40 · 雷水解

解卦原文

解。利西南。无所往，其来复吉。有攸往，夙吉。

象曰：雷雨作，解。君子以赦过宥罪。

白话文解释

解卦：利于西南行，但是，若没有确定的目标，则不如返回，返回吉利。如果有确定的目标，则宜早行，早行吉利。

《象辞》说：本卦上卦为震，震为雷；下卦为坎，坎为雨，雷雨并作，化育万物，是解卦的卦象。君子观此卦象，从而赦免过失，宽宥罪人。

《断易天机》解

解卦震上坎下，为震宫二世卦。震为动，坎为险，遇险而动，为即将脱险走出困境之兆，因此多主吉。

北宋易学家邵雍解

艰难化散，排难解纷；把握时机，趁早进行。

得此卦者，能解脱先前之困难，宜把握良机，求谋事业，出外谋事者更佳。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解

时运：灾难已解，声名大起。

财运：天时地利，人和为贵。

家宅：祈祷解厄；婚姻吉祥。

身体：药到病除。

传统解卦

这个卦是异卦（下坎上震）相叠。震为雷、为动；坎为水、为险。险在内，动在外。严冬天地闭塞，静极而动。万象更新，冬去春来，一切消除，是为解。

大象：春雷大作，大地解冻，喻冬去春来生机再现。

运势：宜把握良机，快速处理身边困境，更宜出外求谋，因贵人在远方，以西南为吉方。

事业：元气初复，宜休养生息，安静平易为佳，宜宽宜和。当准备就绪则应立即行动，争取主动，不可拖廷，所往必有功利，但切勿贪得无厌。克勤克俭，刚柔相济，以柔为主。远避小人，团结君子，相互依托，共成事业。

经商：行动贵神速，积极而为，方可摆脱险境。行商宜循正道，切勿招摇过市，此乃愚蠢行动，必自招灾祸。

求名：初出茅庐，应继续充实自己。待机行动。尤应远小人，近君子和有才德的人，以期迅速提高自己。

婚恋：应适时进行。夫妻和衷共济，可家庭和睦，免除灾难。

决策：稳妥为宜，亦不应冒险，因一切尚在元气初复阶段。为争取大发展，务必宽以待人，以柔致治，广交贤者，遣散小人，以中庸、正直的方式，张驰结合的手段，开拓方兴未艾的事业。

初九爻的哲学含义

解卦卦象，雷水解卦的象征意义

解卦，本卦是异卦相叠，下卦为坎，上卦为震。震为雷、为动；坎为水、为险。险在内，动在外。本卦的大意是，等严冬过后，当人们听到天上第一个雷声时，就知道地上的水已经冰消雪化，春天到来了。这意味着万物已经从不适于生存的寒冬解脱出来。“严冬天地闭塞，静极而动。万象更新，冬去春来，一切消除，是为解。”

从另一个角度看，坎下震上，是说在危险中只要能积极坚持活动，终有一天会从困难的险境中解脱出来。

解卦，位于蹇卦之后。《序卦传》中这样解释道：“物不可以终难，故受之以解；解者缓也。”意思是事物不可能一直处于危难之中，所以在表示险难的蹇卦之后接着是解卦，意思是险难缓解。

《象》中这样分析本卦：雷雨作，解；君子以赦过宥罪。这里指出：解卦的卦象是坎（水）下震（雷）上，坎又代表雨；为春雷阵阵，春雨瀟瀟，万物舒展生长之表象，充分显示了解卦所蕴含的解除危难的含义。君子应该学习这种精神，赦免有过失的人，宽恕有罪恶的人，给他们重新做人的机会。解卦所启示的道理就是：柔道致治。

解卦象征着灾祸危难的舒解，属于中上卦。《象》中这样来断此卦：目下月令如过关，千辛万苦受熬煎，时来恰相有人救，任意所为不相干。

40.雷水解(䷧)-高岛易断

卦体下《坎》上《震》，《震》为雷，《坎》为水，亦为雨，《震》《坎》交错，即成雷雨交作之象。《坎》于时为冬，《震》于时为春，自冬涉春，雨水乍来，春雷始发，和风送暖，坚冰渐解，天地郁结闭塞之气，一经雷雨鼓动，枯者生，蛰者起，无不解散而萌发也，故名其卦，曰雷水《解》。

解：利西南，无所往，其来复，吉。有攸往，夙吉。

▲　甲骨文解

▲　金文解

▲　篆书解

“解，缓也。”《坎》位北，《震》位东，自北转东，而南，而西，是行也，故曰“利西南”。《解》即所以解蹇，反东北而东南，倒《震》《坎》。《解》之西南，即《蹇》之西南也，故其利同。“无攸往”者，谓蹇解而难已平，无难则无所往，缓以养之，以俟来复，是以“来复吉”也。“有攸往”者，谓蹇解而难犹在，有难则必有往，急，不懈夙兴，是以“夙吉”也。

《 彖传》曰：解，险以动，动而免乎险，解。解利西南，往得众也。其来复吉，乃得中也。有攸往，夙吉，往有功也。天地解而雷雨作，雷雨作而百果草木皆甲坼，解之时大矣哉！

按：《解》有两音，一古买反，谓《解》难之初；一谐买反，谓既《解》之后。《序卦》曰，“解者，缓也”，险难既解，物情舒缓，故为《解》。《解》所以解蹇也，止则《蹇》，而动则《解》。凡遇险不可不动，动斯能免乎险也，免险则为《解》。“西南”《坤》位，《坤》顺得常，故“利”，《坤》为众，故“往得众”。往自内而外，来自外而内。《坤》为纯阴，至《震》一阳来复，犹言大难初平，疮痍未复，必休养生息，俾得复其元气，故不必“攸往”，而自然“来复”，是以得中而吉也。二之六为《晋》，《晋》“明出地上”，日之初升，故有夙象。“晋，进也”，故“有攸往”。《晋》五曰“往有庆”，即“往有功”之谓也。盖“来复”治内，夙往治外，内外交治，解之事尽矣。《解》为二月之卦，《震》阳司令，“雷以动之”，“雨以润之”，天地凝寒之气，因而解散，万物生育之机，因而甲坼。《睽》《蹇》二卦，皆兼取“时用”，《解》独曰“时大矣哉”，盖《睽》《蹇》以得用而济，《解》则不复用其解，惟在待时而动耳。

以此卦拟人事，是险难乍解，元气未复之时也。方其处险，不动则不能脱险，动必当审其方向，又得夫众力。西南为《坤》顺之方，得众即“朋来”之助。及其已解，有不可再动者，如人身疾病乍痊，血气未复，当以休养而调摄之，斯为得中也。有不可不速动者，如人家困难甫脱，而盗贼犹在，当必急起而翦伐之，斯为有功也。《震》为春，春气一动，而雷雨交作，天下之积气乃解，万物之生机始达，犹人之威怒一振，而群邪悉退矣。六爻皆合《蹇》而《观》，初为难初平，惟求“无咎”而已；二则难已除，斯为“贞吉”矣；三则难虽消，以寇“致寇”，其咎亦自取耳；四之难未得全解，尚望得人相助也；五之难，能以心孚，庶几宵小自退也；上之难积恶未靖，不能不威武加之也。在天怒则雷霆，恩则膏雨，在人惟赏其善，罚其恶当之耳。

以此卦拟国家，卦自《明夷》来，自《家人》而《睽》，而《蹇》，而《解》，皆为周兴殷亡之象。《解》为文王羑里脱囚之时，其“利西南”者，文王化行西南之地，虞芮之质成，其“无攸往”也，崇密之翦伐，其有攸往也。所以动兵兴众者，时当险难，不得不动耳，不动不能以免险，且不能以济天下之蹇也。迨至商郊誓师，而来会者八百，是得众也，即得中也。周之所以脱大难者，在此《解》，周之所以集大勋者，亦在此《解》也。王怒如雷，王泽如雨，后之王天下者，惟以法周者法天而已。天地得阳和而雷雨作，万物得阳和而萌孽生，治道亦犹是焉。

通观此卦，《解》与《屯》 易位。《屯》《震》生在下，《坎》难在上，“动乎险中”，为难之始生，其《象》曰“云雷”，是天气郁结而未能发泄也，故不成雨；《解》《坎》难在下，《震》生在上，动免乎险，为难之已解，其《象》曰“雷雨”，是天气发泄，而恩威并施也，故曰“雷雨作”。《解》之卦义，其为难者，《坎》也，阴也，其难解者《震》也，阳也。初爻以其始解而安之；二爻就其获解而治之；三爻防其方解而复致之。内三爻属《坎》，《坎》，阴也，故不言《解》。四爻之《解》，得朋为助；五爻之《解》，以孚得吉；上爻之《解》，以“用射”获利。外三爻属《震》，《震》，阳也，故言《解》。统之难之作也，靡不由于小人，而其《解》也，靡不由于君子。五为《解》之主，《象》曰“君子有解，小人退也”，所谓“君子”，即《大象》所称“赦过宥罪”之“君子”也。此为《解》一卦之要领也。

《象》曰：雷雨作，解，君子以赦过宥罪。

按：十二消息考，《坎》为十二月至正月之卦，《坎》五六两爻，值雨水惊蛰；《震》为二月至四月之卦，《震》初爻，值雷乃发声，三爻值谷雨。《解》为二月公卦，《象》曰“雷雨作”，盖因其时而取象焉。《坎》为罪，为灾，故有过有罪；《震》为缓，为生，故用“赦”用“宥”。君子法之，号令如雷之《震》，天下无不耸动，恩泽如雨之降，天下无不喜悦。夫使幽闭久系之人，一旦得“赦过宥罪”，弛其禁锢，脱其桎枯，如出陷阱而复见天日，则其忧闷郁结之气，无不解散。是君子与民更新，以之解万民之难也。

【占】　问时运：灾难解脱，大有奋发振作之象。

○　问战征：威武一振，有大寇翦灭，小寇服从之象。

○　问功名：有声震百里，泽被群生之兆。

○　问营商：得时得令，“雷雨之动满盈”，大利。

○　问婚姻：《震》雷《坎》雨，阴阳交济，生育畅茂，吉。

○　问家宅：天盘有动，地盘有难，宜祈祷解免

○　问行人：一时可归，防小有灾难，无咎。

○　问讼事：幸得宽宥无罪。

○　问六甲：生男。

Judgment

Legge: Liberation finds advantage in the southwest. When the operation is completed, a return to stability brings good fortune. If operations are incomplete, it is best to finish them quickly.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Deliverance. The southwest furthers. If there is no longer anything (Sic) where one has to go, return brings good fortune. If there is still something (Sic) where one has to go, hastening brings good fortune.

Blofeld: Release. The west and south are favorable. Those with nothing to gain from going forward will find good fortune by turning back; those who do have much to gain from going forward must hasten to be sure of doing well. [This is not a time to stay where we are. If we have no good reason to advance, it is best to retreat.]

Liu: Liberation. The southwest benefits. If there is nothing for one where one has to go, then returning brings good fortune. If there is something in a place where one can go, then going quickly leads to good fortune.

Ritsema/Karcher: Taking-apart. Harvesting: Western South. Without a place to go: one's coming return significant. Possessing directed going: Daybreak significant. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of reflection and release from tension. It emphasizes that analyzing and understanding things in order to be delivered from compulsion is the adequate way to handle it...]

Shaughnessy: Untangled: Beneficial to the southwest; there is nowhere to go; his coming in return is auspicious; there is someplace to go to spend the night; auspicious.

Cleary (1): For liberation, the southwest is beneficial. When going nowhere, the return brings good fortune; when going somewhere, promptness brings good fortune.

Cleary (2): For solution, the southwest is beneficial. Going nowhere, coming back is fortunate, etc.

Wu: Relief indicates advantage in the southwest. If he undertakes to do something without a cause, it will be auspicious for him to return to his former station. If he undertakes to do something with a cause, it will be auspicious for him to do it early.

The Image

Legge: Liberation shows a thunderstorm clearing the atmosphere. The superior man, in accordance with this, forgives errors and deals gently with crimes.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Thunder and rain set in: the image of Deliverance. Thus the superior man pardons mistakes and forgives misdeeds.

Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes thunder and rain bringing release. The Superior Man tends to forgive wrongs and deals leniently with crimes. [The component trigrams suggest that a certain amount of forceful action is required.]

Liu: Thunder and rain come, symbolizing Liberation. The superior man forgives errors and pardons criminals.

Ritsema/Karcher: Thunder, rain, arousing. Taking-apart. A chun tzu uses forgiving excess to pardon offenses.

Cleary (1): Thunder and rain act, dissolving. Thus do superior people forgive faults and pardon crimes.

Cleary (2): Thunder and rain – solution. Etc.

Wu: There come thunder and rain; this is Relief. Thus the jun zi pardons inadvertent transgressors and extenuates (Sic) criminal offenders.

COMMENTARY

Confucius/Legge: Liberation shows the trigram of Movement above the

trigram of Danger -- through movement there is an escape from peril. An early movement to the southwest wins the allegiance of the masses and returns the state to normalcy and equilibrium. When heaven and earth are freed from the grasp of winter, we have thunder and rain. When these come, the buds of the fruit-producing vegetation begin to open. Great indeed are the phenomena in the time of Liberation.

Legge: The written Chinese character for Liberation is the symbol of

unloosing -- untying a knot or unraveling a complication. This hexagram denotes a condition in which the obstruction and difficulty of the preceding figure have been removed. The lesson is how this new and better state of the kingdom should be dealt with. If no tasks remain to be completed, the sooner things resume their normal course the better. If further operations are necessary, let them be accomplished without delay. The K'ang-hsi editors say that moving to the south and west is the same as returning to normality. Thunder and rain clear the atmosphere, and a feeling of oppression is relieved. The images of springtime in the Confucian commentary refer to the gentle policy of a conquering ruler who forgives the opposition of those who cease to offer resistance.

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES

Judgment: Do what obviously needs to be done and return to stability as soon as possible. The Superior Man forgives, forgets, and bears no grudges. (i.e., Stability is more important than fixing blame or haggling over who is right.) If the thirty-ninth hexagram of Impasse is turned upside down it becomes the fortieth hexagram of Liberation or Deliverance. The two figures represent opposite situations: if Impasse creates tension, then Liberation releases it. The upper trigram of Movement ascends to escape from the lower trigram of Danger, giving us an unambiguous image of freedom and relief. Apart from all personification, the whole of space in which life finds itself has a malevolently spiritual character, and the "demons" themselves are as much spatial realms as they are persons. To overcome them is the same thing as to pass through them, and in breaking through their boundaries this passage at the same time breaks their power and achieves the liberation from the magic of their sphere.

H. Jonas -- The Gnostic Religion Legge's commentary in the preceding hexagram explains that the "southwest" is the direction of "earth," the fertile lowland where life is natural and uncontrived. Confucius tells us here that an early move in this direction will win the "allegiance of the masses." Psychologically interpreted, this refers to the inner kingdom of the psyche, where “the masses” are the drives, emotions and archetypal complexes which make up our being. The symbolism suggests a conscious freeing up of inner tension. These forces, therefore, must not be left to run wild, but should be disposed of in harmless ways or, better still, used for constructive

purposes: creative activities of various kinds; the rebuilding of our personality, contributing to our Psychosynthesis.

Roberto Assagioli -- Psychosynthesis