55 · 雷火丰

丰卦原文

丰。亨。王假之，勿忧，宜日中。

象曰：雷电皆至，丰。君子以折狱致刑。

白话文解释

丰卦：举行祭祀，君王将亲临宗庙。不要担心，最佳时刻当在正午时分。

《象辞》说：本卦上卦为震，震为雷；下卦为离，离为电。电闪雷鸣，是上天垂示的重大天象，这也是丰卦的卦象。君子观此卦象，有感于电光雷鸣的精明和威严，从而裁断讼狱，施行刑罚。

《断易天机》解

丰卦震上离下，为坎宫五世卦。丰即为盛大，本是吉兆，但盛极必衰，丰盛中也藏着隐忧，需小心谨慎。

北宋易学家邵雍解

盛大丰满，进财获利；谋望克遂，必有喜庆。

得此卦者，运势正强，谋事可成，名利双收。但不宜过贪，要知足常乐，谨防乐极生悲，损财甚至火险。

台湾国学大儒傅佩荣解

时运：气势正旺，谨慎小心。

财运：获利甚丰，须防诉讼。

家宅：宜向东南；天作之合。

身体：肝火上升，静养为宜。

传统解卦

这个卦是异卦（下离上震）相叠，电闪雷鸣，成就巨大，喻达到顶峰，如日中天。告戒：务必注意事物向相反方面发展，盛衰无常，不可不警惕。

大象：雷电交加，声势壮大，又离日动于天际，普照大地，皆为盛大之象。

运势：运势极强，为收获之时，但不宜贪得无厌，须知足常乐，要防是非、损财甚至火险。

事业：处于十分顺利的鼎盛时期，各方面都很顺利，成就很大。但务必注意开始出现的衰败症状，防微杜渐，严防骄傲自满。同时，不必盲目追求不切实际的事情，全力保持当前状况的延长。

经商：由于准确地把握了市场动态，商情对自己十分有利，可以大胆发展，但一定要密切注意行情，分析信息，稍有不慎，破产可能在一夜间。一旦破产应立即总结教训寻求真诚的合作者，早日走出困境。

求名：经过努力和奋斗，已获得成就，应注意保持和稳步发展，切勿追求虚名。

婚恋：可以成功，也会美满幸福，但若一方自持条件变化而动摇，则会导致不利。

决策：由于个人天资聪颖，条件好，因此各方面十分顺利。但务必深刻认识人生无常的真理，一切应保持适度，切记物极必反。更不应自我封闭，陷入困境，切莫灰心。

第五十五卦的哲学含义

丰卦卦象，雷火丰卦的象征意义

丰卦，这个卦是异卦相叠，下卦为离，上卦为震。离为火，震为雷。雷雨会使五谷丰登，火又可以把丰收的粮食变为丰盛的饭菜，所以此卦命为“丰”。

丰卦位于归妹卦之后，《序卦》这样解释道：“得其所归者必大，故受之以丰。丰者，大也。”归妹卦描述来归，有如众人来归则民聚国富，所以接着要谈代表盛大的丰卦。

《象》中这样解释本卦：雷电皆至，丰；君子以折狱致刑。这里指出：丰卦的卦象是离（火）下（震）雷上，离又代表闪电，震为雷，为雷电同时到来之表象，象征着盛大丰满；君子应该像雷电那样，审案用刑正大光明。

丰卦属于上上卦。《象》中这样来断此卦：古镜昏暗好几年，一朝磨明似月圆，君子谋事逢此卦，近来运转喜自然。

55　高岛易断-雷火丰(䷶)

卦体《震》上《离》下，《离》本《乾》体，变《乾》中画而成《离》，《离》为日，日本悬象于天也；《震》本《 坤》体，变《坤》之下画而成《震》，《震》为雷，雷本奋出于地也。“雷以动之，日以暄之”，万物化生，自然丰茂。《震》，动也，《离》，明也，明与动合而成《丰》，此卦之所以名《丰》也。

丰：亨，王假之。勿忧，宜日中。

▲　金文丰

《正义》曰：“财多德大，故谓之丰。”财多则足以济世，德大则足以容人，事无窒碍，故“亨”。“王”指殷王，“假”，谓感假。《萃》《涣》之假，言殷王假庙也，《丰》之假，期纣之能假也。期能假夫《丰》亨之道，自足以统驭万国，照临下土，如日之正中，光明遍被，故曰“勿忧”。《离》为日，日中则明愈大，故曰“宜日中”。

《 彖传》曰：丰，大也。明以动，故丰。王假之，尚大也。勿忧，宜日中，宜照天下也。日中则昃，月盈则食，天地盈虚，与时消息，而况于人乎？况于鬼神乎？

《序卦传》曰：“得其所归必大，故受之以丰。丰者，大也。”卦体以《离》遇《震》，《震》为行，动必以健，《离》为光，明无不灼，明以动，动则有为，故得亨通而盛大也。“王”指九五，言《丰》之象本大，王能诚心感假，则更加大矣。五爻曰“有庆”，即庆王之能假也，《丰》莫大于是焉，假如是，复有何忧？“宜日中”者，是极言“明以动”之象，日至中，其明愈焕，其照愈远，万国九州，明无不被，可知王之“自明明德”，即可明“明德”于天下也，故曰“宜照天下”。然日过中则倾，月既盈则缺，阳极而阴生，盈虚消息，天地循环之运也。《彖》曰“日中”，《丰》至极盛，衰即伏之，《传》欲王益励夙夜之勤勉，明以继明，有以挽回乎造化，使明不为欲蔽，而丰得以长保矣。虽盈则必有虚，消则必有息，与时推移，鬼神亦不能自主，而所以转旋而补救者，总在于人也，人惟自明其“明德”耳。干宝曰：日中之象，殷水德，《坎》象昼败，而《离》居之，言周德当天人之心，宜居王位，故“宜日中”。

以此卦拟人事，上互《兑》，兑为泽，期其惠泽之丰盈也；下互《巽》，《巽》为利，期其财利之丰富也：有丰无歉，丰斯大矣。然丰于财者多昏，丰于欲者多乱，昏则不明，乱则妄动，无以假之，《丰》所在，忧即伏之矣。卦体上下互《大过》，《大过》者，过乎中也，日过中则昏，月过中则缺，此过盛必衰，过刚必折，盈虚消息，天地四时，自然之运，虽鬼神之盛德，不能过此，而况人事之微乎？《彖》曰“勿忧，宜日中”，传释之曰“宜照天下”，谓《乾》为日，《离》亦为日，《丰》为六月之卦，夏至日在《离》，气禀纯阳，日当午中，光明倍焕。《离》《大象》曰“明两作，离，大人以继明照于四方”者，此之谓也。明以静生，明亦以动见，譬如人闭目静坐，一物不见，一动则双目开豁，明足察物矣，此所谓“明以动，故丰”也。人事之忧，在不丰，不知不丰不足忧，所忧者最在不明耳。明则可静亦可动，可盈亦可虚，《丰》之所大，大在于明，亦大在于动也。是人事之极则，乃可出而与天下相见矣。

以此卦拟国家，国家之大势，不能静而无事，要必当动而有为，所患者动失其道，必至昏庸柔昧，上下交蔽，愈动而愈困耳。困则不亨，不亨则不丰，国事不可为矣。欲求其直，必先期其明，《彖》是以曰“明以动，故丰”。卦体上《震》下《离》，《震》为动，故能风动四方，《离》为明，故能向明出治。《震》又为帝，故称“王”，《离》为光，故能照，王者克明“明德”，道协大中，明足与天下相见，动可为天下更新，是能照假夫臣民，光大夫勋业，庶几就之如日，瞻之如云，一时熙熙攘攘，咸沐浴于光天化日之中，而若浑忘其帝力者，丰莫丰于是焉。然一治一乱，一盛一衰，国运也，亦天运也，所谓“日中则昃，月盈则食，天地盈虚，与时消息”，世运推移，皆如是耳。要必文明柔顺，如文王之德之纯，上足以假君，下足以假民，如日月之照临，光被天下，乃能挽既去之天命，重得延祀之商社者，此文王之所以文王也。如是则可以长保此丰矣。

通观此卦，《京房 易传》曰：“上木下火，气禀纯阳，阳为大，大则必丰。”卦以《离》遇《震》，《震》为君，君作于上，明烛于下，故得成崇隆丰大之业。然有丰必有歉，丰于功者傲，傲则必亡，丰于财者奢，奢则必败，傲与奢，皆由于动之失中也；动失其中则损明，损明则安能长保其丰乎？《杂卦传》曰，“丰，多故也”，“多故”，是以难保也，道在有以假之耳。王者能推心置腹，上下交孚，假以生明，明以运动，期明无不照，亦动罔不臧，如午日正中，光明遍烛，此《离》象所以为明也。明愈大，丰亦愈大，是可尚也，复何忧乎？卦体《离》日在下，《震》雷在上，互卦《巽》木为蔀，《兑》泽为水，雷施雨，木含日，故自二至四，有晦昧之象。圣人处此，虚以养其明，悦以霁其威，断以决其壅，使上下之情相通也。若六五动而得中，明良际会，则皎日澄空，氛翳全消，纯熙之运至矣，风雨晦冥，其何伤日乎？初爻如日初出，故“往有尚”也；二爻如日方中，故“有孚”吉也；三爻明为沫蔽；四爻明为斗掩；五与二相应，所以资明；上则《丰》极而凶矣。六爻皆有明象，而为“灾”，为“疾”，为“沫”，为“斗”，为“凶”，皆足以蔽其明而害其动，惟五独得其吉，《彖》所谓“王假之，尚大也”，在此爻矣。

《大象》曰：雷电皆至，丰。君子以折狱致刑。

此卦《震》为雷，《离》为电，雷电相合，威势盛大，电主明，雷主威，《象》曰“雷电皆至”，有威明兼备之象焉。明以“折狱”，则狱得其情，斯天下无遁情矣；威以“致刑”，则刑当其罪，斯天下无遗奸矣。君子见《丰》之象，推威严光明之德，洞悉奸伪，以明运威，故能察亦能决；以威济明，故无枉亦无私。天之《震》也，雷声之作，电火在先，此其象也。得《离》之明者，为《噬嗑》、《贲》、《丰》、《旅》四卦，《大象》俱有用刑之义。《噬嗑》明在上，象君子在上，故为“明罚敕法”；《丰》明在下，象君子在下，故曰“折狱致刑”。

【占】　问时运：气运旺盛，但当丰不忘歉，斯丰可长保矣。

○　问营商：财利丰盛，但须公平谨守，否则恐有讼狱牵连。

○　问功名：雷电有威名发达之象，宜任刑官。

○　问战征：雷电皆至，见兵威显赫，声势远扬，攻战必克。

○　问婚姻：世称雷为公，电为母，是天合也。

○　问家宅：宅向东南，财气颇丰。

○　问疾病：是肝火上升之症，宜泄肝泻火之剂，尤宜静养。

○　问失物：皆速追究，可得。

○　问行人：防有讼事纠缠。

○　问六甲：单月生男，双月生女。

Judgment

Legge: Expansion of Awareness means progress and development. When the king is enlightened there is no need to fear a change. Let him be as the sun at noon.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Abundance has success. The king attains abundance. Be not sad. Be like the sun at midday.

Blofeld: Abundance -- success! The King inspires them. Do not be sad; it is fitting to be like the sun at its zenith. [Abundance in itself is often good; but it is generally followed by the waning of what was abundant; moreover, as we shall see, there can be abundance of darkness, or anything else unpleasant. (The Judgment itself) may be taken as an auspicious omen.]

Liu: Greatness. Success. The king attains greatness, without sadness; he should be like the sun at midday.

Ritsema/Karcher: Abounding, Growing. The king imagining it. No grief. Properly sun centering. [This hexagram describes your situation in terms of profusion and abundance reaching culmination. It emphasizes that exuberantly increasing things to their fullest is the adequate way to handle it...]

Shaughnessy: Abundance: Receipt; the king approaches it; do not be sad. It is proper for the middle of the day.

Cleary (1): Richness is developmental. Freedom from worry when the king is great is suited to midday.

Cleary (2): Richness is success; a king attains this. Do not worry. Take advantage of the sun at noon.

Wu: A sage king will attain abundance. There is no need to worry, for he knows the expedience of observing the midday sun.

The Image

Legge: The superior man, in accordance with this, decides cases of litigation, and apportions punishments with exactness.

Wilhelm/Baynes: Both thunder and lightning come: the image of Abundance. Thus the superior man decides lawsuits and carries out punishments.

Blofeld: This hexagram symbolizes thunder and lightning occurring simultaneously. The Superior Man decides law suits and inflicts the necessary penalties.

Liu: Thunder and lightning coming together symbolize Greatness. The superior man judges lawsuits and imposes punishments.

Ritsema/Karcher: Thunder, lightning, altogether culminating. Abounding. A chun tzu uses severing litigating to involve punishing.

Cleary (1): Thunder and lightning both arrive, abundant. Thus do superior people pass judgment and execute punishment.

Cleary (2): Thunder and lightning both come in richness. Thus do leaders pass judgments and execute punishments.

Wu: Thunder and lightning come together; this is Abundance. Thus the jun zi decides the verdicts and exacts the punishments.

COMMENTARY

Confucius/Legge: The greatness of Expansion of Awareness is due to Movement directed by Clarity. Although the king has attained this state, he must still make it greater.

But there is no need for anxiety -- let him be as the sun at noon: let his clarity shine on all under the sky. As soon as sun and moon reach zenith their light begins to wane. The intercourse of heaven and earth alternates between abundance and scarcity. It waxes and wanes according to the seasons. How much more so with men or spiritual forces! [Ritsema/Karcher translate "spiritual forces" [Kuei Shen] as: "The whole range of imaginal beings both inside and outside the individual; spiritual powers, gods, demons,

ghosts, powers, fetishes." -- Ed.]

Legge: The written Chinese character denoting Expansion of Awareness is the

symbol of being large and abundant -- a condition of prosperity. In human affairs, prosperity often gives place to its opposite. The lesson of the hexagram is to show how the ruler may preserve the prosperity of his state and people. The component trigrams show Motive Force under the direction of Intelligence. A ruler with these attributes will not fail to maintain the progress and development of his kingdom. He is told not to be anxious, but to study how he may always be like the sun at its zenith, cheering and enlightening all.

It must be noted that a change has been introduced in this hexagram in explaining the symbolism of the lines. Normally, for two lines to have a correct relationship one must be female (magnetic) and the other male (dynamic). Here two dynamic male lines make a proper correlation in the first and fourth places. In the Image, lightning appears as the natural phenomenon of which Clarity is the symbol in the lower trigram. The virtues of Clarity and Movement are required of the superior man in judging litigation.

NOTES AND PARAPHRASES

Judgment: Don't grieve when the truth hurts: a loss of illusion is a gain in awareness. Once truly attained, enlightenment cannot be lost, it can only be increased. The Superior Man acts with clarity by accurately evaluating cause and effect. [Or: The objective assessment of any contradiction is the road to comprehending it.] The fifty-fifth hexagram is very intriguing in that it appears to have a misleading title in the original Chinese, which is usually translated as Abundance, Fullness, Prosperity, etc. All of the internal clues, plus empirical experience with the figure have convinced me that the title Expansion of Awareness is a more accurate description of the forces operating in this hexagram. Here is my reasoning: First, the component trigrams of Clarity and Movement portray action directed by clear comprehension, as well as awareness itself in motion or expansion. The title of Abundance seems misleading because it suggests a relatively static condition, whereas the combined trigrams in the figure symbolize Clear Movement. These trigrams appear in reverse sequence in hexagram number twenty-one, Discernment, which symbolizes the

act of comprehending -- a dynamic function of consciousness described in the Image here as a quest for justice: "Thus the superior man decides lawsuits and carries out punishments." (Wilhelm) Notice also that the message for the superior man in this Image is almost identical with that in Discernment: "Thus the kings of former times made firm the laws through clearly defined penalties." (Wilhelm) The ancient kings can always be taken as symbolic of archetypal forces (the "gods"), so their laws are those of nature, not of humankind. Interpreted broadly, both messages counsel us to: "Comprehend the law of Tao, or suffer the penalties of ignorance." Which is to say: "expand your awareness." Second, note the message in the Judgment. Most of the translators render this by comparing the king at the peak of his power with the sun at the peak of its illumination at noon. The sun is the symbol of clarity and enlightenment, and the sun at its zenith therefore symbolizes a high point of awareness. Third, notice that lines two, three and four depict an eclipse of the sun through its waxing, full and waning phases. This suggests ignorance gradually evolving toward comprehension, which is finally attained in line five. The progression in the hexagram is

from ignorance to clarity, and then in line six, ignorance within clarity -- i.e., an image of one who remains obtuse while surrounded by the light of illumination. Fourth, the combined trigrams of shock and light (thunder and lightning) suggest a sudden and numinous illumination: the sort of en-light-enment (expansion of awareness) described by Yogis: Suddenly, with a roar like that of a waterfall, I felt a stream of liquid light entering my brain through the spinal cord ... The illumination grew brighter and brighter, the roaring louder, I experienced a rocking sensation and then felt myself slipping out of my body, entirely enveloped in a halo of light ... I was no longer myself, or to be more accurate, no longer as I knew myself to be, a small point of awareness confined in a body, but instead was a vast circle of consciousness in which the body was but a point, bathed in light and in a state of exaltation and happiness impossible to describe.

Gopi Krishna -- Kundalini, the Evolutionary Energy in Man It is possible that the written character translated into English as Abundance has these associations in Chinese. Unfortunately, the title of Abundance itself does not immediately suggest in the English language the ideas that are integral in the symbolism of the hexagram.