，柔而得中，不用其壮，故“无悔”。上居《震》之极，进退维谷，何利之有？唯能凛之以艰则吉。总之，持盈保泰，壮乃得吉，越礼违谦，壮必有悔，是必如三之“用罔”，而不“用壮”，斯为处壮之要道也，玩《易》者其审之！

余读《大壮》一卦，而有慨夫维新先后之义士也。当幕政初衰，妄施议论，不知忌讳，即所谓初之壮趾凶也。著书立说，有主尊攘，以兴起天下之大义者，如二之得中“贞吉”也。方其列藩应义，群才奋兴，或躁或缓，邪正不一，祸福攸分，如三所谓“用壮”“用罔”之不同是也。或有慎礼守谦，不失其壮，能以尚往得吉者，如四之“藩决不羸”是也。或有居易预防，不涉险难，以退为进而“无悔”者，如五之“丧羊于易”是也。至若方今当路大臣，皆出自昔年创义藩士，历尽艰危，而得际其盛者，如上六之“艰则吉”者是也。要之废藩诸士，忠肝义胆，国而忘身，均可嘉尚，其间成败祸福，亦各自取。“用罔”，实足为前事之鉴也夫！

《大象》曰：雷在天上，大壮，君子以非礼弗履。

大象《震》雷，发于《乾》天，势力强壮，故名曰《大壮》。夫《随》、《复》、《豫》、《大壮》四卦，皆得《震》体，故皆取象于雷。《随》雷入泽中，阳势渐收，是谓秋雷；《复》雷入地中，阳势已微，是谓冬雷；《豫》“雷出地奋”，阳势方盛，是谓春雷；《大壮》曰“雷在天上”，阳势健盛，是谓当令之夏雷也。君子则之，谓雷之发声，必以其时，不时则为灾；君子之践履，必由于礼，非礼则有悔。《乾》为行，《震》为足，有《履》之象。《乾》之《象》曰，“君子以自强不息”，《震》之《象》曰，“君子以恐惧修省”，合而言之，君子因欲自强，惟以非礼而履者，为可惧耳，即夫子所谓“非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动”之旨也。

【占】　问战征：军势强盛，有疾雷不及掩耳之势；但兵骄必败，所当深戒。

○　问营商：雷在天上，是货价高标之象，得价而售，不可过。

○　问功名：雷声远震，必得成名。

○　问家宅：防有火灾，宜祷。

○　问疾病：《震》为雷，亦为足，防有足疾，不能行也。

○　问婚姻：《震》为《乾》之长子，《巽》为《坤》之长女，是天合也，吉。

○　问失物：雷一过而无形，恐此物不能复得。

○　问六甲：生男。

Judgment

Legge: Great Power necessitates firm correctness.

Wilhelm/Baynes: The Power of the Great. Perseverance furthers.

Blofeld: The Power of the Great. Persistence in a righteous course brings reward. [This hexagram with a solid group of firm lines topped by a small

number of yielding lines obviously signifies strength -- in this case the power to

succeed in spite of difficulties. Much of what follows concerns goats -- a symbol presumably suggested by the form of the hexagram, namely a solid body

distinguished by a pair of horns -- the yielding lines at the top.]

Liu: Great Power. It is of benefit to continue.

Ritsema/Karcher: Great Invigorating, Harvesting Trial. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of the invigorating power of a central creative idea. It emphasizes that animating everything around you through this guiding motivation is the adequate way to handle it. To be in accord with the time, you are told to invigorate through the great!]

Shaughnessy: Great Maturity: Beneficial to determine.

Cleary(1): Great power is beneficial when correct.

Wu: Great Strength indicates that it is advantageous to be persevering.

The Image

Legge: The image of thunder over heaven forms the hexagram of Great Power. The superior man, in accordance with this, does not take one step that is not in accordance with propriety.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Thunder in heaven above: The image of The Power of the Great. Thus the superior man does not tread upon paths that do not accord with established order.

Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes thunder in the sky. The Superior Man never takes a step involving impropriety. [Note: The combination of trigrams meaning thunder and sky suggests something of the awe-inspiring quality of the truly great.]

Liu: Thunder in the sky above symbolizes Great Power. The superior man's conduct does not oppose the rules.

Ritsema/Karcher: Thunder located above heaven. Great Invigorating. A chun tzu uses no codes whatever, nowhere treading.

Cleary (1): Thunder is up in the sky, with great power. Thus do superior people refrain from what is improper.

Cleary (2): … Developed people do not do what is improper.

Wu: There is thunder above heaven; this is Great Strength. Thus the jun zi does not practice what is not proper.

COMMENTARY

Confucius/Legge: In Great Power we see that which is great becoming strong. The trigram of Strength directs the trigram of Movement, and hence the whole is expressive of vigor. But that which is great necessitates firm correctness. The attributes of heaven and earth are displayed when firmness and correctness attain their ideal state.

Legge: Because the dynamic lines predominate in Great Power, the figure suggests a state in which there is an abundance of strength and vigor. Is strength alone enough for the conduct of affairs? Of course not! Strength must always be subordinated to the idea of right, and exerted only in harmony with it. The lower trigram symbolizes Strength, the upper symbolizes Movement. In the Confucian commentary, "that which is great” denotes the group of four dynamic lines which strikes us on looking at the figure, and also the superior men in positions of power, of whom these are the representatives. That the attributes of heaven and earth are displayed means that the power of men should be a reflection of the great power which we see impartially working in nature.

Ch'eng-tzu says on the Image: "Thunder rolling in the sky and making all things shake is the symbol of Great Power." In relating its application to man, he quotes a beautiful saying of antiquity: "The strong man is he who overcomes himself."

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES

Judgment: Control yourself. The Superior Man does nothing that is not in accordance with the principles of the Work. Wilhelm and Blofeld translate this hexagram as The Power of the Great., but I prefer Liu's rendition of Great Power, because it has a more neutral connotation. The Power of the Great suggests the might of kings and emperors, and implies "superior" power wielded at one's own discretion. It is too easy to misinterpret this hexagram as a clear injunction to take unilateral action.

Such is seldom the case -- the hexagram depicts a charge of latent energy which must be properly managed.

The figure is usually compared with the image of a ram or goat -- the four lower dynamic lines being the body, and the two upper magnetic lines representing the horns. Since this hexagram is the preceding figure of Retreat turned upside down, one can imagine the two together as a person retreating across a pasture pursued by a charging beast. The ram/goat is mentioned in four of the six lines of the hexagram. This is certainly Great Power, but in such a crude form it cannot be truthfully called The Power of the Great. Truly Great Power, as the Judgment tells us, is derived from our will to restrain our emotions, instincts and appetites. Note that lines two and four are the most positively forceful lines in the hexagram and that both imply restraint of power as the proper way to attain one's goals. Without changing lines, the hexagram sometimes refers to provocations in which one is "legitimately” tempted to a self-righteous display of "power.” Remember that other people's ego-trips are none of your concern: the superior man does not respond to them with other than dignified reserve. Regard it as a test and be joyful if you pass it! Everything found in later literature seems to indicate that these meditative schools required a strong discipline and faithful adherence to a strict regimen. The schools were extremely demanding, and were open only to those willing to devote themselves totally. Before even being admitted to one of these ancient meditative schools, a person had to be not only spiritually advanced but in complete control of all his emotions and feelings. Beyond that, the disciplines of the Torah and commandments were central to these schools, and these disciplines required a degree of self-mastery to which not everyone could aspire.

Aryeh Kaplan -- Jewish Meditation